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Introduction
Current institution
Additional affiliations
September 2005 - January 2009
January 2009 - present
Education
January 2002 - June 2009
January 1997 - January 1999
January 1991 - December 1996
Publications
Publications (94)
Due to practical difficulties in quantifying fluoride exposure in populations, practical and accurate biomarkers can play a major role in the surveillance of fluoride. Among different fluoride biomarkers, spot urine and nail-clippings have gained more attention due to their ease of acquisition. However, there is no robust consensus about the accura...
Background
Early childhood caries (ECC) is a preventable chronic disease. Parents’ knowledge and attitudes toward oral healthcare have been associated with higher caries experience in their children. Mobile apps within the context of mHealth interventions are a potential tool for raising awareness and informing parents about their children's oral h...
A lack of fundamental motor skills (FMS) in the early years can lead to lower engagement with physical activity (PA), and track into adulthood. This study aimed to test the feasibility of an existing intervention for Early Years Educators (“Educators”) designed to increase knowledge, confidence and the ability to increase PA and FMS of children in...
Chronic exposure to high levels of fluoride may cause health concerns, including in cognitive function. This study reviewed the evidence on the association between fluoride exposure and cognitive outcomes in children from gestation up to 18 years old. A literature search was conducted for studies on pregnant women and children below 18, exposed to...
Background
There is an increased interest in identifying practical and accurate biomarkers for fluoride exposure. Due to the narrow ‘dose-gap’ between the benefit of caries reduction and the risk of dental fluorosis, monitoring of fluoride exposure is vital when introducing any fluoridation programme for the prevention of dental caries. This scopin...
Background
Fundamental movement skill (FMS) competence is associated with physical activity during childhood, with higher FMS competence associated with higher physical activity levels; however, the effectiveness of FMS interventions in primary school-aged children is not fully understood.Objective
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effe...
Objective
The primary aim of this study was to investigate the association between physical activity (PA) and sitting time on adults’ mental health (i.e., depression, anxiety and wellbeing) and the influence of mediators and confounders.
Methods
An online survey was disseminated in the UK between May and June 2020. A total of 284 participants (33....
Using Brofenbrenner’s socio-ecological model as a conceptual framework, the objective of this study was to determine playground users (primary school staff and pupils) perceptions of the barriers and facilitators to a physically active school playground at an intra-personal (individual), inter-personal (social), environmental and policy level. Resu...
The benefits of being physically active, possessing good motor skills and being school-ready are well documented in early years. Nevertheless, the association between physical activity and motor skills with school readiness remains unknown. Therefore, the aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore the relationship between these variables. We...
Introduction: Over the last decade, research into the impact of school-based high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on young people's health has markedly increased. Despite this, most authors have focused on the outcomes of their intervention, rather than the process of how the study was conducted. The aim of our study, therefore, was to conduct a...
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the effectiveness of ehealth interventions for the treatment of children and adolescents with overweight or obesity. Databases were searched up to November 2020. Studies were randomised controlled trials where interventions were delivered via e-health (e.g. computers, tablets, smart...
The school playground can promote PA for large numbers of children. This study identifies areas of the playground that children visited at break-times, the decisions according to gender and the influence of contextual and environmental variables on PA levels. The playground of a culturally diverse primary school was observed during morning break-ti...
Diet, physical activity, smoking and alcohol behaviour-change interventions delivered in pregnancy aim to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes. This review reports a synthesis of evidence from meta-analyses on the effectiveness of interventions at reducing risk of adverse health outcomes. Sixty-five systematic reviews (63 diet and physical activity;...
Background
Increasingly, national policy initiatives and programmes have been developed to increase physical activity (PA). However, challenges in implementing and translating these policies into effective local-level programmes have persisted, and change in population PA levels has been small. This may be due to insufficient attention given to the...
The literature is sparse in terms of the effect of exercise on the pharmacokinetics of fluoride (F) in humans. In a 4-treatment repeated measures cross-over study, we investigated F pharmacokinetics following no exercise (control) and three exercise intensity conditions (light, moderate and vigorous) in healthy adults. At a pre-experimental session...
Background –
Activity levels decline substantially in both inactive and active women during pregnancy and postpartum. There is limited information on the barriers and facilitators for physical activity participation in active women during this period. The primary aim of this study is to identify the barriers and facilitators for physical activity i...
Background
Pregnancy is a teachable moment for behaviour change. Multiple guidelines target pregnant women for behavioural intervention. This systematic review of systematic reviews reports the effectiveness of interventions delivered during pregnancy on changing women’s behaviour across multiple behavioural domains.
Methods
Fourteen databases wer...
Background:
We aimed to examine the associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), static strength and explosive strength with cognitive functions in young males.
Methods:
Eighty-six young males (age 16-24 years) participated in the study and took part in a number of tests including: static strength (grip strength test), explosive strength (Sa...
Background
Physical activity (PA) in the early years is associated with a range of positive health outcomes. Fundamental motor skill (FMS) competence is associated with PA and is theorized to be driven by PA in the early years and vice versa in mid-to-late childhood. However, to date, no studies have meta-analyzed the association between PA and FMS...
Classroom-based physical activity (PA) interventions offer the opportunity to increase PA without disrupting the curriculum. We aimed to explore the feasibility and potential effectiveness of a classroom-based intervention on moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) and total PA. The secondary aim was to assess the acceptability and sustainability of the int...
Background and purpose The association between weight status with simple cognitive tasks such as reaction time (RT) may not be observed in young people as cognitive functioning development has reached its peak. In the present study, we aimed to examine the association between overall and central adiposity with overall and central processing of RT i...
Background
As a recognised effective and economical agent for dental caries prevention, fluoride has been used in many different fluoridation schemes implemented across the world. Considering the narrow ‘dose-gap’ between the benefit of caries reduction and the risk of dental fluorosis, it is recommended that fluoride intake is monitored by measuri...
This paper was originally published under a standard licence. This has now been amended to a CC BY licence in the PDF and HTML.
Background and objectives: To explore the association between weight status and executive function in young adults. Materials and Methods: Ninety-seven young males (age 17–26 years) underwent adiposity and body composition measurements using body composition analyzer. Inhibitory control and working memory were measured using the Cambridge Neuropsyc...
Sedentary behaviour tracks from early to middle childhood, suggesting the need to intervene early. The aim of this systematic review was to identify determinants of change in accelerometer‐assessed sedentary behaviour in young children, with a view to informing interventions. Ten electronic databases were searched. Longitudinal and intervention stu...
Background and objective: There is an increased interest in exploring the association between fitness components with cognitive development in children in recent years. One of the scopes is to find the best exercise prescription to enhance health and cognition. Most of the studies so far have focused on cardiorespiratory fitness with little evidenc...
Children and adolescents with overweight and obesity are a global health concern. This is an integrative overview of six Cochrane systematic reviews, providing an up-to-date synthesis of the evidence examining interventions for the treatment of children and adolescents with overweight or obesity. The data extraction and quality assessments for each...
ABSTRACT: The present study aimed to explore the association between physical fitness (PF) and cognitive performance in a sample of 19-24 year old males. Two hundred and eleven young males (20.2±1.5 years) participated in the study. Cognitive functioning tasks including information processing speed and inhibitory control were measured in addition t...
The present study investigated the effect of chronic exercise on fluoride (F) metabolism in fluorosis-susceptible mice exposed to high-F and explored the relationship between F concentrations in bone and plasma. Thirty male mice were randomised into three groups: Group I (No-F, No-Exercise), Group II (50 ppmF, No-Exercise), Group III (50 ppmF, Exer...
Objective:
To examine the effectiveness of intermittent energy restriction in the treatment for overweight and obesity in adults, when compared to usual care treatment or no treatment.
Introduction:
Intermittent energy restriction encompasses dietary approaches including intermittent fasting, alternate day fasting, and fasting for two days per w...
Previous studies have found that obesity could influence academic performance. The aim of this study was to systematically review the scientific evidence on the association between obesity and academic performance in school children. A systematic review of English articles was undertaken by using databases PubMed/Medline, ERIC, LILACS, SciELO and W...
Background:
Child and adolescent overweight and obesity has increased globally, and can be associated with significant short- and long-term health consequences. This is an update of a Cochrane review published first in 2003, and updated previously in 2009. However, the update has now been split into six reviews addressing different childhood obesi...
Background:
Adolescent overweight and obesity has increased globally, and can be associated with short- and long-term health consequences. Modifying known dietary and behavioural risk factors through behaviour changing interventions (BCI) may help to reduce childhood overweight and obesity. This is an update of a review published in 2009.
Objecti...
Physical fitness (PF) is a construct of health- and skill-related attributes which have been associated with academic performance (AP) in youth. This study aimed to review the scientific evidence on the association among components of PF and AP in children and adolescents. A systematic review of articles using databases PubMed/Medline, ERIC, LILACS...
Review objective/question:
The objective of this umbrella review is to examine the effectiveness of different types of weight management, smoking cessation and alcohol reduction interventions in producing explicitly measured behavior change or proxy measures of behavior change in pregnant women.Specifically the review question is: are weight manag...
Purpose:
To investigate whether CRF is associated with academic performance in Brazilian students, independently of body mass index (BMI), fatness and socioeconomic status (SES).
Methods:
Three hundred and nine two 5th and 6th grade students (193 girls) (12.11±0.75 years old) were evaluated in 2012. Skinfold thickness measures were performed, an...
Background:
Low-volume high-intensity interval training holds promise for cardiometabolic health promotion in adolescents, but sustainable interventions must be practical and engaging. We examined the effect of a school-based multi-activity low-volume high-intensity interval training intervention on adolescents' cardiometabolic health.
Methods:...
Baseline comparisons of retained participants (complete cases), and those lost to follow-up (incomplete cases).
(DOCX)
Populated TIDiER checklist.
(DOCX)
Populated TREND statement checklist.
(PDF)
Background
Physical activity is critical to improving health and well-being in children. Quantitative studies have found a decline in activity in the transition from primary to secondary education. Exergames (active video games) might increase physical activity in adolescents. In January 2011 exergame dance mat systems were introduced in to all sec...
BACKGROUND: Physical activity is critical to improving health and well-being in children. Quantitative studies have found a decline in activity in the transition from primary to secondary education. Exergames (active video games) might increase physical activity in adolescents. In January 2011 exergame dance mat systems were introduced in to all se...
Background:
The aim of this study is to establish the energy expenditure (EE) of a range of child-relevant activities and to compare different methods of estimating activity MET.
Methods:
27 children (17 boys) aged 9 to 11 years participated. Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 routines of 6 activities ranging from sedentary to vigorou...
Intervention studies have been undertaken to reduce sedentary behaviour (SB) and thereby potentially ameliorate unhealthy weight gain in children and adolescents. We synthesised evidence and quantified the effects of SB interventions (single or multiple components) on body mass index (BMI) or BMI z-score in this population. Publications up to March...
Review question/objective:
The overall aim of this mixed methods systematic review is to explore the effectiveness and experience of early intervention programs using volunteers, peer supporters and community champions with the aim of improving one or more of the following outcomes of children from conception to two years:Specifically the review q...
Intervention studies have been undertaken to reduce sedentary behaviour (SB) and thereby potentially ameliorate unhealthy weight gain in children and adolescents. We synthesised evidence and quantified the effects of SB interventions (single or multiple components) on body mass index (BMI) or BMI z-score in this population. Publications up to March...
Background:
Child overweight and obesity has increased globally, and can be associated with short- and long-term health consequences.
Objectives:
To assess the effects of diet, physical activity, and behavioural interventions for the treatment of overweight or obesity in preschool children up to the age of 6 years.
Search methods:
We performed...
Less than 50% of a PE lesson is usually spent in MVPA. A dependent-group contingency strategy, “Fair Play Game,” has shown effectiveness in increasing MVPA during PE lessons among students from affluent schools. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of this strategy on MVPA among students from an undeserved community. The Fai...
An understanding of all aspects of fluoride metabolism is critical to identify its biological effects and avoid fluoride toxicity in humans. Fluoride metabolism and subsequently its body retention may be affected by physiological responses to acute exercise. This pilot study investigated the effect of exercise on plasma fluoride concentration, urin...
Purpose:
Isotemporal substitution analysis offers new insights for public health, but has only recently been applied to sedentary behavior research. We aimed to quantify associations between the substitution of 10 minutes of sedentary behavior with 10 minutes of light physical activity (LPA) or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and the...
The purpose of this study was to verify the association between unhealthy weight and academic performance and the inflence of physical activity level (PAL) in elementary school children. This study was conducted with 450 elementary school students (50% girls) enrolled in
1 st to 4th grades. PAL was assessed by self-reported questionnaire of typical...
The purpose of this study was to compare sensory integration and response to balance perturbation between physically active normal weight and overweight adults. Physically active young adults were grouped into normal weight (n = 45) or overweight (n = 17) according to the World Health Organization body mass index classification for Asian adults. Pa...
Background: Males have a lower life expectancy and a higher morbidity than females. Such trends are exacerbated in regions of social deprivation yet little is known on how best to intervene in this male population. The objectives of this study were to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a purpose-built active video game (AVG) intervention i...
Background
Exergaming has been proposed as an innovative method for physical activity promotion. However, large effectiveness studies are rare. In January 2011, dance mat systems were introduced in secondary schools in two districts in England with the aim of promoting an innovative opportunity for physical activity. The aim of this natural experim...
The effect of exercise on fluoride metabolism in humans is unknown. This pilot study aimed to investigate the effect of exercise on fluoride ingestion and excretion in adults
Objective: To measure urinary fluoride excretion (UFE) and plasma fluoride concentration (plasma-F) following no exercise (control) and three exercise conditions.
Methods:...
A dependent group contingency strategy called Fair Play Game was applied to promote increase in number of steps during physical education classes for sixth-grade students. Results from a multiple baseline design across three classes showed that the mean number of steps for baseline vs. intervention were: Class 1: 43 vs. 64 steps/minute; Class 2: 49...
Effect of high-intensity interval training on cardio-metabolic risk markers in adolescents: 3-month follow-up of Project FFAB (Fun Fast Activity Blasts)
Taylor, K.1, Azevedo, L.1, Bock, S. 2, Batterham, A. M. 1.
1Teesside University (Middlesbrough, UK). 2Durham University, UK.
Introduction
Project FFAB is an exploratory controlled before and aft...
Low-volume, high-intensity exercise holds promise for cardio-metabolic health promotion, but sustainable interventions must be practical and engaging. Purpose: To determine the impact of a school-based, high-intensity exercise intervention on cardio-metabolic risk markers in 13-15 year olds. Methods: We recruited 102 adolescents (64 male) from four...
The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of a dependent group contingency on eighth-grade students’ heart rates. Participants were 18 male and female students. A multielement research design was used to examine the intervention effects. The intervention consisted of: (a) teacher explanation about effort; (b) students’ suggestions to incr...
Given the paucity of research on pacing strategies during competitive events, this study examined changes in dynamic high-resolution performance parameters to analyze pacing profiles during a multiple-lap mountain-bike race over variable terrain.
A global-positioning-system (GPS) unit (Garmin, Edge 305, USA) recorded velocity (m/s), distance (m), e...
HEART RATE AND PERCEIVED EXERTION RESPONSES TO THREE TYPES OF LOW-VOLUME, HIGH-INTENSITY EXERCISE: PILOT DATA FROM PROJECT FFAB (FUN FAST ACTIVITY BLASTS)
Taylor, K. L1, Azevedo, L.1, Bock, S. 2, Batterham, A. M. 1.
1Teesside University (Middlesbrough, UK). 2Durham University, UK.
Introduction
Project FFAB (Fun Fast Activity Blasts) is a control...
Introduction
The apparent decline of adolescents’ physical activity levels is a pertinent public health issue and previous school-based physical activity interventions have provided disappointing results. These findings could be due to a failure to engage with and understand the needs of the target audience. A possible solution is to involve partic...
The aim of the study was to compare physiological responses between runners adapted and not adapted to deep water running at maximal intensity and the intensity equivalent to the ventilatory threshold. Seventeen runners, either adapted (n = 10) or not adapted (n = 7) to deep water running, participated in the study. Participants in both groups unde...
The aim of this study was to investigate the kinetics, kinematics and muscle activity in runners with Achilles tendinopathy.
Case-control study.
Biomechanics laboratory.
21 runners free from injury and 21 runners with Achilles tendinopathy performed 10 running trials with standardised running shoes. Injured runners were diagnosed clinically accordi...
The aim of this study was to compare the biomechanical changes during natural heel-toe running with learned midfoot and Pose running.
Twenty heel-toe runners were instructed in midfoot running and a novel running style in which the acromium, greater trochanter, and lateral malleolus are aligned in stance (Pose running). Clinical gait analysis was p...
Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the biomechanical changes during natural heel-toe running with learned midfoot and Pose running. Methods: Twenty heel-toe runners were instructed in midfoot running and a novel running style in which the acromium, greater trochanter, and lateral malleolus are aligned in stance (Pose running). Clinical g...
The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of a dependent group contingency on eighth-grade students
