Leon Gaillard

Leon Gaillard
Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon | INSA Lyon · Energy-Environment-Sustainable Urbanisation Area (EEUD)

Ph.D

About

231
Publications
35,830
Reads
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11,002
Citations
Additional affiliations
January 2012 - present
Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon
Position
  • Engineer
Description
  • INSA/EDF Chair: “Habitats et Energy Innovations”
January 2011 - December 2011
Université Savoie Mont Blanc
Position
  • PostDoc Position
Description
  • CNRS Research Engineer (postdoc) Main responsibility: Project ANR Performance BIPV
Position
  • Head of Academic Research
Education
September 2003 - September 2007
University of Birmingham
Field of study
  • Physics
September 1999 - July 2003
University of Birmingham
Field of study
  • Physics with Astrophysics

Publications

Publications (231)
Poster
Full-text available
This poster introduces a methodology to estimate uncertainties at each step of the modeling chain to generate the Plane-Of-Array (POA) irradiance. 95%-confidence intervals are then generated at a hourly granularity with Monte Carlo simulations. The methodology has been validated in multiple weather stations in Europe.
Article
Full-text available
Inspections of 48 photovoltaic (PV) modules within a 302.4 kWp solar array were undertaken to expose the presence of defects after 12 years of operation under the harsh environmental conditions of Djibouti. To this end, a multiple-technique testing protocol was conducted including visual inspection (VI), infrared thermography (IR), current-voltage...
Article
Full-text available
Photovoltaic (PV) technology is on a great rise and is becoming more accepted by society due to its flexibility and renewable nature. A substantial amount of money has been spent to bring the technology to its current state of performance and reliability. However, relatively less has been invested in addressing externalities that can be impediments...
Article
Full-text available
With the photovoltaic (PV) market significantly growing thanks to the support of environmental incentives, it is essential to address the influence of climate change on PV performances. In the literature, several methodologies have been suggested to measure the effect of climate change through module temperature losses and natural degradation rates...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
In the context of the quick expansion of photovoltaic (PV) capacity, monitoring and correcting system failures are crucial to maximize performance. To reduce these sources of underperformance, a well-rounded knowledge of failures becomes essential. This paper highlights the most critical photovoltaic failure modes using the Failure Mode Effect and...
Poster
Full-text available
In the context of the quick expansion of photovoltaic (PV) capacity, monitoring and correcting system failures are crucial to maximize the performance. To reduce these sources of underperformance, a well-rounded knowledge of failures becomes essential. This paper highlights the most critical photovoltaic failure modes by means of Failure Mode Effec...
Poster
Full-text available
Avec l’augmentation des applications photovoltaïques (PV) à travers le monde et notamment les zones à fort ensoleillement "Sunbelt", il est vital de développer des outils fiables pour calculer le potentiel de production énergétique. Une prédiction précise des paramètres caractéristiques, des modules, des chaines et des rangées de capteurs solaires...
Article
Full-text available
The aim of this study was to evaluate a performance analysis of a 50 MWp solar plant connected to the medium voltage electrical grid installed in the Saharan environment of Nouakchott, Mauritania. This study is done in two seasons characterizing the climate of Nouakchott, then in three typical days based on the measurement data that are obtained fr...
Article
Full-text available
The aim of this study was to evaluate a performance analysis of a 50 MWp solar plant connected to the medium voltage electrical grid installed in the Saharan environment of Nouakchott, Mauritania. This study is done in two seasons characterizing the climate of Nouakchott, then in three typical days based on the measurement data that are obtained fr...
Article
Photovoltaic (PV) installations are being intensively deployed and their capacity are approaching to terawatt around the world. In this context, the long-term performance and reliability of PV modules, component and systems are critical metrics for the economic viability of PV power plants. Furthermore, this is linked to the environmental condition...
Article
Full-text available
Territorial compensations of variability are a lever for smoothing the global photovoltaic production. They may allow a higher penetration rate of photovoltaic production in an energy mix, especially for non-interconnected islands. The aim of this paper is to analyse and optimize the smoothing effects of solar resource on a territory. In that view...
Preprint
Full-text available
This paper presents preliminary operational performance results of a pilot grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system designed and installed on the rooftop of the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy and Mining headquarter in Nouakchott (latitude of 18.1°N and the longitude of 16.0°W), Mauritania. The aim is for the government to demonstrate the relevance of...
Article
Full-text available
The massive deployment of Photovoltaic (PV) energy in cities, which is expected in the coming years, brings new challenges when it comes to controlling power variations inherent to the impact of high PV penetration on the economy, energy exchanges and grid stability. In this perspective, self-consumption, which consists in consuming locally a part...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
RESUME. Le cas d'un bâtiment équipé de systèmes PhotoVoltaïques (PV) sera considéré. Dié-rents indicateurs liés à l'autoconsommation seront dénis, basés sur diérentes approches : éner-gétiques, économiques, impacts réseaux (Luthander et al., 2015). L'intégration des panneaux PV sur l'ensemble des surfaces d'un bâtiment, toiture et façades verticale...
Article
Full-text available
The current climate and energy context is triggering the massive deployment of solar energy technologies in the short term. As a consequence, the number of Photovoltaic (PV) systems that will be set up in urban areas will drastically increase. Such large-scale integration must be guided by careful consideration of a diverse set of criteria, includi...
Article
The main objective of this study is to develop a novel photovoltaic thermal collector (PVT) to improve the electrical and thermal efficiencies of the solar collector. The goal is to maximize the electrical power and minimize the thermal losses of the solar panel. A novel photovoltaic thermal collector is designed and tested. The new PVT collector i...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
L'objectif de ce travail est de fournir de nouvelles données pour les centrales photovoltaïques connectées au réseau opérant dans une région maritime désertique en Afrique de l'Est, caractérisée notamment par une température ambiante élevée et un environnement salin et poussiéreux. À cette fin, un champ de 302,4 kWc composé de modules de silicium m...
Article
A dynamic numerical thermal model has been developed for rooftop building integrated photovoltaic systems, considering a fully or partially integrated configuration, their integration structure and an insulated air gap at the underside. The two-dimensional mathematical model was validated using a test bench representing a residential partially inte...
Article
This paper provides experimental results on the performance of a grid-connected PV power plant operating under dusty, desert maritime climate conditions using data from the first installation of its kind in Djibouti. The first 4 years of operation were evaluated in terms of IEC 61724 measures, and the impact of climate factors was estimated using a...
Presentation
Full-text available
The aim of this study is to provide new data and to estimate degradation rate for grid-connected PV power plants operating in a desert maritime region in eastern Africa characterized in particular by high ambient temperature and a saline, dusty environment.
Article
We present measurements of the near side of triggered di-hadron correlations using neutral strange baryons (Λ,Λ) and mesons (KS0) at intermediate transverse momentum (3 < pT <6 GeV/c) to look for possible flavor and baryon-meson dependence. This study is performed in dAu, CuCu, and AuAu collisions at sNN=200 GeV measured by the STAR experiment at R...
Article
Full-text available
This paper addresses the simulation of a partially transparency, ventilated PV facade integrated into the envelope of an energy efficient building. Such an arrangement exploits the heat transfer between cavity air, the PV façade and the primary wall of the building for the purpose of PV cooling in summer (with natural convection) and heat recovery...
Article
Full-text available
A Photovoltaic-Thermal (PV-T) module is a solar hybrid collector which converts part of incident solar energy into electricity and recovers a fraction of the remainder dissipated as heat.
Article
Full-text available
In this paper we present a collaborative data science project bringing together experts from the fields of physical and information sciences to tackle to challenges and opportunities of analysing large and rich datasets obtained from the monitoring of building integrated PV systems operating in the built environment. We present data mining analysis...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
The impact of environmental conditions (temperature, dust) on the performance of a 300 kWp PV power plant operating in Djibouti since 2012 is presented in this work. The final yield (Yf) ranges from 3.5 h/d and 5.3 h/d giving and annual final yield of 4.5 h/d. The performance ratio (PR) ranges between 71 and 90%. An observation based on the evoluti...
Article
A Photovoltaic–Thermal (PV–T) collector is a hybrid component that converts solar energy in both electricity and heat. A glass covered water-based PV–T prototype has been developed in the framework of a partnership between the CETHIL, EDF R&D and Fraunhofer ISE. It offers an unprecedented level of performance in controlled conditions reaching 87% o...
Article
Full-text available
Building-Integrated Photovoltaic systems (BIPV) represent a promising solution for the local generation of clean electricity combined with cooling or heating through the exploitation of natural convection or mechanical ventilation. In this article we present, through the ADEME project “RESSOURCES”, such components developed on a large scale (and ad...
Poster
Full-text available
Djibouti étant connu pour ses conditions climatiques extrêmes (température, humidité, poussière), la première centrale solaire de grande envergure (300 KWc) a été installée au Centre d’Etude et de Recherche de Djibouti (CERD). Dans cette étude, nous proposons deux méthodes pour l’analyse de performance dans ces conditions de fonctionnement males co...
Article
Building integrated photovoltaic systems are fast becoming a feature of urban landscapes in France and other countries tackling similar pressures to improve the energy footprint of residential and commercial building sectors. As active components of building envelopes, the technology represents a promising solution to the local electrical and therm...
Article
We present a transient coupled thermal and electrical model of BIPV systems installed on rooftops and naturally ventilated through air cavities imposed by building conception rule (ventilation of skeleton). This model realized in TRNSYS software was experimentally validated using five different residential BIPV systems commercially available in Fra...
Article
Naturally ventilated, PV active double skin facades can contribute to both the thermal performance of a building and its electrical energy demand. In such systems, the stack effect is exploited to extract heat from PV modules installed 011 the outer surface. By cooling PV components, electrical performance is improved, and the air drawn through the...
Article
Full-text available
The STAR Collaboration at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider presents measurements of J/ψ→e+e- at midrapidity and high transverse momentum (pT>5 GeV/c) in p+p and central Cu+Cu collisions at √sNN=200 GeV. The inclusive J/ψ production cross section for Cu+Cu collisions is found to be consistent at high pT with the binary collision-scaled cross sect...
Article
The global Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) market was estimated at 1.2 GW in 2010 and is expected to increase at more than 50% compound annual growth rate to reach a capacity of 11 GW in 2015. In particular in France the feed-in tariffs greatly favour such BIPV systems, with an increasing variety of integration structures. One of the specif...
Article
Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems are fast becoming an integral part of urban architecture in Europe. The need for accurate simulations of such systems is of paramount importance, both to provide credible predictions of energy generation, and to enable the establishment of appropriate standards. Here we present a coupled thermal-elect...
Article
Full-text available
Recent interest in the development of energy- efficient buildings is strongly linked to the global challenge of reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the context of fissile and fossil fuel resource depletion. Photovoltaic (PV) systems offer a promising solution for clean local electricity generation and enhanced cooling and/or heating through natura...
Article
Full-text available
Two-particle azimuthal (Δφ) and pseudorapidity (Δη) correlations using a trigger particle with large transverse momentum (pT) in d+Au, Cu+Cu, and Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 62.4 GeV and 200 GeV from the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider are presented. The near-side correlation is separated into a jet-like component, narrow in b...
Chapter
The Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) features in the group of least developed countries (LDCs), with a UNDP Global Human Development Index (HDI) rank of 131 (out of 177 countries) (UN Lao PDR 2009). Significant improvements are primarily impeded by geographic and demographic conditions: 70% of the country is mountainous and thickly forest...
Conference Paper
Since 2006, the government of the Lao PDR has strongly promoted biofuel development, on the basis of national energy security concerns, and interests for rural development. As a result, many farmers were encouraged to cultivate jatropha as a biofuel feedstock through government campaigns and private sector investment. For most, the return on their...
Conference Paper
This paper is a concept note on Sunlabob's latest innovation to tackle the challenge of rural electrification using renewable energy sources in developing countries. A technical and operational description is given of a rechargeable battery lantern and solar charging station rental scheme. Sunlabob has developed a package based upon a village entre...
Conference Paper
This paper is a concept note on Sunlabob's latest innovation to tackle the challenge of rural electrification using renewable energy sources in developing countries. A technical and operational description is given of a rechargeable battery lantern and solar charging station rental scheme, which at the time of writing was at a pilot implementation...
Article
Full-text available
The results of midrapidity (0<y<0.8) neutral pion spectra over an extended transverse momentum range (1<pT<12 GeV/c) in √sNN=200 GeV Au+Au collisions, measured by the STAR experiment, are presented. The neutral pions are reconstructed from photons measured either by the STAR Barrel Electro-Magnetic Calorimeter or by the Time Projection Chamber via...
Article
Full-text available
Forward-backward multiplicity correlation strengths have been measured with the STAR detector for Au+Au and p+p collisions at sNN=200GeV. Strong short- and long-range correlations (LRC) are seen in central Au+Au collisions. The magnitude of these correlations decrease with decreasing centrality until only short-range correlations are observed in pe...
Article
Full-text available
We present a systematic analysis of two-pion interferometry in Au+Au collisions at √sNN=62.4 GeV and Cu+Cu collisions at √sNN=62.4 and 200 GeV using the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The multiplicity and transverse momentum dependences of the extracted correlation lengths (radii) are studied. The scaling with charged...
Article
Full-text available
We report K/pi fluctuations from Au + Au collisions at sqrt[s(NN)]= 19.6, 62.4, 130, and 200 GeV using the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. K/pi fluctuations in central collisions show little dependence on incident energy and are on the same order as those from NA49 at the Super Proton Synchrotron in central Pb + Pb collisions...
Article
We present the multiplicity and pseudorapidity distributions of photons produced in Au + Au and Cu + Cu collisions at and 200 GeV. The photons are measured in the region −3.7<η<−2.3 using the photon multiplicity detector in the STAR experiment at RHIC. The number of photons produced per average number of participating nucleon pairs increases with t...
Article
Full-text available
We report the measurement of charged D* mesons in inclusive jets produced in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy √s=200 GeV with the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. For D* mesons with fractional momenta 0.2<z<0.5 in inclusive jets with 11.5 GeV mean transverse energy, the production rate is found to be N(D*++...
Article
We present results on the system size dependence of high transverse momentum di-hadron correlations at as measured by STAR at RHIC. Measurements in d+Au, Cu+Cu and Au+Au collisions reveal similar jet-like near-side correlation yields (correlations at small angular separation – Δϕ∼0, Δη∼0) for all systems and centralities. Previous measurements have...
Article
Full-text available
In ultraperipheral relativistic heavy-ion collisions, a photon from the electromagnetic field of one nucleus can fluctuate to a quark-antiquark pair and scatter from the other nucleus, emerging as a rho{0}. The rho{0} production occurs in two well-separated (median impact parameters of 20 and 40 F for the cases considered here) nuclei, so the syste...
Article
Full-text available
Identified charged-particle spectra of π±, K±, p, and p̅ at midrapidity (|y|<0.1) measured by the dE/dx method in the STAR (solenoidal tracker at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider) time projection chamber are reported for pp and d+Au collisions at √sNN=200 GeV and for Au+Au collisions at 62.4, 130, and 200 GeV. Average transverse momenta, tot...
Article
Full-text available
We study the beam-energy and system-size dependence of ϕ meson production (using the hadronic decay mode ϕ→K+K−) by comparing the new results from Cu+Cu collisions and previously reported Au+Au collisions at and 200 GeV measured in the STAR experiment at RHIC. Data presented in this Letter are from mid-rapidity (|y|<0.5) for 0.4<pT<5 GeV/c. At a gi...
Article
Full-text available
Three-particle azimuthal correlation measurements with a high transverse momentum trigger particle are reported for pp, d+Au, and Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV by the STAR experiment. Dijet structures are observed in pp, d+Au and peripheral Au+Au collisions. An additional structure is observed in central Au+Au data, signaling conical emi...
Article
Full-text available
We present measurements of net charge fluctuations in Au+Au collisions at √sNN=19.6, 62.4, 130, and 200 GeV, Cu+Cu collisions at √sNN=62.4 and 200 GeV, and p+p collisions at √s=200 GeV using the dynamical net charge fluctuations measure ν+-,dyn. We observe that the dynamical fluctuations are nonzero at all energies and exhibit a modest dependence o...
Article
Full-text available
We measure directed flow (v_{1}) for charged particles in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 and 62.4 GeV, as a function of pseudorapidity (eta), transverse momentum (p_{t}), and collision centrality, based on data from the STAR experiment. We find that the directed flow depends on the incident energy but, contrary to all available mode...
Article
Full-text available
We present results for the measurement of $\phi$ meson production via its charged kaon decay channel $\Phi$ -> K+K- in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}$=62.4,130, and 200 GeV, and in p+p and d+Au collisions at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}$=200 GeV from the STAR experiment at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The midrapidity (|y|<0.5)$\Phi$ meson...