Leon Oerlemans

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• PhD
• Professor (Full) at Tilburg University

Instead of comparing open and closed triads as static phenomena, this study examines how closure dynamics among inventors impact the extent to which inventors generate high-quality inventions at the triad level. Combining literature on small group synergy, social networks, and recombinant innovation, we propose that initial open triads of collabora...

Researchers have long been intrigued by the actions and consequences of power in interorganizational relationships. However, power is fundamentally about a partner’s potential to influence its counterparty. To examine power as potentiality in interorganizational relationships, we develop a framework linking their organizational features with variou...

Multiple project team membership is a prevalent phenomenon in modern organizational life. However, is any leadership behavior in such a setting beneficial to individual team members' performance? Our study suggests that working in a multiple project team setting requires particular types of leadership. In an experimental design, we manipulated char...

This paper examines how firms in an emerging economy cope with resource challenges by implementing compensation strategies for incremental product innovations. The model is empirically tested using firm-level survey data from 497 South African manufacturing firms. Results show that higher diversity among a specific set of external knowledge sources...

A large body of the literature has found that occupying structural holes positively affect organizational outcomes. Structural holes pose strategic opportunities for organizations that are knowledgeable of their advantageous position. However, most studies do not take into account whether organizations observe their structural holes accurately. Suc...

In this paper, we investigate the effects of multiple project team membership on individual and team learning. Data from 435 members of 85 project teams shows that, at the individual level, membership variety has a positive impact on individual learning. Moreover, this positive relationship is stronger for individuals with an average need for cogni...

Before any acquired knowledge is used or adds value to the receiving project (members), it must be accepted by its recipients leading to an increase in the recipients' positive attitudes towards and intended use of the acquired knowledge. To be willing to accept knowledge it must have value and be easy to use as perceived by the receiving project's...

To what extent does the relocation of a firm affect the formation of new knowledge ties with new partners in a subsequent period? This study aims at answering this question. It assesses empirically to what extent the spatial and temporal context of relocation and the relational context of a focal firm affect new knowledge tie formation with new par...

Project networks are an increasingly salient organizational temporary form to deal with complex problems. It remains unclear, however, whether and how project networks adapt over time, and hence implement changes, both within the span of the specific project and across projects. We apply the performance feedback perspective to explore how adaptive...

Project networks are an increasingly salient organizational temporary form to deal with complex problems. It remains unclear, however, whether and how project networks adapt over time, and hence implement changes, both within the span of the specific project, and across projects. We apply the performance feedback perspective to explore how adaptive...

A growing body of network studies argues that firms purposefully act based on the network structure and their relative position in it. In this paper, we assess the validity of one of the core assumptions underpinning these arguments: that managers have accurate information about the structure of the network in which their organizations are embedded...

We meta-analyze the influence of important embeddedness dimensions and proximity dimensions on interorganizational tie formation with a dataset that encompasses more than 250,000 ties from 75 studies. First, we uncover that various forms of embeddedness, relational in particular, have different effects on tie formation and that not all types of emb...

Background: The complex, unique and temporary nature of projects makes project-to-project knowledge transfer challenging and has attracted attention from both practitioners and academic scholars. This challenging nature of project-to-project knowledge transfer led to the proliferation of a host of tools and instruments (so-called knowledge transfer...

This paper reports the results of a meta-analytic review of the relationship between person and task-focused leader behaviors, on the one hand, and team performance, on the other hand. The results, based on 89 independent samples, show a moderate positive (ρ = 0.33) association between both types of leadership behaviors and subjective team performa...

Contingent valuation is widely used due to its flexibility in valuing a wide variety of non-market goods. Although this method has important benefits, its validity and reliability are often criticised. This paper reviews the literature on the use of contingent valuation for measuring willingness to pay (WTP) for electricity generated from renewable...

We use a longitudinal examination of the production of a complex vessel to develop theory concerning operational flexibility behaviors within interorganizational projects. We find that operational flexibility behaviors are enabled by trust between project participants, sense of urgency, and the availability of resources. These enablers are in turn...

While research has identified a variety of hybrid governance structures, it has described and sought to explain this variety from different theoretical perspectives that are not readily reconcilable. This limits our ability systematically to compare different types of hybrids and on this basis to further theoretical understanding. Results of an emp...

The price consumers are willing to pay (WTP) extra for green electricity (GE) is one of the uncertainties possibly impacting on the overall feasibility of its market introduction. In the literature, several measurements of WTP are used. However, the number of studies comparing WTP measures is limited. This study investigates the construct validity...

In increasing numbers, SMEs are forming temporary project alliances to pool resources and strengthen their competitive position. While an advantage of such alliances is that they can be quickly launched, terminated and reconfigured, their downside is that they can inhibit the sedimentation of knowledge acquired from any one project and in turn can...

In this paper we test whether the use of a set of technology management tools (TM-tools), a specification of alliance portfolio capability, influences the relationship between alliance portfolio diversity and a firm's innovation outcomes. With this model, we add to the theoretical literature on the performance effects of alliance portfolio diversit...

This paper reports on an experiment that tests for the existence of peer effects in consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) for sustainable products. More specifically, we investigate whether the premium for an eco-labeled laundry detergent is sensitive to receiving information about the premium paid by other members of one's social group. The informat...

Knowledge transfers across projects in Project-Based Organizations (PBOs) are more complex and challenging than in the permanent organizational context due to the temporary nature of project teams in which team members do not see capturing and transferring across projects as important for long term benefits to the organization. Although knowledge t...

This paper examines the relationship between perceptions of organisational culture, academics' social embeddedness and their creative paper project output. It argues that the extent to which researchers working on paper projects are socially embedded through social ties with colleagues inside and outside their academic department (but within the sa...

As organisations in more and more industries look for flexible ways of production in the wake of rapidly changing market environments, project-based organising is becoming an increasingly important mode of organisation (Eisenhardt & Tabrizi, 1995). Whereas project-based organisation was traditionally mainly the domain of industries such as film mak...

Globalisation is challenging almost every aspect of the political, economic, social and technological environment. Organisations, whether public or private, have to adapt their strategies and operations to stay competitive and efficient. Historically, organisations adopted project-based operations as a mode to stay competitive, although the applica...

While entrepreneurship research has taken firm formation to be the predominant mode of opportunity exploitation, entrepreneurship can take place through many other types of organizational arrangements. In the present article, we consider one such alternative arrangement, namely the formation of inter-organizational projects (IOPs). We propose a mul...

The success of many knowledge-intensive industries depends on creative projects that lie at the heart of their logic of production. The temporality of such projects, however, is an issue that is insufficiently understood. To address this, we study the perceived time frame of teams that work on creative projects and its effects on project dynamics....

The Dutch shipbuilding industry has a longstanding tradition in project-based production. Recently, industry actors have acknowledged a serious misfit between interorganizational project practices, defined as behaviors related to collaboration, and interorganizational project demands, defined as environmental conditions. This misfit leads to a weak...

Although social influence on consumers’ behaviour has been recognized and documented, the vast majority of empirical consumer studies about sustainable products considers mainly, if not only, individual characteristics (socio‐demographic attributes, individual environmental attitudes, etc.), to explain the decision to buy sustainable products. Maki...

KNOBEN J. and OERLEMANS L. A. G. Configurations of inter-organizational knowledge links: does spatial embeddedness still matter?, Regional Studies. The actor composition of inter-organizational ego-networks is largely ignored in research on territorial innovation models. To fill this gap, this paper explores with which sets of external actors (that...

Little is known about the determinants of acceptance by the general public of virtual delivery of governmental services. The authors conduct an empirical study of the factors that influence the willingness of individuals to consent to a para-authentic virtual experience with a public sector employee as part of the delivery of a public service. This...

The open innovation model often neglects the frictions that external knowledge flows could encounter when crossing organisational boundaries. This study recognises such barriers and investigates the impact of these barriers on knowledge transfer effectiveness by using data on small new technology-based firms (NTBFs) located in the emerging South Af...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the triple interaction of task conflict, emotion regulation and group temporariness on the emergence of relationship conflict. Design/methodology/approach A field study was conducted to test the interaction of emotion regulation and task conflict on the emergence of relationship conflict in 43 short‐...

Science parks are often established to drive regional economic growth, especially in countries with emerging economies. However, mixed findings on the innovation outcomes of science park firms are reported in the literature. This study systematically identifies innovation outputs used in the science park literature and argues: (a) that firms genera...

A historic first step regarding Green Energy usage in Cape Town, South Africa, was taken in March 2010. The residents of Cape Town now have the opportunity to buy green electricity from the city. However, the actual experience of renewable energy (Green Electricity (GE)) is new to many residents, especially in a developing country such as South Afr...

The open innovation model often neglects the frictions that external knowledge flows may encounter when crossing organizational boundaries. This study recognizes three types of barriers (organizational, technological similarity and contact frequency) and investigates the impact of these barriers on knowledge transfer effectiveness by using data on...

Science parks are often established to drive regional economic growth, especially in countries with emerging economies. However, mixed findings regarding the performances of science park firms are found in the literature. This study tries to explain these mixed findings by taking a relational approach and exploring (un)intended knowledge transfers...

We focus in this study on sets of inter-organizational relationships (IORs) by applying a configurational approach that includes both the diversity and the intensity of knowledge transfer IORs. We use a latent class cluster analysis to empirically explore the kinds of IORs configurations. We then use antecedents derived from the IOR literature to e...

This paper regards the knowledge flows between firms located on a science park as a type of network behaviour and answers three research questions: (1) What are the knowledge exchange behaviours of on-park firms? (2) Can we distinguish different types of behaviour among these firms?, and if so, (3) What are differences between these groups? We take...

Relatively little is known about the importance of different types of external knowledge sources for the innovation outcomes of firms. Recently, several studies have been published that have started to fill this gap by studying the effects of different types of external knowledge sources on the innovativeness of firms. We add to this literature by...

There has recently been noted a rapid increase in research attention to projects that involve outside project partners. Our knowledge of such inter-organizational projects, however, is limited. This paper reports large scale data from a repeated trend survey amongst 2,000 SMEs in 2006 and 2009 that focused on inter-organizational project ventures....

In the recent past, several researchers explored the added-values of Science Parks. On the basis of empirical research, some questioned the assumed benefits of the science park model, whereas others reported positive outcomes. As a result, mixed findings regarding the benefits of science parks for firms can be observed. These mixed empirical findin...

There has recently been noted a rapid increase in research attention to projects that involve outside partners. Our knowledge of such inter-organizational projects, however, is limited. This paper reports large scale data from a repeated trend survey amongst 2000 SMEs in 2006 and 2009 that focused on inter-organizational project ventures. Our major...

Since the 1990s there has been a rapid growth of science parks, often established to function as engines of (regional) economic growth. Knowledge exchange between on-park firms in general, and between these firms and universities in particular, is one of the key characteristics of a science park. This paper regards knowledge exchange as a type of n...

This paper discusses the results of an ex post evaluation of the Southeast Brabant cluster scheme in the Netherlands. This scheme, which ran from 1994 through 2005, supported new product development of small and medium-sized enterprises and used temporary collaboration between organisations as a means to stimulate product innovation among SMEs and...

The social network perspective refers to a tradition in social science which focuses on the joint activities of, and continual exchanges between, participants in a social system. This perspective is characterized by an interest in the recurrent relationship patterns that connect the actors that make up a system's social structure. This article cons...

This paper studies the impact of the diversity of domestic and international innovation partnerships on the innovation outcomes of South African firms. A number of competing hypotheses are formulated and tested empirically using a sample of South African firms in manufacturing and services by applying Ordinary Least Squares regression analyses. Res...

In the recent past, several researchers explored the added-values of Science Parks. On the basis of empirical research, some questioned the assumed benefits of the science park model, whereas others reported positive outcomes. As a result, mixed findings regarding the benefits of science parks for firms can be observed. An important criterion in an...

The concepts of organizational slack and innovation are central elements in the literature. Innovation is of central importance as it is vital for organizational renewal and survival. The literature stands divided on the effect of organizational slack, which can be defined as the pool of resources in organizations that is in excess of the minimum n...

In economics, business, and government policy, innovation policy requires the creation of new approaches to a whole range of activities. This edited volume engagingly explores the roles of individuals and organizations involved in the creation and application of innovations. Covering topics as diverse as the macro-economic importance of innovation,...

The existing literature on the spatial mobility of firms neglects inter-organizational relations. This is striking since there is a strong theoretical argument that firms with a high level of (localized) embeddedness are unlikely to relocate. Therefore, the following research question is posed: To what extent is the level of embeddedness of firms i...

This paper focuses on technological collaboration between small and large firms. It is argued that such collaborations can be beneficial for both types of partner, but that small firms often are confronted by the hazards of collaboration as these relationships are typically asymmetric. As a result of this, knowledge embodied in the dynamic (strateg...

A considerable body of research has analyzed the impact of a firm's geographic position and levels of organizational and territorial embeddedness on its performance. Generally these studies have assumed that firms are immobile. Research that has focused on the effects of the relocation of firms has treated firms mainly as atomistic actors that can...

We report on an attempt to identify the major determinants of innovation in manufacturing and non-manufacturing firms in South Africa. Results are reported using data collected within the frame- work of the South African Innovation Survey of 2001. This theory- based exploratory, empirical research shows that innovative outcomes are influenced by th...

The proximity concept is used in many different ways in the literature. These dimensions of proximity are, however, defined and measured in many different (sometimes even contradictory) ways, show large amounts of overlap, and often are under- or over-specified. The goal of this paper is to specify the different dimensions of proximity relevant in...

The main goal of the research presented in this paper is to provide an overview of the available insights concerning radical changes in inter-organizational network structures. The following research question has been formulated: what is known about the way organizations in networks deal with, and are affected by, radical changes in inter-organizat...

p>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa was one of the first countries in the world that adopted a Systems of Innovation approach as its policy framework. By adopting this approach, one also inherits the problems, pitfalls, and challenges of a framework. This paper evaluates the Systems of Innovation approach from a theoretical, methodological, and policy...

In the literature on learning and innovation, a substantial amount of theorizing on the combination of exploration and exploitation has been conducted (March, 1991; Nooteboom, 2001; Volberda & Lewin, 2002). Two observations can be derived from this literature. On the one hand, the conceptual and theoretical development outpaced the empirical resear...

This paper assesses the X-effectiveness of South Africa's national system of innovation. It focuses on problems that occur in innovation projects, assuming that those problems are indicators of the effectiveness of flows of different institutions into South African innovators. An analysis of some macro-economic trends shows that the South African e...

There is a growing recognition of the central role of technology and knowledge management for market success of organizations. Little is empirically know, however, about this relationship. Drawing on the South African Innovation Survey, a unique dataset on innovative behavior of South African firms in manufacturing and services, this paper investig...

INNOVATION IS WIDELY RECOGNIZED AS A driving force behind economic growth. Despite its importance, not much is known about the innovative behaviour of South African firms. In the study reported here, we compare South African companies with their counterparts in the European Union. A representative sample of 617 South African firms answered question...

Recent theoretical developments in organization science, economic geography and regional economics have emphasized the importance of organizational and geographical proximity for the performance of firms. Empirical evidence on these relationships is scarce, though. The paper asks to what extent firm-specific resources, network activity proximity an...

The results of this study provide empirical insight into factors influencing the early adoption of green electricity by Dutch residential users. Earlier research revealed that early adoption is closely related to social visibility, which is lacking in the case of green power. This raises the question of which factors influence adoption in the absen...

The results of this study provide empirical insight into factors influencing the early adoption of green electricity by Dutch residential users. Earlier research revealed that early adoption is closely related to social visibility, which is lacking in the case of green power. This raises the question of which factors influence adoption in the absen...

Approximately 6% of all firms in the Netherlands decide to relocate every year. Furthermore, the number of firms that has relocated increased dramatically over time. Relatively much is known about the (re)location decision itself. However, much less research focuses on the effects of relocation on the performance of firms. This is remarkable since...

This paper pursues the development and empirical exploration of a theoretical framework that explains the probabilities of interactive learning of innovating firms and actors in the public knowledge infrastructure. Our research question reads as follows: To what extent does the strength of innovator firms' internal knowledge resources, the complexi...

Recent theoretical developments in organisation science and regional economics have emphasised the importance of networks and geographical proximity for the performance of firms. Empirical evidence on these relationships is scarce, though, especially in regional science. In this paper, we address the following research question: to what extent do f...