Leta Jule

Adama Science and Technology University | ASTU · Physics

The crude leaf extract of Phragmanthera macrosolen L. has been utilized for the first time as an effective reducing, capping and stabilizing agent to synthesize silver oxide nanoparticles (Ag2O NPs) through a green approach. The prepared Ag2O NPs were analyzed by scanning electron-microscopy (SEM), High Resolution Transmission electron microscope (...

In present study the green synthesis of silver oxide nanoparticles has been effectively achieved using novel plant extract Phragmanthera Macrosolen. This method provides sustainable alternative for nanoparticle synthesis, demonstrating the potential of Phragmanthera Macrosolen as a reducing and stabilizing agent in the production of Ag2O NPs. The s...

In this chapter, the authors present nanomaterials for biomedical application as promising technology of drug delivery, biosensors, and tissue engineering. Nanomaterials have revolutionized the field of biomedical applications because they provide sophisticated solutions for tissue engineering, biosensing, and drug administration through treating a...

In this chapter, the authors discuss nanomaterials for environmental application as promising technology of water treatment, air purification, and remediation. Water contamination remains a critical issue in many developing nations, including African countries. Traditionally, chlorine has been employed for water treatment; however, its association...

This chapter provides a comprehensive introduction to nanomaterials, detailing their definitions, unique properties, and diverse applications. It begins by explaining the fundamental concepts and classification of nanomaterials, emphasizing their distinctive characteristics such as high surface area, quantum effects, and enhanced reactivity. The di...

This chapter explores the transformative role of nanomaterials in the energy sector, focusing on batteries, supercapacitors, and solar cells. It highlights breakthroughs in efficiency, performance, and durability enabled by nanotechnology. Key materials like graphene, metal oxides, transition metal dichalcogenides, and quantum dots exhibit properti...

Nanoscale dimensional materials represent a captivating area of research in modern technology, owing to their unique properties and vast potential applications. The distinct advantage of nanosized materials lies in their large surface area to volume ratio, which endows them with enhanced stability and significant functional characteristics. Among t...

Herbal medicines are important for ensuring sustainable development goals (SDGs) in healthcare, particularly in developing countries with high rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and little access to medical facilities. Thymus vulgaris is a widely used herbal medicinal plant known for its secondary metabolites and antimicrobial properties. The...

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were prepared through Rosmarinus-officinalis leaf extracts at 90 and 200°C. In this research, the degradations of methylene blues by using TiO2 nanoparticles Sun light radiations were studied. The synthesized materials were characterized using XRDs, UV-Vis, PL, SEM, TEM, EDS and XPS. The results displayed that...

In this work, fuzzy model was developed that predicts response parameters and surface properties of an electrical discharge machined Zircaloy-2. Taguchi L18 mixed design was used to perform the experiments using different process parameters (polarity, pulse-on-time, pulse-off-time, tool electrode material, and peak current). Material removal rate (...

Objectives This systematic review aimed to evaluate the chemical compositions and Pharmacological applications of Ocimum basilicum, known as sweet basil, and Ocimum americanum, known as hoary basil, to assess their antimicrobial properties. Both plants are renowned for their culinary uses and medicinal properties, with studies suggesting potential...

This research works discuss about the effective utilization of waste Ramie Root, that has been in reinforced polyester composites, powdered fillers that have not been treated are used. Four different composites plate were formed with compression moulding technique process consisting of 20, 30 and 40% of Powdered Ramie Root with 80, 70 and 60% unsat...

Drug repositioning is a method of using authorized drugs for other unusually complex diseases. Compared to new drug development, this method is fast, low in cost, and effective. Through the use of outstanding bioinformatics tools, such as computer-aided drug design (CADD), computer strategies play a vital role in the re-transformation of drugs. The...

A europium doped tin oxide (SnO2:Eu3+) nanophosphor is prepared by using of solution-combustion process with a variation in the doping amount of Eu3+. The results recorded by X-ray diffraction are established that SnO2: Eu3+ has a polycrystalline tetragonal structure without phase alteration for each concentration of Eu3+. The undoped SnO2 nanopart...

The preparation of flexible electrode, including working electrode (WE) and counter electrode (CE), for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) utilizing metal oxides using environmentally friendly sustainable TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCNFs) is reported in this work. A new type of flexible electrode for the DSSCs, which were made of cellulo...

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) were prepared by Caricaceae (Papaya) Shell extracts. The Nanoparticles were analyzed by UV–Vis spectrums, X-ray difractions, and energy-dispersive X-rays spectroscopy analyses with a scanning electron microscope. An antifungal study was carried out for TiO2 NP in contradiction of S. sclerotiorums, R. nec...

The forward model design was employed in the Diffuse Optical Tomography (DOT) system to determine the optimal photonic flux in soft tissues like the brain and breast. Absorption coefficient (mua), reduced scattering coefficient (mus), and photonic flux (phi) were the parameters subjected to optimization. The Box-Behnken Design (BBD) method of the R...

Nano-equipment is the study as well as application of arrangements within choice of 1–100 nanopatterns in width. The meaning of nanotechnology is be contingent on instigate “nano” that is the Greek term to clue dwarf. In supplementary method languages, the term “nano” precedes 10−9 or one billionth of approximately. The term nanotechnology is often...

There is a growing amount of plastic waste that needs to be properly disposed of in order to protect the environment from the negative effects of increasing reliance on plastic products. Recent interest has focused on chemical recycling as a means of reducing plastic's negative environmental effects. Converting waste plastics into basic petrochemic...

One‐dimensional (1D) semiconductor is very useful for the advanced hybrid devices for light emitting. Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a broadly reported semiconductor due to its stability, wide bandgap, and electrical and optical properties, which make it suitable for different applications. Lot of fabrication techniques are reported for the synthesis of ZnO n...

Onion ( Allium cepa L.) is an important bulb plant grown worldwide. Proper use of the agronomic practice has undoubtedly contributed to growing crop yields. The right level of any farming practice, like the distance between plants, plant density, date of planting, and time of harvest, can produce the wanted outcomes. Therefore, this research was pi...

The underground developments are likely to deteriorate the water quality, which causes damage to the structure. The pollutant levels largely affect the aquifer properties and alter the characteristics of the water quality. Ferritin nanoparticle usage proves to be an effective technology for reducing the pollutant level of the salts, which are likel...

Genetic engineering has made sizeable contributions to technical innovation, agriculture, and the development of pharmaceuticals. Various approaches were evolved to control the genetic cloth of cells using both viral and nonviral vector architectures. Gene therapy aims to reverse pathological traits with the aid of the use of viral and nonviral gen...

The performance of a grinding wheel is greatly determined by its structure which in turn is influenced by the characteristics of the bonding material. Vitrified bonds were used in 50% of the wheels, which are mixtures of clay, feldspar and fusible materials. Vitrified wheels were fired at temperatures >1270°C. The main aim of this work is to focus...

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) were prepared by Caricaceae (Papaya) Shell extracts. The Nanoparticles were analyzed by UV–Vis spectrums, X-ray diffractions, and energy-dispersive X-rays spectroscopy analyses with a scanning electron microscope. An antifungal study was carried out for TiO2 NP in contradiction of S. sclerotiorums, R. necat...

The demand for the fastest communication is a key concern for IoT technology with recent advances in the Internet of Things (IoT). With the advent of 5G telecommunications networks, the request for the quality of service (QoS) satisfaction in IoT communication can be bridged. Henceforth, a large number of devices will not be under limited resource...

In today’s scenario, composite materials play a vital role in automobile, aerospace, and defence sectors because of their higher strength, light weight and other mechanical properties. Aluminium alloy Al6082 is a medium strength alloy with good corrosion resistance properties; hence, it is used for high-stress applications, bridges, cranes, etc. Th...

The applications of nanocomposites are not limited to a single field but are widely spread across a wide range. The application of nanocomposites embraces automotive, solar panels, sporting goods, aerospace, structural, cryogenic vessels, structural gas and oil pipelines. The polyester resin matrix-based polymer ZnO nanocomposites will be synthesiz...

The biosynthesized magnesium oxide nanoparticles were pigeon-holed with X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and photoluminescence spectrometer (PLs) and antibacterial activity. Datura stramonium leaves extract has been used in the present work,; which has medicinal value, and...

The household heating and cooling system often use the capillary device. The use of the helical capillary eliminates the need for lightweight refrigeration devices in the system. Capillary pressure is noticeably affected by the capillary geometric parameters, such as length, mean diameter, and pitch. This paper is concerned with the effects of the...

The present study aims to develop a novel hybrid polymer composite with reduced gra-phene oxide (rGO) as filler and optimize its Abrasive Water Jet Machining (AWJM) parameters for reduced kerf width. The influence of rGO addition on kerf width is analysed in detail along with Pump pressure (bar), Transverse speed (mm/min) and Standoff distance(mm)....

The present study aims to develop a novel hybrid polymer composite with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as filler and optimize its Abrasive Water Jet Machining (AWJM) parameters for reduced kerf width. The influence of rGO addition on kerf width is analysed in detail along with Pump pressure (bar), Transverse speed (mm/min) and Standoff distance(mm)....

In order to have a competitive edge, manufacturing companies have to develop superior quality products at minimum cost. Tolerance design is the most critical part of concurrent engineering in which optimal values of tolerances have to be determined for all components of an assembly, with due consideration towards the cost as well as quality. In thi...

Melt quenching technique is used to prepare the glasses composition (KF–CaO–B2O3) with the containing manganese oxide in the range of 0.1–0.4 wt %. Nature of the fabricated glasses is confirmed by XRD analysis. All calculated stability factors from DTA analysis increases with increasing the content of MnO. Infrared spectral analysis provided the in...

Right from the olden days, many products have been made according to foundry practices in order to generate prosperity in the societies in which they operate while reaping these types of benefits through the operation of foundries. It is alarming that the emissions released by foundries affect human health. Therefore, foundries installed Pollution...

Friction stir welding (FSW) factors significantly impact the welding characteristics of AA 8011 and similar alloys weld joints produced by FSW. The tool pin profiles influence joint characteristics, weld quality, and joint strength. This study used three tool pin profiles to create weld connections at three different tool rotation rates and various...

Friction stir welding (FSW) factors significantly impact the welding characteristics of AA 8011 and similar alloys weld joints produced by FSW. The tool pin profiles influence joint characteristics, weld quality, and joint strength. This study used three tool pin profiles to create weld connections at three different tool rotation rates and various...

The translucent and nano-crystalline PbS films were equipped with the CBD techniques on metal substrates by the temperature of 〖90〗^°C through aqueous solutions of Lead Nitrate and Thiourea. The XRD phases verify the crystalline property of synthesized thin films that the shape falls in the cubic structures with favourite orientations. It revealed...

Fe:TiO2 nano particles were deposited through sol-gel techniques, and the influence of pH values on structural, morphological, optical, and photoluminescence spectral behaviors was studied. Iron doped titanium dioxide nanopowders were analyzed using XRD, SEM, UV–ViS, and PL. Nano crystallized samples of titanium dioxide (72 nm, 77 nm, 78 nm, and 83...

The application of low-cost feedstock and optimizations as well as variables that influence the income aids of biobutanol is investigated. This research studies the influence concentration of ZnO Nanoparticle as a catalyst on the trans-esterification of Mango (Mangifera-indica) seed bio-oil with methanols by means of KOH as catalysts. A yield of 85...

This research is based on the characterization of khat waste (Catha edulis) through the use of some experimental approaches required to produce a clean, renewable energy source that could enhance our environmental economy as well as our energy security. The objective of this article is to characterize the pyrolysis khat waste in both proximate and...

The current study assesses the prospect of using R. Communis seed oil as a substitute fuel for diesel engines. Biodiesel is prepared from the R. Communis plant seed oil by a single-step base catalytic transesterification procedure. The investigation deals with the Physico-chemical characteristics of R. Communis biodiesel and has been associated wit...

The current work focus is on utilizing sunlight to catalyze the destruction of carbon-based (organic) pollutants. To increase the morphological area and improve the proficiency of the photocatalytic technique, sodium alginate was used as a polymeric tool and arranged as drop practice. SiO 2 nanoparticles were doped into sodium alginate droplets. Th...

The current study assesses the prospect of using R. Communis seed oil as a substitute fuel for diesel engines. Biodiesel is prepared from the R. Communis plant seed oil by a single-step base catalytic transesterification procedure. The investigation deals with the Physico-chemical characteristics of R. Communis biodiesel and has been associated wit...

A europium doped tin oxide (SnO2:Eu3+) nanophosphor is prepared by using of solution- combustion process with a variation in the doping amount of Eu3+. The results recorded by X- ray diffraction are established that SnO2: Eu3+ has a polycrystalline tetragonal structure without phase alteration for each concentration of Eu. The undoped SnO2 nanop...

Biological approach synthesis and characterization of Iron Sulfide (FeS) thin films from banana peel extract for contamination remediation of environment studied. Iron chloride, Sodium thiosulfate and Ethylene-di-amine-tetra acetate (EDTA) were used as precursor solutions without further purification. The nanoparticle of banana peel was extracted a...

The fine particles generated by the foundry industry are present in the atmosphere; they have an impact on the climate because of their influence on atmospheric radioactive phenomena. As a result of this scenario, there is a rising amount of legislation restricting the emission of pollutants from foundry industries and related businesses. In respon...

The fine particles generated by the foundry industry are present in the atmosphere; they have an impact on the climate because of their influence on atmospheric radioactive phenomena. As a result of this scenario, there is a rising amount of legislation restricting the emission of pollutants from foundry industries and related businesses. In respon...

Background: Hepatitis B is a severe, widespread infectious disease of the liver that affects millions of people around the world. It is one of the life-threatening liver infections caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). HBV is the cause of up to 80% of cases of primary liver cancer. Due to the potential risk associated with HBV infection, it is im...

Extracted Mango and Orange juices were investigated by using spectroscopic techniques such as UV/Visible and Fluorescence. Three portions of samples (fresh juice) were stored at 22 °C for eight days, stored in a water bath and heated at 40 °C, 60 °C, and 80 °C for ten minutes. The highest wavelengths (455 nm) were observed from the UV/Vis results f...

Biobutanol was successfully fabricated through ABE fermentation, and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle used as a catalyst with different masses (5 g, 10 g and 15 g) in fermentation from coffee bean harsh, a byproduct of agricultural wastes taken as raw material. Coffee bean harsh was subjected to auto-hydrolysis at 180 °C for 30 min, with biomass to so...

Biological approach of Zinc oxide (ZnO) Nano particles by using Ocimum gratissimum (Damaakasee) leaf extracts were deposited and galvanized at three different heats. Zinc-nitrate hexa-hydrate (ZnNO 3 .6H 2 O) is used as metallic precursor source. The UV-Vis absorbance crests at 3oo nm specify a blue alteration in exciton preoccupation. Scanning ele...

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles with the application of pharmaceutical shrub extract are a hopeful unconventional to the old chemical technique. The investigation is intended to synthesis TiO2 NPs in biological approach from homegrown plant Kusaayee Lippia adoensis leaf extraction which is widespread therapeutic plant and sophisticated in hom...

This research paper examines the effort of preparation of hydrated lime for water treatment matching the required quality. In order to avoid scale formation, hydrated lime quality needs the removal of silica from the lime water. Laboratory tests were conducted on lime samples and then checked for conformity with the AAWSA and AWWA standards. In thi...

Roughness plays an important role in determining how an object would be related with its environment. In tribology, rough surfaces easily obtain wear more quickly and have higher friction coefficients than smooth surfaces. Roughness is often a good analyzer of the performance of a mechanical component. This investigation is aimed to study the abras...

Historically, silver has been recognized as a powerful antibacterial agent with a broad spectrum of functions, and it has been employed safely in healthcare for several years. It seems that the incorporation of silver into embedded medical devices may be advantageous when particular genetic features, including such antibacterial behavior, are neede...