Lenaig G Hemery

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Verified

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• Ph.D.
• Researcher at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

Marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR) approaches are under development to mitigate the effects of climate change by sequestering carbon in stable reservoirs, with the potential co-benefit of local reductions in coastal acidification impacts. One such method is ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE). A specific OAE method is the generation of aqueous alk...

Marine renewable energy (MRE) is increasingly of interest to coastal nations as a source of renewable energy that can support climate change mitigation goals as well as provide secure locally-produced energy for coastal and island communities. MRE extracts power from tidal streams, waves, ocean currents, run of rivers, and gradients in the ocean, w...

Marine CO2 removal (CDR) using enhanced-alkalinity seawater discharge was simulated in the estuarine waters of the Salish Sea, Washington, US. The high-alkalinity seawater would be generated using bipolar membrane electrodialysis technology to remove acid and the alkaline stream returned to the sea. Response of the receiving waters was evaluated us...

Marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR) approaches are under development to mitigate the effects of climate change with potential co-benefits of local reduction of ocean acidification impacts. One such method is ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE). A specific OAE method that avoids issues of solid dissolution kinetics and the release of impurities into...

Global expansion of marine renewable energy (MRE) technologies is needed to help address the impacts of climate change, to ensure a sustainable transition from carbon-based energy sources, and to meet national energy security needs using locally-generated electricity. However, the MRE sector has yet to realize its full potential due to the limited...

Marine renewable energy (MRE) can benefit from broad outreach and engagement with a wide variety of audiences to raise awareness, address concerns about potential environmental impacts, generate public support, build a future workforce, share progress on research and development, and succeed within the larger blue economy. OES-Environmental is an i...

The risk of collision between marine animals (marine mammals, pelagic fish, and diving seabirds) and underwater turbines continues to be the first question raised by regulators for new tidal or riverine energy projects around the world, and the most significant issue that slows down consenting/permitting. The challenges to understanding collision r...

Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is gaining recognition as a necessary action in addition to emissions reduction to prevent some of the worst effects of climate change. Macroalgae aquaculture has been identified as a potential CDR strategy and significant research investments have been made in this area. This article reviews current methods for monitor...

Oceans are expected to become the next great economic frontier, with enormous potential for innovations and development across multiple sectors. To optimize co-benefits for the well-being of people and the planet, it's vital that we pursue the blue economy in a sustainable manner. This Voices asks: where and what are the opportunities to steer a su...

Rough‐toothed dolphins (Steno bredanensis) have a global tropical and subtropical distribution with oceanic, neritic, and island‐associated populations. To inform conservation and management for this species, we used sequences from the mtDNA control region (n = 360), mitogenomes (n = 19), and six nuclear introns (n = 35) to provide multiple lines o...

Marine energy devices must be attached to the seafloor by their foundations, pilings, or anchors, and will have other parts in the water column like the devices themselves, mooring lines, and power export cables running along the seafloor. The installation and presence of these artificial structures will create physical changes that can disrupt or...

Marine energy devices are installed in highly dynamic environments and have the potential to affect benthic and pelagic habitats around them. Regulatory bodies often require baseline characterization and/or post-installation monitoring to determine whether changes in these habitats are being observed. However, a great diversity of technologies is a...

Understanding the environmental effects of marine energy (ME) devices is fundamental for their sustainable development and efficient regulation. However, measuring effects is difficult given the limited number of operational devices currently deployed. Numerical modeling is a powerful tool for estimating environmental effects and quantifying risks....

Marine energy devices are installed in highly dynamic environments and have the potential to affect the benthic and pelagic habitats around them. Regulatory bodies often require baseline characterization and/or post-installation monitoring to determine whether changes in these habitats are being observed. However, a great diversity of technologies...

Marine energy devices harness power from attributes of ocean water to form a sustainable energy source. Knowledge gaps remain about whether marine energy systems can affect the environment, adding another threat to animal populations and habitats already under pressure from climate change and anthropogenic activities. To date, potential environment...

The installation of marine energy systems may affect marine environments, and by extension, marine fish communities. Therefore, biomonitoring is an integral part of assessing impacts on species. Environmental DNA (eDNA) provides a noninvasive alternative to conventional monitoring surveys and the possibility of a more accurate assessment of species...

Many fish species are threatened worldwide by overfishing, contamination, coastal development, climate change, and other anthropogenic activities. Marine renewable energy (MRE) is under development as a sustainable alternative to carbon-based energy sources. Regulators and stakeholders worry that MRE devices will add another threat to fish populati...

Marine renewable energy (MRE) harnesses energy from the ocean and provides a low-carbon sustainable energy source for national grids and remote uses. The international MRE industry is in the early stages of development, focused largely on tidal and riverine turbines, and wave energy converters (WECs), to harness energy from tides, rivers, and waves...

Marine renewable energy (MRE) is under development in many coastal nations, adding to the portfolio of low carbon energy sources that power national electricity grids as well as off-grid uses in isolated areas and at sea. Progress in establishing the MRE industry, largely wave and tidal energy, has been slowed in part due to uncertainty about envir...

Ptilocrinus amezianeae is a Vulnerable Marine Ecosystem (VME) indicator species and often collected in numbers locally. P. amezianeae has been described to be restricted to oligotrophic habitats and, as a member of the family Hyocrinidae, a rare organism. Here we model P. amezianeae suitable habitat using BRT (Boosted Regression Trees) and an itera...

A huge barcoding effort has been ongoing since the last IPY (2007-2008) and resulted in a wealth of taxonomic findings. New species as well as yet unrecognised variants have been discovered and described. In parallel, conservation planning in Antarctica has strengthened with the enforcement of the Heard Island and McDonald Islands (HIMI) Marine Res...

The present dataset is a compilation of georeferenced occurrences of asteroids (Echinodermata: Aster-oidea) in the Southern Ocean. Occurrence data south of 45°S latitude were mined from various sources together with information regarding the taxonomy, the sampling source and sampling sites when available. Records from 1872 to 2016 were thoroughly c...

Environmental assessment studies are usually required by a country's administration before issuing permits for any industrial activities. One of the goals of such environmental assessment studies is to highlight species assemblages and habitat composition that could make the targeted area unique. A section of the Oregon continental slope that had n...

Species flocks ( SF s) fascinate evolutionary biologists who wonder whether such striking diversification can be driven by normal evolutionary processes. Multiple definitions of SF s have hindered the study of their origins. Previous studies identified a monophyletic taxon as a SF if it displays high speciosity in an area in which it is endemic (cr...

With increasing cascading effects of climate change on the marine environment, as well as pollution and anthropogenic utilization of the seafloor, there is increasing interest in tracking changes to benthic communities. Macrofaunal surveys are traditionally conducted as part of pre-incident environmental assessment studies and post-incident monitor...

In 2014 the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) entered into Intra-agency agreement M13PG00037 to map an area of the Oregon Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) off of Coos Bay, Oregon, under consideration for development of a floating wind energy farm. The BOEM requires seafloor mapping and site characterization...

Aim Populations of several sea star species were devastated by a disease in 2013–2014 from Alaska to Baja California. However, their exact distributions and ecological requirements are unknown and better knowledge could help identify populations that are at risk. This study aimed to assess patterns of distribution and determine ecological requireme...

As human impacts and demands for ocean space increase (fisheries, aquaculture, marine reserves, renewable energy), identification of marine habitats hosting sensitive biological assemblages has become a priority. Epifaunal invertebrates, especially the structure-forming species, are an increasing conservation concern as many traditional (bottom-con...

About 55 species of sea stars live on the Pacific Northwest continental shelf. Starting in June 2013 about 20 species suffered from the sea star wasting disease (SSWD) that occurred from Alaska to Baja California. This disease drastically altered population densities and potentially species distributions in most of the intertidal areas. However, se...

As human impacts and demands for ocean space increase (fisheries, aquaculture, marine reserves, renewable energy), identification of marine habitats hosting sensitive biological assemblages has become a priority. Epifaunal invertebrates, especially the structure-forming species, are an increasing conservation concern as many traditional (bottom-con...

The wave and wind climates along the west coast of North America provide some of the best prospects for offshore renewable energy development, yet initial assessments of the seafloor have been patchy. The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) requires knowledge of the seafloor environment and of seafloor-associated (benthic) organisms that may b...

The taxonomy of the genus Antedon de Fréminville, 1811 has traditionally been a challenging issue for marine zoologists. Antedon comprises some of the best-studied feather stars, including the first crinoid species ever described. However, despite being abundant dwellers of thoroughly studied Atlanto-Mediterranean coastal ecosystems, the taxonomy a...

A new phylogeny in parallel to a high resolution sampling in the Southern Ocean has helped develop a better understanding of the crinoid diversity south of the Polar Front. Eléaume (2006) had listed a total of 38 species in 20 genera and 6 families. The barcoding approach has permited to construct a reference database that has helped identify 1- co...

The Antarctic continental shelf has undergone cycles of glaciations for millions of years since the onset of ice sheets about 35 Mya. This succession is suspected to have driven cycles of genetic divergence within benthic species, and enhanced the Antarctic “biodiversity pump”. The use of DNA sequencing and molecular analyses for the Antarctic bent...

the Kerguelen Plateau possesses a very diverse benthic fauna. over the years, the number of species recorded from the Kerguelen has substantially increased. From 172 species reported by Arnaud (1974), the total number of species has increased dramatically to 735 (Jouventin et al., 1996) and then to 960 in the present study. this area is particularl...

The first crinoid species described from the Southern Ocean were dredged during the Challenger expedition (1872–1876). Carpenter (1884, 1888) was the first crinoid expert to study the Southern Ocean crinoid fauna. Immediately following the Antarctic expeditions of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Clark (1915), Mortensen (1917), John (1938, 1...

Different approaches to the significance of morphological characters have led to alternative opinions on the phyletic affinities within the class Crinoidea. The molecular approach developed in this work represents a new, extensive, independent dataset that allows the testing of alternative crinoid inter-relationship hypotheses. We sampled 105 speci...

The extant crinoid fauna results from more than 485 Myr of evolution (from Early Ordovician). Detailed morphological studies on extant crinoids document large intraspecific variations, strong changes through ontogeny with various mosaics of heterochronic development, and adaptive characters which depend on environment, mainly hydro - dynamics and f...

Echinoderms from Reunion Island have been studied mostly from west coast reefs. A recent faunal inventory (BIOLAvE) was conducted on the underwater lava flows of Piton de La Fournaise and constitutes the first submarine survey on the south-east side of the island. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the species richness in the different ec...

There has been a significant body of literature on species flock definition but not so much about practical means to appraise them. We here apply the five criteria of Eastman and McCune for detecting species flocks in four taxonomic components of the benthic fauna of the Antarctic shelf: teleost fishes, crinoids (feather stars), echinoids (sea urch...

The Antarctic continental shelf has undergone cycles of glaciations for millions of years since the onset of ice sheets about 35 Mya. This succession is suspected to have driven cycles of genetic divergence and allopatric speciation within benthic species, and enhanced the Antarctic “biodiversity pump”. It is unlikely that the totality of the organ...

This circumpolar dataset of the comatulid (Echinodermata: Crinoidea) Promachocrinus kerguelensis (Carpenter, 1888) from the Southern Ocean, documents biodiversity associated with the specimens sequenced in Hemery et al. (2012). The aim of Hemery et al. (2012) paper was to use phylogeographic and phylogenetic tools to assess the genetic diversity, d...

Sampling data associated to the 1307 specimens of Promachocrinus kerguelensis sequenced in Hemery et al. (2012). (doi: 10.3897/zookeys.315.5673.app) File format: Comma-Separated Values File (csv).

a b s t r a c t In 2008 the BIOPEARL II expedition on board of RRS James Clark Ross sailed to the eastern Amundsen Sea Embayment and Pine Island Bay, one of the least studied Antarctic continental shelf regions due to its remoteness and ice cover. A total of 37 Agassiz trawls were deployed at depth transects along the continental and trough slopes....

Si les êtres les plus extrêmophiles sont des procaryotes, des eucaryotes unicellulaires et des métazoaires vivent aussi dans des milieux que l’on pensait incompatibles avec la vie. L’océan qui entoure le continent Antarctique et le plancher océanique sont deux milieux aux caractéristiques physiques particulières qui abritent, l’un, une diversité ri...

The marine invertebrates barcoding effort engaged at the MNHN contributed to many different projects. First, an unprecedented sample of Antarctic crinoids has been barcoded revealing probable cryptic speciation within different taxa. For example, seven sympatric COI lineages can be distinguished within the broadcaster Promachocrinus kerguelensis, a...

More than 45 species of crinoids are known from the Southern Ocean. The greatest diversity is reported from the Weddell Sea and the Peninsula. 50% of the crinoid species are brooders. A few species are very abundant and represent over 80% of the total biomass. Among these, the majority are circumpolar in distribution while being either broadcasters...

Dans le cadre de la création d’un réseau d’Aires Marines Protégées en Antarctique, la zone CEAMARC (Mer Dumont d’Urville) a été retenue comme pouvant faire partie de ce réseau circumpolaire. Les analyses des structures géomorphologiques et des communautés pélagiques de la région suggèrent que la zone CEAMARC présente de forts gradients écologiques....

Sampling at appropriate spatial scales in the Southern Ocean is logistically challenging and may influence estimates of diversity by missing intermediate representatives. With the assistance of sampling efforts especially influenced by the International Polar Year 2007-2008, we gathered nearly 1500 specimens of the crinoid species Promachocrinus ke...

Si les êtres les plus extrêmophiles sont des procaryotes, des eucaryotes unicellulaires et des métazoaires vivent aussi dans des milieux que l’on pensait incompatibles avec la vie. L’océan qui entoure le continent Antarctique et le plancher océanique sont deux milieux aux caractéristiques physiques particulières qui abritent, l’un, une diversité ri...

The comatulid crinoid Anthometrina adriani is well represented among the suspension-feeding megaepibenthos from the continental shelf of the Dumont D’Urville Sea, Antarctica. Nearly 500 specimens were sampled during the Collaborative East Antarctic Marine Census expedition onboard the RV ‘Aurora Australis’ (December 2007 to January 2008), from 50 o...

La biodiversité du plateau continental Antarctique est de mieux en mieux connue. Du gène à la communauté, nos savoirs ont beaucoup progressé en l'espace de quelques années, notamment grâce aux campagnes mises en oeuvre lors de l'Année Polaire Internationale. Lors de la campagne CEAMARC, un effort collaboratif tout particulier a permis de réaliser,...

The comatulid Promachocrinus kerguelensis is one of the most abundant crinoids in the macrobenthos of the Southern Ocean. It is a broadcaster that is able to swim actively. Promachocrinus kerguelensis is thought to show great dispersal capabilities because it produces buoyant pelagic lecithotrophic larva. This species is known to have great morphol...

The crinoid genus Antedon (six species) lives in the NE Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Diagnostic characters overlap, therefore species distributions are unsettled. A. petasus, A. bifida, A. moroccana and A. hupferi are distributed along the Atlantic coast from Scandinavia to Senegal with unknown boudaries. A. mediterranea is found in the Mediterr...

Ptilocrinus amezianeae n. sp. is a new species of stalked crinoid attributed to the family Hyocrinidae. Forty-five specimens were collected from seamounts north of the Ross Sea, and one specimen from the Kerguelen Plateau at depths ranging from 450 to 1,680m. The collection from Admiralty and Scott seamounts constitutes the first example of a hyocr...

Les deux premières campagnes liées au programme de l’IPEV REVOLTA (Radiations EVOLutives en Terre Adélie, n°1124, IPEV) se sont déroulées au cours des étés austraux 2009-2010 et 2010-2011. Les objectifs de ce programme sont : (1) explorer la biodiversité de la faune marine ; (2) caractériser les assemblages que forment ces organismes marins ; (3) t...

Ptilocrinus amezianeae est une nouvelle espèce de Hyocrinidae (Echinodermata) décrite de seamounts au large de la mer de Ross et du Plateau de Kerguelen. La modélisation de la probabilité de présence des P. amezianeae a été réalisée grâce aux données de présence récoltées par les contrôleurs de pêche embarqués sur les palangriers et grâce aux spéci...

Pictures and videos of the benthic communities of the Antarctic shelf show that Deuterostomia, especially ascidians, echinoderms and teleosts, are largely represented in many of the habitats. However, the morphological identification of most species is not easy. Ascidian identification is particularly difficult and requires skilled experts, but eve...

The Dumont d’Urville Sea (East Antarctic region) has been less investigated for DNA barcoding and molecular taxonomy than other parts of the Southern Ocean, such as the Ross Sea and the Antarctic Peninsula. The Collaborative East Antarctic MARine Census (CEAMARC) took place in this area during the austral summer of 2007–2008. The Australian vessel...

For the first time, comatulid crinoid feeding behaviour is used to infer near-bottom current (NBC) directions on the Terre Adélie and George V shelf, East Antarctica. We analysed 47 still-image and video transects sampled during the Collaborative East Antarctic Marine Census (CEAMARC) expedition in 2007–2008. We recorded the inferred current direct...

Au cours des quatre-vingts dernières années plus de 30 campagnes ont été effectuées aux îles Kerguelen (Hureau, 2011), cependant peu de ces campagnes ont permis de récolter du benthos. Ainsi 1961 et 1970, des récoltes benthiques ont été initiées par P. Arnaud, R. Délepine, J.C. Hureau et M. Rannou. Ces récoltes localisées essentiellement en milieu...

La campagne CEAMARC (Collaborative East Antarctic Marine Census) à bord du N.O. australien « Aurora Australis » s’est déroulée pendant l’été austral 2007-2008. Organisée sous l’égide du CAML (Census of Antarctic Marine Life) à l’occasion de l’Année Polaire Internationale, cette campagne réunissant les efforts de scientifiques australiens et françai...

The crinoid genus Antedon is, at best, paraphyletic and assigned to the polyphyletic family Antedonidae. This genus includes ~16 species separated into two distinct groups. One group is distributed in the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea, the other in the western Pacific. Species from the western Pacific group are more closely relat...

Crinoids constitute one of the five extant classes of the phylum Echinodermata. Crinoid classifications generally separate the stalked sea lilies from the stalkless comatulids. However, phylogenetic reconstructions based on morphological and molecular data seem to tell a more complex story. The so-called “stalked” crinoids appear para- or polyphyle...

In crinoids, arms are constituted of a series of articulated ossicles called brachials. When the arm grows up, new brachials add distally which display juvenile characters, whereas more proximal brachials display fully developed articular facet features. Series of brachials therefore represent ontogenetic series. Inter-specific comparison of brachi...

Les « species flocks » sont un type particulier de radiation évolutive qui se produit dans un environnement aux caractéristiques physiques précises. Le plateau continental antarctique présente ces caractéristiques avec deux particularités : son étendue géographique gigantesque, et sa situation en milieu marin. Les caractéristiques biologiques des «...

Crinoids constitute one of the five extant classes of the phylum Echinodermata. Crinoid classifications generally separate the stalked sea lilies from the stalkless comatulids. However, phylogenetic reconstructions based on morphologic and molecular data seem to tell a more complex story. The so-called “stalked” crinoids appear para- or polyphyleti...

Les comatules sont des organismes exclusivement marins appartenant aux crinoïdes. Lescrinoides sont des échinodermes dont le corps est composé d’unités morphologiquesdistinctes : les cirres qui servent à l’ancrage au substrat ; la coupe dorsale qui contient lesorganes ; la couronne, relativement très développée, de bras.Promachocrinus kerguelensis...