Lendel Kade Narine

Lendel Kade Narine
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Lendel verified their affiliation via an institutional email.
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Lendel verified their affiliation via an institutional email.
Utah State University | USU

Doctor of Philosophy

About

74
Publications
25,753
Reads
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370
Citations
Introduction
Additional affiliations
January 2016 - present
University of Florida
Position
  • Research Assistant
Description
  • Agricultural Extension
January 2012 - December 2013
University of the West Indies, St. Augustine
Position
  • Tutor
Description
  • Research Methodology Quantitative Data Analysis (SPSS, GRETL)
January 2011 - present
University of the West Indies, St. Augustine
Position
  • Research Assistant
Education
January 2016 - January 2019
University of Florida
Field of study
  • Agricultural Education and Communication
September 2010 - July 2013
University of the West Indies, St. Augustine
Field of study
  • Agricultural Economics
September 2007 - June 2010
University of the West Indies, St. Augustine
Field of study
  • Agribusiness Management

Publications

Publications (74)
Article
Full-text available
In this brief article, we discuss the rationale for the Ranked Discrepancy Model (RDM) and best practices. An overview of the history of the RDM and its appropriate usages is offered to create clarity for researchers. We then provide an explanation of the role of tied ranks in determining ranked discrepancy scores (RDS), guidance on the interpretat...
Article
Full-text available
The prevalence of Generative AI (GenAI) and Large Language Models (LLMs) is increasing rapidly. For Extension professionals, the utilization of prompt engineering is key to leveraging GenAI and LLMs effectively. Prompt engineering involves crafting prompts that elicit desired LLM responses. This article discusses prompt engineering principles, prov...
Article
Full-text available
The Produce Safety Alliance (PSA) Grower Training (GT) curriculum was developed to provide produce growers with training that meets requirements in §112.22(c) of the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) Produce Safety Rule (PSR). Four regional food safety centers evaluated course attendees’ knowledge change over four years (2019 to 2022) using a pr...
Article
This brief report outlines a risk assessment conducted at Utah State University (USU) Extension in 2023. The report provides a discussion on the need, value, and use of risk assessments. It also presents an adaptable methodological framework for conducting risk assessments in Extension and an overview of the risk assessment results. Results show th...
Article
Full-text available
The Ranked Discrepancy Model was introduced in 2021 as an alternative for analyzing Borich-style competency-based needs assessment data which avoided the pitfalls associated with the original methods for analysis. In this article, we sought to expand upon that work by developing and testing a new framework to analyze and visualize repeated-measures...
Article
Full-text available
With a limited body of literature examining residents’ preferences for Extension topic areas, this brief report examined the educational interests of Utah residents. It explores opportunities for future programming based on residents’ preferences for topic areas and their information-seeking behaviors. Data were gathered from Utah residents in May...
Article
Full-text available
Barriers to the successful implementation of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) education and outreach initiatives are being documented across higher education institutions as DEI policies and protocols are gaining attention. Despite growing attention to promote DEI in higher education institutions, there remains a need to examine barriers prev...
Article
Full-text available
With structural changes in work arrangements, employee retention becomes more important for organizational success. Guided by the Ability, Motivation, Opportunity (AMO) framework, this study investigated the factors affecting remote workers' job satisfaction and personal wellbeing in Utah. From a sample of n = 143 remote workers, the study used a c...
Article
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This article summarizes results of a study designed to identify essential intercultural competencies for Extension professionals. Recommendations are provided for Extension administrators to inform recruitment and professional development decisions in the broader effort to provide relevant and responsive programming for multicultural audiences. Wri...
Article
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Advances in information and communications technology have enabled organizations to shift traditional work functions away from place or where work is accomplished to how work is accomplished (i.e., task facilitation). With the rise in remote work, there was a need to describe the adoption process by organizations in the United States. Given that th...
Article
Full-text available
Compared to urban counties, Utah's rural counties experienced high levels of unemployment. Informed by a statewide needs assessment, Utah State University Extension developed a remote work leadership course to equip business leaders with knowledge and skills to create remote jobs as a solution to rural unemployment. This descriptive evaluation stud...
Article
Full-text available
Cluster analysis was used to segment horticulture clientele using data from a needs assessment. Gardeners were segmented into two groups based on their horticulture practices. These groups were described using several factors including age and time spent maintaining different garden areas. Results from this study indicate the importance of consider...
Article
Full-text available
Acquiring external grants can seem out of reach for Extension professionals, especially early-career professionals. While Cooperative Extension provides opportunities to assist professionals in the grant writing process, Utah State University (USU) Extension facilitates an internal mini grant program to build professionals’ capacity to apply for ex...
Article
Full-text available
In 1980, Borich presented a new model that allowed errors in an individual’s judgment of self-proficiency to be offset by considering the perception of a group. The model relied upon the calculation of means for competency items measured with ordinal scales, an approach subject to debate in modern times. The purpose of our study was to explore the...
Article
Full-text available
The rapid diversification of workforces and client stakeholder groups has prompted a growing emphasis on diversity, equity, and inclusion as a critical component of professional development across industry sectors. While the proliferation of intercultural competence training models has increased awareness among employers and workforces, the compete...
Article
Full-text available
Forming positive relationships is an important part of the onboarding process for new Extension professionals. Often, formal mentors are assigned to new employees, but they also develop relationships with other colleagues in the organization. Past studies have found quality relationships with mentors and coworkers can positively influence job outco...
Article
Extension programming must continue to evolve by meeting the changing needs and interests of residents. Family and Consumer Sciences agents in Cooperative Extension often utilize community needs assessments to inform future programming. However, a needs-based approach alone may not incorporate residents' interest, which is important for participant...
Article
Full-text available
A needs assessment is a useful tool for prioritizing community needs and allocating resources. Prioritizing community needs helps ensure Extension programs are relevant and targeted towards specific audiences. This study prioritized normative needs of urban and rural Utah residents using a needs assessment framework. Convenience data were gathered...
Article
Full-text available
Program planning and evaluation activities play a critical role in the quality of Extension programs. The literature consistently identifies program planning and evaluation as core Extension competencies. With an increased focus on accountability in Extension, there is a need to ensure Extension professionals are equipped with the most relevant com...
Article
Full-text available
Utah's rural counties have experienced high levels of unemployment compared to the state's urban counties. Utah State University Extension developed a remote work educational program intended to reduce rural unemployment. We conducted a descriptive study to gather data from May-August 2019 participants (N = 1,025). Our results indicate that short-t...
Article
Full-text available
Cooperative Extension strives to deliver relevant programming to residents. However, problems facing communities are increasingly complex. We used a three-phase needs assessment to describe Utah residents' perceptions of issue areas for Extension programming. We gathered data from 1,043 Utah residents. Results highlighted four priority issue areas...
Article
Full-text available
Extension was forced to rapidly adjust its efforts and program delivery methods to respond to clientele needs during the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020. The pandemic presents a range of unique challenges to Extension including revisions to resource allocations and shifts in programmatic focus. Guided by a needs assessment framework, this paper assesses...
Article
Full-text available
The personal effectiveness of Extension agents is a topic continuously researched, yet problems persist, suggesting that not enough is yet known to improve the situation. We undertook a study to determine the personal effectiveness competency training needs of agents in Florida, specifically looking at time management and work–life integration comp...
Article
Full-text available
In the island nation of Trinidad, farmers have access to public extension services provided through the Ministry of Agriculture, Land and Fisheries but still struggle to get the information they need in a timely manner. Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) offer opportunities to improve the relationship between Extension and farmers. This...
Article
Full-text available
Purpose: The effectiveness of new extension approaches hinges on farmers’ willingness to adopt innovative ways to interact with extension. Therefore, this study explored farmers’ willingness to use mobile text messaging for two-way interactions with Ministry Extension officers. Design/Methodology/Approach: Guided by the Unified Theory of Acceptance...
Article
Extension’s ability to purposively develop the capacity of its agents to effectively work with and lead people is limited by a lack of data that identifies for which competencies agents need training. Interpersonal leadership competencies are widely recognized as important for Extension professionals and the literature indicates they are linked wit...
Article
Determining strategies for success within the urban environment is necessary for Cooperative Extension to accomplish its mission, particularly given the large percentage of Americans who now reside in or near cities. Three levels of needs exist within a system such as Extension: primary user, service provider, and system resources. A needs assessme...
Article
Full-text available
The Ministry Extension struggled to provide adequate services to Trinidadian farmers because of a reliance on top-down methods. Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) have been touted as an effective and efficient way to serve farmers in the Caribbean. This study sought to describe the factors affecting Ministry Extension officers’ decisions...
Article
Full-text available
The Cooperative Extension System has a high turnover rate. Studies indicate a need to improve collaboration and communication efforts between agents to improve their retention. This exploratory study used a social capital lens to investigate agents’ collegial relationships and access to information. Cross-sectional data were collected from a nonran...
Article
This research sought to investigate the dependence on farm visits in selected Caribbean islands, and estimate the impact of such visits on farmers’ satisfaction with extension. The study utilized a causal-comparative design using a convenience sample from six major farming countries in the Eastern Caribbean. Descriptive frequencies, ANOVA, principa...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
The purpose of the study was to explore the adoption of irrigation technologies by farmers in southwestern Grenada. Specifically, the objectives were to describe the rate of adoption of four irrigation technologies and to determine the influence of perceived characteristics of drip irrigation on its adoption and diffusion. Rogers (2003) theorized r...
Conference Paper
The purpose of the study was to explore the adoption of irrigation technologies by farmers in northern Grenada. Specifically, the objectives were to describe the rate of adoption of four irrigation technologies and to determine the influence of perceived characteristics of drip irrigation on its adoption and diffusion.
Conference Paper
The purpose of this study was to retrospectively explore factors influencing students’ intent to enroll in an undergraduate or postgraduate program in agriculture at the University of the West Indies. Specifically, the study focused on intent to enroll in collegiate agricultural programs as a function of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived be...
Conference Paper
The traditional individual farm visit, effectively used in the past to provide services for the few large plantations, is still being used, even though the agricultural landscape has changed. Ganpat et al. (2015) noted such a personalized service cannot be sustained in era of severe financial constraints. Farm visits have been shown to be a very co...
Article
Full-text available
Food security is a complex global problem that will require the interaction of a wide variety of people to solve. Although food insecurity has been reduced in Latin American and the Caribbean in the last decade, national governments in the region are still enacting policies to help further address the situation. In 2012, the government of Trinidad...
Article
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Trinidad has an aged farming population. For a host of reasons, young persons are not entering the sector; therefore these aged farmers will continue to be the backbone of the industry. Hence, there is much need for focus to be placed on improving the health and safety of these workers within this sector. A first time study assessed the prevalence...
Article
Full-text available
Studies have shown that Trinidad has an aged farming population. Young persons are not entering the sector. As such, older farmers will continue to be the backbone of Trinidad’s agricultural sector. There is urgent need for focus to be placed on improving the state of occupational health and safety within this sector. This study sought to determine...
Article
Full-text available
The Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) is a political union of seven Caribbean countries. The OECS depends on agriculture for economic wellbeing. The issues that confront extension in the OECS presently appear to revolve around the problem of farmers' trust in the extension officers and extension as a whole. This study sought to measur...
Conference Paper
This paper proposes an alternative route to sustainability and welfare measurement, building on the principles of hedonic valuation methods. Countries will necessarily differ in their level of environmental impact and resource depletion and national income measures will be affected by this. We examine how the welfare effects from environmental and...
Conference Paper
The exploitation of Trinidad and Tobago’s non-renewable hydrocarbons in earlier years fueled economic growth but, the economy slowed significantly in recent years. This indicated productivity deficiencies in capital resources. With uncertain productivity levels of capital stock; this study evaluated if Trinidad and Tobago’s economy was converging t...
Conference Paper
Food insecurity and undernourishment are global issues that plague hundreds of millions of individuals daily. In 2012-2013, 842 million were said to be suffering from chronic hunger (FAO, IFAD & WFP, 2013). Caribbean countries, such as Trinidad and Tobago are not exempt from this struggle, with about 17 percent of the population below the poverty l...
Conference Paper
There are approximately 20,000 farmers in Trinidad and most are above 50 years old (ECLAC 2013). These farmers will continue to be the backbone of the industry as younger persons are slow to enter the sector. For sustainable food production and national food security, actions must be engaged to maintain health and safety of farmers on farm. No stud...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
In many developing countries, delivery of extension services to farmers are constrained by limited resources and as a result, there has been a reduction in funded programmes provided by the public extension (FAO, 1997). Currently, there is a pluralistic extension system in Trinidad and Tobago, all of which are free to farmers. As such, the introduc...
Article
Full-text available
Given the complexity of consumer demand in the global marketplace and the need for agricultural growth in developing countries, successful farmers must be able to maximize profit, minimize costs and be competitive. While tomatoes are produced under various agronomic conditions employing different agronomic models and varieties, the differentiation...
Article
As income levels and knowledge of food safety increases, consumers are more deliberate in their purchasing decisions. This study examined the factors that influenced consumers’ purchasing decisions relating to the quality of tomatoes. A convenient sample of 373 consumers was interviewed with a structured questionnaire. Results indicated that price...
Article
Full-text available
The purpose of this study was to explore farmers’ knowledge of food security issues in Trinidad. Such information can be used to develop appropriate extension training interventions. Using a Borich (1980) methodology, a total of 300 agricultural producers in Trinidad were surveyed with an instrument that consisted of two parts: (a) personal demogra...
Research
Full-text available
A description of efforts made to measure welfare, with special consideration to Dasgupta's work on "The Welfare Economic Theory of Green National Accounts" (2008)
Research
Full-text available
Discounting future cash flows: Emphasis on projects with long time horizons
Research
Full-text available
A modified derivation of Solow's growth model
Article
Full-text available
As income levels and knowledge of food safety increases, consumers are more deliberate in their purchasing decisions. This study examined the factors that influenced consumers' purchasing decisions relating to the quality of tomatoes. A convenient sample of 373 consumers was interviewed with a structured questionnaire. Results indicated that price...
Article
Full-text available
The economies of most countries in the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) are dependent on farming, most of which is done mainly by small farmers in mixed cropping systems. The government is also the main provider of extension services. This study sought to assess farmers’ satisfaction with the extensions services and identify areas fo...
Article
Full-text available
Trinidad tomatoes are differentiated only by their physical size. Farmers in many countries have been adopting agronomic differentiation strategies by utilizing various production systems. This project seeks to determine consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for greenhouse-hydroponic (GH) tomatoes when marketed in a hypothetical scenario as a differe...
Poster
Full-text available
Empirical evidence showing the sustainability pathway of the fossil fuel based economy of Trinidad and Tobago using weak theoretical measures of sustainability.
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Consumers are exposed to a wealth of information which drives their purchasing behavior. This study seeks to determine local consumers’ knowledge of genetically modified (GM) crops benefits and assesses their acceptance of such foods as evidenced by their willingness to pay (WTP) for GM tomatoes. The estimated WTP was used a proxy for predicting co...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Trinidad and Tobago (T&T) expanded greatly over previous decades; it is now the global leading exporter of ammonia and the largest supplier of Liquefied Natural Gas to the USA. However, economists view the continued expansion of the energy sector as unsustainable as it comes at a considerable cost to the economy’s future. This study aims to determi...
Conference Paper
The role of extension in Trinidad has widened has widened over the years to beyond agriculture education and may include other rural development services such as access roads, irrigation water subsidies etc. Farmers have continually expressed their dissatisfaction with the extension service they receive at various public for a claiming that Extensi...
Article
Full-text available
This study investigated the innovativeness among vegetable farmers as it contributed to successful farming in Trinidad. Two hundred farmers from the main vegetable growing areas in Trinidad were surveyed. Personal, farm and farmer-related factors were assessed and used to examine relationship with innovativeness, operationalized in this study as th...
Conference Paper
Farmers in Trinidad and Tobago constantly complain about the myriad of problems they confront as they seek to earn a livelihood. Evidence suggests that government has taken several actions to bring relief to farmers over the years. In spite of this, the complaints continue. One reason may be because government is not addressing the main and urgent...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Purpose:-Consumers are exposed to a wealth of information which drives their purchasing behavior. This study seeks to determine local consumers' knowledge of genetically modified (GM) crops benefits and assesses their acceptance of such foods as evidenced by their willingness to pay (WTP) for GM tomatoes. The estimated WTP was used a proxy for pred...
Thesis
Farmers in many countries are adopting product differentiation strategies to achieve better incomes. The tomato market of Trinidad is differentiated based solely on the produce size, rendering any further variation in the tomato product redundant. This eliminates the potential for farmers to receive higher prices through further product differentia...

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