Leo Dubal

• PhD
• Senior Researcher at virtual laboratory for archaeometry

The invention of coinage may be seen as a spinoff of the singular geopolitical context of the Double Sunset on May 28 th ,-584 at the banks of the Halys river, where the Lydian king Alyattes staged the end of the Lydo-Medes war. Regarding the technological level at that date, we highlight the remarkable know-how of the neo-Babylonian lapicides in e...

Coins are like fossils of time. They resist to Time and combined with ancient solar eclipses original reports, they present chronological information which, contrary to copied manuscripts, generally avoid the risk of forgery.

Science started with the combined observation of natural events with an efficient writing system to keep memory of them. Before the Phoenician Thales had reached the age of 37, the sky over the City of Miletus had been the scene of ten solar eclipses. Those that Thales observed were enough for him to recognize the time series patterns behind his fa...

Que savons-nous de Thalès de Milet ? Comment a-t-il pu prédire au roi lydien Alyattès l’éclipse de soleil qui mit fin à la guerre lydo-mède, alors que Thalès ne connaissait pas encore le Saros, cette période de 223 lunaisons permettant de la prédiction des éclipses?

How did Thales of Miletus foretell a Solar eclipse without the help of the Saros cycle.

The 2023 Canon of OASE is based on a constant deceleration Model of the Earth's rotation : DeltaT = a + c * t** 2 [s] où t = (36524.24)-1 *(JD-2'378'497) [cy] with JD o : +1800.01.01 Retrodictions are generated by Xavier JUBIER's 5MCSE freeware in the &dT=xxxx url-mode. The parameters a=-20 [s] and c=32.4 [s cy-2 ] comply the following requiremen...

Chaque aire culturelle importante a inventé sa manière d’écrire la date d’un évènement. Aujourd’hui encore, le millésime des anciennes monnaies reste le point d’ancrage des ères calendaires. La synchronisation d’un calendrier par rapport à un autre reste ambigüe. Pour lever ces ambiguïtés, nous avons utilisé les éclipses de soleil décrites dans les...

Originally prepared for the now cancelled uispp 2021 Conference, this video-lecture gives an overview of my findings related to time ‘s perception through the last 35’000 years . It is a summary of my researches in chronology of the last two decades. Trained as High-energy physicist, my approach differs from those of academical historians. Let’s ho...

Loin des évaluations archéologiques, l’archéométrie est une mesure, la mesure de l’ancienneté d’un artefact. 1500 ans avant l’invention de l’imprimerie, certains artefacts étaient déjà porteurs d’un colophon indiquant la date calendaire & le lieu de fabrication. Pour la date, le référentiel ou ligne de temps était ordinairement sous-entendu. Une fo...

This 2020 Canon of OASE is based on a constant deceleration Model of the Earth's rotation ∆T = a + c * t 2 [s] où t = (36524.24)-1 *(JD-2'378'497) [cy] with JD o : +1800.01.01 Retrodictions are those of Xavier JUBIER's 5MCSE freeware in the "&dT=xxx" url-mode. The parameter a=-20 and c=32.4 have been chosen to comply the following requirements:-c s...

Selection of Reliably Described Ancient Solar Eclipses for Quantization of the Decelarating Rate of Earth Rotation and Chronological Anchorage of cultural eras such as ERA, Common ERA, Hijri, AUC, Nilotic and HuangDi

Calendrical Eras express the will of humankind to control time, but as humankind is diverse, so are Eras. Solar eclipses are the ultimate "pacemaker" able to synchronise those calendars. We identified for each 7 majors Eras one solar eclipse whose date is unambiguously expressed in terms of the concerned cultural Era, whatever its language was.

Un colophon donne la date d'achèvement et le lieu de fabrication d’un manuscrit, et, par extension, d’un artefact. La révolution dans l’écriture des dates avec les chiffres dits arabes est tardive. Malgré l’invention de l’imprimerie, le colophon des livres reste longtemps fidèle aux chiffres romains, alors que celui du premier Écu frappé au balanci...

L’Écriture du Temps, ou Comput d’années partant d’un point fixe est une pratique chronologique initiée par des astronomes Babyloniens en l’an –287 lorsqu’ils décidèrent de nommer l’année en cours 23ème…de l’Ère Séleucide s’entend, et partant du point fixe -310.04.03. Les autres ères millénaires sont, dans l’ordre d’apparition: en -52, l’Ab Urbe Con...

L'Héliocène, période géologique couvrant ces 7000 dernières années, est caractérisée par son niveau de la mer constant. L'arrivée de lumière solaire directe au cours de cette période est attestée par l'apparition de gravures rupestres et des monuments mégalithiques mettant en scène le Soleil. Celle du 2 mars -1336, dix mois lunaires après l'éclipse...

Earth-Moon-Sun Dynamics vs Solar Eclipses Annals

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Dreams in Chinese Characters As examples of ideographic premonition dreams, we have revised and completed the selection of ancient Chinese dreams, translated by G. Soulié, annotated by Marie Bonaparte and published in « Les rêves étudiés par les Chinois » (Revue française de psychanalyse, n˚ 4, 1927). These dreams are recorded in the « Yùxiaji » (M...

AMS dating requires only minute amount of fast growing organic material (desiccated human skin, reef, straw). Eclipse Simulation freeware EMAPWIN of Shinobu TAKESAKO in association with GPS Simulation freeware Google Earth provide now access for a large public to the detailed investigation of relevant past Solar Ephemeredes and Eclipses. New data a...

350 stèles de Carthage ont été tactigraphiées et analysées. Cet atlas donne une vue d'ensemble de ce corpus.

Les origines du Christianisme sont examinées à la lumière de la psychanalyse

Decorative color effects are obtainable on refractory metals by thermal oxidation and anodizing. In the latter case, a wide range of color nuances can be produced by an appropriate choice of voltage. The process is used as a simplified form of tampon anodising for the manufacture of jewelry With the aid of different types of masking techniques it i...

An artifact that can cause an elevation in CT numbers of as much as 20 Hounsfield units toward the apex of the head is described. This artifact was first noted on the EMI CT1010 scanner but has been observed in other scanners as well. Phantom studies of this artifact have revealed that its primary origin is the beam hardening distortion due to the...

Noninvasive tomochemical analysis of normal and pathological brain tissues of seven patients has been performed with the technique of dual energy computed tomography. The variation of the effective atomic numbers observed in this experiment is relatively small, less than 6%, while the variation of the electron density is below 4%. Cerebral patholog...

The cross section for forward protons in the reaction π−d→pX has been measured at 1.046, 1.113 and 1.180 GeV/c. The observed cross section decreases with proton angle, in contrast with an impulse approximation calculation of π−p(n)→π−p(n), but in agreement with a description of the reaction in terms of a ΔΔ-component. Using the cross section estima...

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We have measured the muon momentum in pion decay at rest using a magnetic spectrometer. From the result, pmu+ = (29.787+/-0.005) MeV/c, we deduce a squared muon neutrino mass of (0.23+/-0.54) MeV2/c4.

The P parameter for pi+p scattering at 236.3 MeV has been measured between 50° and 146° c.m. with very low background using a butanol polarized proton target. The resulting D phases are in fair agreement with dispersion relation values.

Tomography so far has used a “passive” property of radiation absorbtion, i. e., variation of the transmission rate. Computerized tomography reconstructs (Fourier analyses) a 2D picture out of a sequence of 1D transmission profiles. The resulting image is therefore axially oriented. The use of the stereoscopic effect of two views of the same object...

Differential cross sections for dp elastic scattering from 60° to 175° center of momentum (c.m.) were measured at 3.43, 4.50, 5.75, and 6.60 GeV/c incident deuteron momentum. The measurements were made with a two-arm magnetic spectrometer, making use of multiwire proportional chamber detectors. The deuterons were accelerated at the Bevatron of the...

A measurement of the complete differential cross section for the reaction pp-->dpi+ at 3.00, 3.20, 3.43, 3.65, 3.83, 4.00, 4.20, and 5.05 GeVc incident proton momentum has been made in an attempt to establish the role of the Delta (1950) in this region. The data show that the previously observed enhancement in the forward cross section between 3 an...

An attempt was made to detect cosmic ray tracks using a pulsed TEA CO2 laser. Within 4 μsec of the passage of a cosmic ray through a pressurized cell, a laser beam of 4 J∕cm2 energy density at 10.6 μ was fired. Pure argon and argon-krypton mixtures were studied at pressures up to 12 atm. Spots of light were seen but no tracks. Laser damage to the c...

Boson production in processes of type NA' --> AX, where A(A') is a light nucleus of atomic number a (a' = a - 1), and X a boson, is probably mediated by the formation of intermediate nucleon-isobars. All available experimental data including the results of the Saclay experiment on np --> dsigma(310) and dp --> He3sigma(310) strongly support the mod...

Compton scattering on protons has been measured at a mean photon energy of 6 GeV and four-momentum transfers -t between 0.06 and 0.60 (GeV/c)2. The differential cross section shows a diffraction-like behaviour. The cross section extrapolated to t=0 is in fair agreement with the optical point. Discrepancies with the vector meson dominance model are...

A 25 smb enhancement (4-5 standard deviations) in a compiled π+π- mass distribution from π-p --> π+π-n is studied. Failing to explain it as an effect of misidentification (accidental kinematic misfits), we propose that it is due to an I = 0 resonance, decaying strongly or electromagnetically. For the strong decay we study a particular model which f...

Experimental confirmation of the structure in the region of the R(1700) meson, in the reaction π− + p → p + R− reported earlier at incident pion momenta of 7 and 12 GeV/c, has been obtained at 11.5 GeV/c with the missing-mass spectrometer. The peaks R1(1630), R2(1700) and R3(1748) have been observed; in addition a peak at 1830 ± 15 MeV, reported by...

The missing-mass spectrum of the A2 meson [M = 1297 ± 16 MeV, Γ = 95 ± 15 MeV] obtained in the reaction π−p → pX− in three independent runs at 6 and 7 GeV/c shows a narrow dip of 6 standard deviations in the centre of the A2 peak at 1297 MeV, thus suggesting a two-peak structure.

The dependence on t of dσ/dt is studied for the processes π−p→ pMM− at 12 GeV/c and 0.26 < |t| < 0.37 (GeV/c)2.

Three narrow peaks with masses 1632 ± 15, 1700 ± 15 and 1748 ± 15, reffered to as R1, R2 and R3, have been observed in missing-mass spectrometer runs at incident pion momenta of 7 and 12 GeV/c and a mass-resolution of ± 15 MeV. One-peak hypothesis gives a confidence level P(χ2)=0.8%; the three-peak one gives P(χ2)=60%. Statistical significance for...

Three new bosons, referred to as S, T and U, have been observed in the reaction π- + p → p + X- using the missing-mass spectrometer; their masses are 1929, 2195 and 2382 MeV, respectively. Their physical widths are equal to our experimental resolution and compatible with zero-width, with the upper limits: Γ ≤ 35, ≤ 13 and ≤ 30 MeV, respectively. Th...