Li Dai

Washington State University | WSU · Center for Precision Agricultural Systems

Special attention has been paid to holographic storage and 3D display in recent years. LiNbO3 crystal is a distinguished multifunctional material where the field of holographic storage is of paramount importance. In this work, the Czochralski method was employed to grow a series of Zn:Fe:Cu:LiNbO3 crystals with different doping concentrations of Zn...

Zn (1, 3, 5, 7 mol.%): Dy: LiNbO 3 crystals were prepared by the traditional vertical pull-up method. The effective segregation coefficients of Zn[Formula: see text] and Dy[Formula: see text] were found to decrease with increasing Zn[Formula: see text] concentration using ICP-AES analysis test. The lattice size was found to increase first and then...

Zn:Dy:LiNbO3 crystals with different [Li]/[Nb] ratios ([Li]/[Nb] = 0.946, 1.05, 1.20, 1.38) were grown by pulling method in air. Its structure and composition were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). It was found that the effective segregation coefficient of Zn2+ decreases and that of Dy3+ increases with t...

Lithium niobate is a crystal with excellent electric-optic and nonlinear optical properties. Double-doped and multi-doped lithium niobate are widely used in a wide variety of optical devices. A series of Zn:Ru:Fe:LiNbO 3 crystals with different lithium-niobium molar ([Li]/[Nb]) ratios were grown by the Czochralski method. The structures of the crys...

A series of Sc:Yb:Tm:LiNbO3 crystals with variable Sc3+ (0, 1, 2, and 3 mol%) concentration are grown by the Czochralski method. The effective distribution coefficients of Sc3+, Yb3+, and Tm3+ ions in the Sc:Yb:Tm:LiNbO3 crystals are determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer. Sc3+ ions distribute uniformly in crystals wh...

A series of Zn:Yb:Nd:LiNbO 3 crystals with various concentrations of Zn[Formula: see text](1 mol.%, 3 mol.%, 5 mol.% and 7 mol.%) were grown by Czochralski method. The dopant occupancy and light-induced scattering ability of Zn:Yb:Nd:LiNbO 3 crystals were measured and discussed by infrared spectra and exposure energy flux method. The results show t...

Hf:Yb:Tm:LiNbO3 crystals with different Hf⁴⁺ concentration (2, 4 and 6mol%)were successfully prepared by Czochralski method. The concentrations of Hf⁴⁺, Yb³⁺ and Tm³⁺ ions were analyzed via inductive couple plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES). The influence of Hf⁴⁺ doping concentration on defect structure and doping occupancy in Hf:Yb:Tm:...

A series of Hf:Dy:LiNbO3 crystals with various [Li]/[Nb] ratios ([Li]/[Nb]=0.946, 1.05, 1.20 and 1.38) in the melt were grown by the Czochralski method. The UV-VIS-NIR absorption spectra of Hf:Dy:LiNbO3 crystals were measured, and Judd-Ofelt (J-O) theory is used to evaluate the transition intensity parameters Ω2, 4, 6 and spectroscopic quality fact...

A series of In:Yb:Nd:LiNbO3 crystals with various [Li]/[Nb] ratios (0.946, 1.05, 1.20 and 1.38) were grown by the Czochralski method. They were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). As the [Li]/[Nb] ratio increases in the melt, the segregation coefficients of Yb3+ and Nd3+ ions increase, while the segregatio...

Zr, Ru and Fe co-doped LiNbO3 crystals with various level of Zr⁴⁺ doping were grown in air by the conventional Czochralski method via the optimum growth condition. The defect structure of Zr:Ru:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals was analyzed by UV-visible absorption spectra. The holographic storage properties of Zr:Ru:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals were investigated by two-wa...

A series of Hf:Fe:Cu:LiNbO3 crystal with various concentrations of Hf 4+ ion doping are grown in air by the conventional Czochralski technique. The segregation coefficients of the Hf 4+, Fe³⁺, and Cu²⁺ ions in the crystals are carried out with an inductively coupled plasma‐atomic emission spectrometer. The birefringence gradient method is measured...

s Mg:Ru:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals with various [Li]/[Nb] ratios([Li]/[Nb] = 0.946, 1.05, 1.20 and 1.38) were grown in air by the Czochralski method. The structure and composition were analyzed by the X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) and inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). It was found that doping ions and the change of [Li]/...

A series of Yb:Tm:LiNbO3 crystals doped with x mol% Hf⁴⁺ ions (x = 2, 4, and 6) were grown by the Czochralski method. The dopant occupancy and defect structure of Hf:Yb:Tm:LiNbO3 crystals were investigated by x-ray diffraction and infrared transmission spectra. The influence of Hf⁴⁺ ions concentration on UV-VIS-NIR absorption spectra of Hf:Yb:Tm:Li...

The Sc:Fe:Cu:LiNbO3 crystals were grown with Fe3+(0.3 wt.%), Cu2+(0.1 wt.%) and Sc3+(1 mol.%) by the Czochralski method with various [Li]/[Nb] ratios (0.946, 1.05, 1.20 and 1.38). The influence of the [Li]/[Nb] ratios on the defect structure of Sc:Fe:Cu:LiNbO3 crystals was analyzed by the UV-Visible spectra and IR transmission spectra. The spectra...

In:Ru:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals were grown by the Czochralski method with various Li/Nb ratios of 0.94, 1.05, 1.20 and 1.38 in the melt. The segregation coefficient of In³⁺, Ru⁴⁺ and Fe³⁺ ions were analyzed by an inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES). The infrared transmittance spectra were measured to investigated the defect s...

Ho:Tm:LiNbO3 crystals with x mol% Ho³⁺ ions and y mol% Tm³⁺ ions (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.25 and 0.3, y = 1, 2, 2.5 and 3) were grown by the Czochralski method. The influence of Ho³⁺ ions and Tm³⁺ ions concentration on the UV-VIS-NIR absorption spectra was discussed. The upconversion luminescence of Ho³⁺ and Tm³⁺ ions was observed under 800 nm excitation,...

A series of Hf:Yb:Nd:LiNbO3 crystals with different [Li]/[Nb] ratios (0.946, 1.05, 1.20, and 1.38) were grown using the Czochralski method. X-ray diffraction phase results of the samples show that the LiNbO3 doped Hf4+, Yb3+, and Nd3+ only have a slight change in the lattice constant. The birefringence gradient of the HfYbNd4 sample measured using...

A series of Sc:Yb:Nd:LiNbO3 crystals with various [Li]/[Nb] ratios (0.946, 1.05, 1.20 and 1.38) were grown by Czochralski method. The structure of Sc:Yb:Nd:LiNbO3 crystal was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). With the increase of [Li]/[Nb] ratio, the intensity of the UV-Vis-NIR absorption peak increases. J–O intensity parameters of Sc:Yb:Nd...

A series of Hf: Ru: Fe: LiNbO3 crystals with various Li composition in the melt were grown by the conventional Czochralski method via the optimum growth condition in the air. The intrinsic defect concentrations and structures of lithium niobate crystals were investigated by using XRD technique and the holographic storage properties were investigate...

Zr:Yb:Tm:LiNbO3 crystals with various [Li]/[Nb] ratios (0.946, 1.05, 1.20 and 1.38) were grown by the Czochralski technique. Distribution coefficients of Zr4+, Yb3+ and Tm3+ ions were analyzed by the inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES). The influence of [Li]/[Nb] ratio on the composition and defect structure of Zr:Yb:T...

A series of Sc:Ru:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals with various levels of Sc2O3(0, 1, 2, and 3 mol%) doping were grown from congruent melts in air by using the Czochralski technique. The defect structures and photorefractive properties of the Sc:Ru:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals were investigated by acquiring infrared spectra of the crystals and performing two-wavelength no...

A series of Dy:LiNbO3 crystals with x mol.% Mg2+ ions (x =0, 4, 5 and 6 mol.%) were grown by the Czochralski method. The effective segregation coefficient of Mg2+ and Dy3+ ions was studied by the inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). UV-VIS-NIR absorption spectra and Judd–Ofelt theory were used to investigate their spec...

A series of Yb:Nd:LiNbO3 crystals tridoped with various concentrations of Zr⁴⁺ (1 mol.%, 2 mol.% and 4 mol.%) were grown by the Czochralski technique from the congruent melt. The X-ray powder diffraction, UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectra and IR transmittance spectra were measured to analyze the crystal composition and defect structure. The Zr⁴⁺, Yb³⁺...

A series of Hf: Nd: LiNbO3 crystals with various [Li]/[Nb] ratios ([Li]/[Nb]=0.94, 1.05, 1.20, 1.38) in the melt were grown by conventional Czochralski technique. The distribution coefficients of Hf⁴⁺ and Nd³⁺ ions were recorded by an inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES). The effective distribution coefficient of Hf⁴⁺ i...

A series of LiNbO3 crystals tri-doped with Mg, Yb, and Ho are grown by the conventional Czochraski technique. The concentrations of Mg, Yb, and Ho ions in Mg:Yb:Ho:LiNbO3 crystals are measured by using an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The x-ray diffraction is proposed to determine the lattice constant and analyze the inte...

Let $q>2$ be a prime number, $d$ be an odd square-free natural number, and $n$ be a non-negative integer. We prove that a semisimple quasitriangular Hopf algebra of dimension $dq^n$ is solvable in the sense of Etingof, Nikshych and Ostrik. In particular, if $n\leq 3$ then it is either isomorphic to $k^G$ for some abelian group $G$, or twist equival...

Lithium selenoindate (LiInSe2) crystals with high optical quality are successfully grown by small-angle inclined horizontal temperature gradient condensation. In order to evaluate the various characteristics, the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum, optical damage resistance ability and Vickers hardness in lithium selenoindate crystals were stu...

Hf:Yb: Ho: LiNbO3 crystals with various [Li]/[Nb] ratios (0.85, 0.94, 1.05, 1.20 and 1.38) were grown by Czochraski technique. In this report, the defect structure and dopant occupancy of Hf: Yb: Ho: LiNbO3 crystals were determined by IR transmission spectrum. In all cases, the effective distribution coefficients are less than 1. Furthermore, the l...

We study several classes of braided fusion categories, and prove that they all contain nontrivial Tannakian subcategories. As applications, we classify some fusion categories in terms of solvability and group-theoreticality.

Let C be a self-dual spherical fusion categories of rank 4 with non-trivial grading. We complete the classification of Grothendieck ring K(C) of C; that is, we prove that K(C) ≅= Fib⊗Z[Z2], where Fib is the Fibonacci fusion ring and Z[Z2] is the group ring on Z2. In particular, if C is braided, then it is equivalent to Fib⊠(Formula presented.) as f...

Let $\mathcal{C}$ be a self-dual spherical fusion categories of rank $4$ with non-trivial grading. We complete the classification of Grothendieck ring $K(\mathcal{C})$ of $\mathcal{C}$; that is, we prove that $K(\mathcal{C})\cong Fib\otimes\mathbb{Z}[\mathbb{Z}_2]$, where $Fib$ is the Fibonacci fusion ring and $\mathbb{Z}[\mathbb{Z}_2]$ is the grou...

In this paper, a series of Yb (0.5mol.%):Ho (0.5mol.%):LiNbO3 crystals doped with various concentration of Mg2+ (1, 3, 5 and 7mol.%) were grown by the Czochralski technique. The ability of optical damage resistance of Mg:Yb:Ho:LiNbO3 crystals increases with increasing the Mg2+ doping concentration. The optical homogeneity of Mg:Yb:Ho:LiNbO3 crystal...

In: Yb: Ho: LiNbO3 crystals with high optical quality were grown by the Czochralski method with various ratios of [Li]/[Nb], that is 0.94, 1.05, 1.20 and 1.38 in the melt. The UV-VIS-NIR absorption spectra of In: Yb: Ho: LiNbO3 crystals were measured. The transition intensity parameters Ωt (t = 2, 4 and 6), spectroscopic quality factor (X) and the...

A series of Yb: Tm: LiNbO3 crystals with x mol% In3+ ions (x=0, 1,2 and 4 mol %) were grown by conventional Czochralski technique at the first time. The In , Yb and Tm contents in the crystals were measured by an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES). The results revealed that the segregation coefficients of Yb3+ and Tm3...

Let q be a prime number, k an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0, and H a non-trivial semisimple Hopf algebra of dimension 2q

A series of Ru:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals with various doping concentrations of HfO2 were grown by the Czochralski technique. Their defect structures were analyzed by the infrared absorption spectra and the Lorentzian fitting. The one-color holographic storage characteristics of these crystals were investigated by means of two-wavelength technology. The ex...

About $39$ years ago, Kaplansky conjectured that the dimension of a semisimple Hopf algebra over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero is divisible by the dimensions of its simple modules. Although it still remains open, some partial answers to this conjecture play an important role in classifying semisimple Hopf algebras. This paper...

A series of Hf: Ho: LiNbO3 crystals with a fixed concentration of Ho2O3(0.5 mol%) and varied HfO2 were grown. The effect of Hf4+ ion on the dopant occupancy and optical properties of Ho3+ ion in Hf: Ho: LiNbO3 crystals were investigated. To detect the optical properties of the crystals, X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and UV–vis spectra were regis...

Yb:Ho:LiNbO3 crystals tridoped with various Zr4+ concentrations (0, 1, 2 and 5 mol%) were grown by Czochraski technique. Defect structure and dopant occupancy of Zr:Yb:Ho:LiNbO3 crystals were determined by IR transmission spectrum. The effective distribution coefficient of Zr ion increases with increasing ZrO2 concentration in the melts, which is n...

A series of Yb:Er:LiNbO3 crystals tridoped with x mol% Zn2+ ions (x = 1, 3, 5 and 8 mol%) was grown by Czochralski technique. The inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) was used to measure the concentration of Er3+ in the crystal. The UV–VIS–NIR absorption spectra of Zn:Yb:Er:LiNbO3 crystals were measured, and Judd–Ofelt...

Using the top seeded solution growth technique, near stoichiometric Mg:Fe:Cu:SLiNbO3 crystals have been grown by using K2O as flux. Infrared transmission spectra were measured and defect structure and change of threshold value were investigated. Using Kr+ laser as light source (blue light with wavelength of 476 nm) the photorefractive properties of...

In:Ce:Mn:LiNbO3 crystals were grown by Czochralski technique with various [Li]/[Nb] ratios of 0.946, 1.05, 1.20, 1.38 in the melt. The infrared (IR) spectrum and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) were used to investigate defect structure of these crystals. The nonvolatile holographic storage properties of In:Ce:Mn:Li...

A series of Ho:LiNbO3 crystals doped with x mol% In3+ ions (x = 0, 1, 3 and 5 mol%) were grown by the conventional Czochralski technique. Up-conversion emission spectra was observed under 808 nm femtosecond laser excitation in the In3+ doped Ho:LiNbO3 crystals at room temperature. The experimental results indicate that blue, green, violet and red u...

The effects of a Mg2+ ion on the dopant occupancy and upconversion luminescence of a Ho3+ ion in LiNbO3 crystal are reported. The birefringence gradient of the crystal is measured to investigate the optical homogeneity. The X-ray powder diffraction spectrum and the upconversion luminescence are used to investigate defect structure and spectroscopic...

Let $k$ be an algebraically closedfield of characteristic zero. In this paper we consider an integral fusion category over $k$ in which the Frobenius-Perron dimensions of its simple objects are at most 3. We prove that such fusion category is of Frobenius type. In addition, we also prove that such fusion category is not simple.

The In:Ce:Cu:LiNbO3 crystals used in this work were grown by Czchralski method. The key parameters: the exponential gain coefficient Γ, the diffraction efficiency ηS, the response time τw, the dynamic range M/#, the sensitivity S and the maximal refractive index change Δnmax were measured with conventional two beam coupling. The optimal values of Γ...

Congruent Ce (0.1 mass%):Mn (0.015 mass%):LiNbO3 crystals codoped with In2O3(X mol%, X=0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5) were grown by the Czochralski method in the air. The In contents in the crystals were measured by an inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP-AES). The ultraviolet–visible and infrared transmittance spectra were characterized to investigate...

A series of Hf:Ho:LiNbO3 crystals with various levels of HfO2 doping were grown by the conventional Czochraski technique. The measurement of the Hf and Ho concentrations in the crystals was carried out with an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-OE/MS). The infrared (IR) spectrum was measured in order to analyze the defect...

In:Ho:LiNbO3 crystals doped with various concentrations of In3+(0, 1 mol.%, 3 mol.%, 5 mol.%), fixed concentrations of Ho3+ (1 mol.%) were grown by Czochralski method. The X-ray powder diffraction, infrared and UV-visible absorption spectra were measured and modified. Judd-Ofelt approach was employed to study the effect of In doping on spectroscopi...

Congruent Ho3+ (1 mol.%): LiNbO3 crystals codoped with MgO (X mol.%, X = 1, 3, 5 and 7) were grown by the Czochralski technique. The ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and infrared (IR) spectra were measured in order to analyze the defect structure of the crystals. The concentrations of Mg, Ho, Li and Nb in the crystals were carried out with an inductive...

Let p, q be distinct prime numbers, and k an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0. Under certain restrictions on p, q, we discuss the structure of semisimple Hopf algebras of dimension p 2q 2. As an application, we obtain the structure theorems for semisimple Hopf algebras of dimension 9q 2 over k. As a byproduct, we also prove that odd-d...

Let $p$ , $q$ be prime numbers with ${{p}^{2}}\,<\,q,\,n\,\in \,\mathbb{N}$ , and $H$ a semisimple Hopf algebra of dimension $p{{q}^{n}}$ over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0. This paper proves that $H$ must possess one of the following two structures: (1) $H$ is semisolvable; (2) $H$ is a Radford biproduct $R\#kG$ , where $kG$ is...

A series of In:Ho:LiNbO3 crystals were grown by the Czochralski method in congruent LiNbO3 melt doped with 0, 1%(in mole, the same below), 3% and 5% In2O3 and 1%Ho2O3, respectively. The ultraviolet–visible absorption spectra, birefringence gradient and optical damage resistance threshold of the In:Ho:LiNbO3 crystals were measured. The results show...

A series of Zn: In: Fe: LiNbO3 crystals are grown by the Czochralski technique with various ratios of Li/Nb = 0.94, 1.05, 1.20 and 1.38 in the melt. The Zn, In, Fe, Nb and Li concentrations in the crystals are analyzed by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectrometry. The results indicate that with increasing the [Li]/[Nb] ratio in melt, [Li]/[Nb]...

A series of LiNbO3:Fe:Mn:Zr crystals with different ratios of Li/Nb in the melt (0.94,1.05,1.20 and 1.38, respectively) were grown by the conventional Czochralski technique. The ultraviolet–visible spectra were measured in order to analyze the defect structure of the crystals. The measurement of the Zr concentrations and Li/Nb ratios in the crystal...

Let k be an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero, and p<q<r be prime numbers. Under the restriction that pq<r, this note completes the classification of semisimple Hopf algebras of dimension pqr over k which are not simple as Hopf algebras.

A series of Zn:In:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals were prepared by Czochralski method. The crystal composition and defect structure were analyzed by ICP-OE/MS, UV–vis and IR spectroscopy. The results show that with increasing In3+ doping concentration in melt, the segregation coefficients of both Zn and In ions decrease. The optical damage resistance of Zn:In:F...

Hf:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals were grown by the Czochralski technique with various ratios of Li/Nb = 0.946, 1.05, 1.20 and 1.38 in the melt. The crystal composition and defect structure were analyzed by XRD, UV-Vis and IR spectroscopy. The results show that the threshold concentration of Hf in LiNbO3 crystals decrease with the increasing of the Li/Nb ratio...

The near-stoichiometric In:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals (In:Fe:SLN) were grown by the TSSG technology for the first time. The infrared spectra and the photo-scattering resistance ability were measured. The threshold concentration of In3+ decreased to 2 mol% from 3 mol% of the congruent In:Fe:LiNbO3 (In:Fe:CLN) crystal. The mechanism of OH- absorption peak sh...

Let H be a cosemisimple Hopf algebra over an algebraically closed field k of characteristic zero. We show that if H is of type l:1+m:p+1:q with p 2 <q, or of type 1:1+1:m+1:n in the sense of Larson and Radford, then H has the Frobenius property, that is, Kaplansky’s conjecture is true for these Hopf algebras.

Let H be a cosemisimple Hopf algebra over an algebraically closed field k of characteristic zero. This paper shows that if H is of type l:1+m:2+1:p, where p≠4, then H has the Frobenius property, that is, Kaplansky’s conjecture is true for these Hopf algebras.