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Publications (129)
Introduction
For adolescents with brain injury, challenges with social function often persist into adulthood, impacting social participation and quality of life. The Programme for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills (PEERS) is a manualised group-based intervention with preliminary evidence demonstrating improved social knowledge and p...
Aim
To identify developmental trajectories of impaired hand function in infants aged 3 to 15 months with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP).
Method
Sixty‐three infants (37 male; median gestational age 37 weeks [interquartile range 30–39.1 weeks]) recruited as part of a randomized trial with a confirmed diagnosis of unilateral CP were included. All inf...
Introduction
Reaching social milestones is an important goal of childhood. Children with acquired brain injury (ABI) and cerebral palsy (CP) frequently experience challenges with social functioning and participation. The Programme for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills (PEERS) is a group-based social skills programme for adolescents....
Purpose
To develop a fidelity tool to support the implementation of clinical practice guidelines to improve physical function for children and young people with cerebral palsy.
Methods
Fidelity tool development followed a 5-step process: the pilot study, using a mixed-methods action research approach, and including focus groups, questionnaires, an...
Background
Goal-directed training is an evidence-based occupational therapy intervention for children with cerebral palsy targeting motor performance and goal attainment. There is variability and limited description on goal-directed training delivery within the studies who found it a successful intervention. The aim of this study was to establish t...
Aim
To explore the clinical utility and psychometric properties of standardized tools for the early detection of developmental concerns or disability in young children.
Method
Systematic reviews and clinical practice guidelines containing psychometric data on tools appropriate for use with children from birth to 5 years 11 months were searched for...
Aim
To systematically review the evidence for intensive mobility training in cerebral palsy (CP) and to determine the minimum effective dose to improve mobility.
Method
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi‐RCTs that included participants with CP, and which used intensive task‐oriented training (TOT) mobility interventions and reported mobi...
Aim
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Group social skills interventions (GSSIs) versus any comparator on social functioning in children aged 5–12 years with acquired brain injury or cerebral palsy.
Background
GSSIs are an evidence‐based approach to foster social skills development in children with autism spectrum disorder. Curr...
Introduction
Children with cerebral palsy (CP) participate less in physical activities and have increased sedentary behaviour compared with typically developing peers. Participate CP is a participation-focused therapy intervention for children with CP with demonstrated efficacy in a phase II randomised controlled trial (RCT) to increase perceived p...
Purpose
To investigate the reliability of a measure of fidelity of therapist delivery, quantify fidelity of delivery, and determine factors impacting fidelity in the R ehabilitation EA rly for C ongenital H emiplegia (REACH) clinical trial.
Methods
Ninety-five infants (aged 3-9 months) with unilateral cerebral palsy participated in the REACH clini...
Purpose:
The purpose of this systematic review is to identify evidence-based interventions to promote active motor learning in children aged 2 to 6 years with bilateral cerebral palsy.
Summary of key points:
Seven randomized clinical trials of active motor learning interventions targeting gross motor function and mobility were included. Two stud...
Introduction
It is well established that young people with moderate-severe (Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] levels II-V) cerebral palsy (CP) participate in less physical activity compared to typically developed peers, and children with CP who can walk without limitations (GMFCS level I). Frame Running (formerly RaceRunning) is a...
Aim:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the construct validity of the Both Hands Assessment (BoHA) using activity of the upper limbs as detected by accelerometry in children with bilateral cerebral palsy (CP).
Methods:
Observational study of children with CP (n = 44, n = 27 boys, aged 9.1 ± 1.6 years; Manual Ability Classification Scale I: n...
Introduction
For children with cerebral palsy (CP), who are marginally ambulant, gross motor capacity peaks between 6 and 7 years of age with a subsequent clinical decline, impacting their ability to engage in physical activity. Active Strides-CP is a novel package of physiotherapy targeting body functions, activity and participation outcomes for c...
Introduction
School readiness includes cognitive, socio-emotional, language and physical growth and development domains which share strong associations with life-course opportunities. Children with cerebral palsy (CP) are at increased risk of poor school readiness compared with their typically developing peers. Recently, earlier diagnosis of CP has...
Purpose:
This study explored the experience of adolescents with brain injuries and their caregivers who participated in the Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills (PEERS®) in Australia.
Materials and methods:
Twenty-seven adolescents and 31 caregivers, who completed the PEERS® intervention as part of an RCT, contributed to...
Aim
To describe the development of social function in children with cerebral palsy (CP) classified in all levels of the Communication Function Classification System (CFCS).
Method
This prospective, longitudinal population‐based cohort study recruited children with CP born in Queensland, Australia. Social functioning was measured using the Pediatri...
Objetivo: Fornecer recomendações de intervenções para promoção da função física de crianças e jovens com paralisia cerebral. MÉTODO: Um painel de especialistas priorizou perguntas e desfechos importantes para o paciente. Usando o Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE), o painel avaliou a certeza das evidências e f...
Background
Group social skills interventions (GSSIs) are offered to youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) to improve social functioning. This systematic review focused on the adolescent population, including a wider range of disabilities.
Aims
To evaluate effectiveness of GSSIs at improving social functioning in adolescents with congenital, ac...
Introduction:
Children and youth with moderate-severe (Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels II-V) cerebral palsy (CP) participate less frequently in physical activities compared with peers without CP and have elevated risk of cardiorespiratory morbidity and mortality in adulthood. Frame Running (RaceRunning) is a new athletics...
This letter to the editor is on the Clinical Practice Guide by Jackman et al. on pages 536–549 of this issue.
Aim
To test the efficacy of a group social skills intervention on social functioning in adolescents with a brain injury.
Method
Thirty‐six adolescents (mean age 14y, SD 1y 8mo, age range 12y 1mo–16y 3mo; 17 females) with acquired brain injury (ABI; ≥12mo postintervention; n=19) or cerebral palsy (n=17) were randomly allocated to the Program for th...
Aim
To describe development of gross motor capacity and mobility performance in children with cerebral palsy.
Method
This longitudinal cohort study measured gross motor capacity with the Gross Motor Function Measure and mobility performance with the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) between 18 months and 5 years, and the PEDI – C...
Purpose:
To determine the efficacy of interventions with active parent implementation for young children with cerebral palsy (CP) to improve child and parent outcomes in low-middle income countries (LMICs).
Methods:
Five databases were systematically searched. Randomised or comparison studies evaluating interventions with the training of the par...
Purpose: ParticiPAte CP is a participation-focused therapy intervention that is effective to increase perceived performance of physical activity (PA) participation goals in children with cerebral palsy (CP). We aimed to characterise the contents of ParticiPAte CP using validated behaviour change frameworks.
Materials and methods: Data came from p...
Aim
To provide recommendations for interventions to improve physical function for children and young people with cerebral palsy.
Method
An expert panel prioritized questions and patient‐important outcomes. Using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methods, the panel assessed the certainty of evidence and made...
Background
Accurate diagnosis of cerebral palsy (CP) high-risk status is now possible in infants less than six months corrected age. Parents play a central role in providing nurturing care and implementing early intervention approaches. To design interventions tailored to needs of parents and understand how to improve parental support, this study a...
Introduction
Young children with bilateral cerebral palsy (BCP) often experience difficulties with gross motor function, manual ability and posture, impacting developing independence in daily life activities, participation and quality of life. Hand Arm Bimanual Intensive Training Including Lower Extremity (HABIT-ILE) is a novel intensive motor inte...
Aim
To determine the predictors of magnitude of change in response to a participation‐focused leisure‐time physical activity intervention in children with cerebral palsy (CP) using the ParticiPAte CP protocol.
Method
We included 33 children (16 males, 17 females) aged 8 to 12 years (mean age=10y, SD=1y 6mo) with CP with pre/postintervention data f...
Aim
To examine the relationship between self‐care and bimanual performance in children aged 8 to 12 years with cerebral palsy (CP).
Method
This was a cross‐sectional study of 74 children with CP (unilateral n=30, bilateral n=44; 48 males, 26 females; median age 9y 8mo [25th, 75th centiles 9y 1mo, 10y 8mo], Manual Abilities Classification System le...
Aim
To describe bimanual performance in a sample of Australian children with bilateral cerebral palsy (CP) and, examine the qualitative meaning (or interpretability) of scores on the Both Hands Assessment (BoHA).
Methods
Children with bilateral CP aged 8–12 years (n = 54) classified Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) level I = 20, II = 18...
Purpose:
To determine longitudinal change in sedentary behavior in children with cerebral palsy (CP) from 1.5 to 12 years.
Methods:
Ninety-one children, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I to III, who participated in a large longitudinal cohort study were participants. Longitudinal change was analyzed in objectively measu...
Objective:
The objective of this review is to evaluate the efficacy of group social skills interventions in improving social knowledge, social competency, and social participation in adolescents with acquired and developmental disabilities.
Introduction:
Difficulties with social functioning and participation are commonly experienced by adolescen...
Aim
To investigate self‐care developmental trajectories in children with cerebral palsy (CP) across all functional ability levels, according to Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) levels.
Method
This was a prospective longitudinal population‐based study of 71 children aged from 2 years 6 months to 12 years, with CP (47 [66%] males, 24 [34%...
Introduction:
Neuroplasticity is harnessed through high-intensity or high-dose training. Given the costs and time burden for families of children with cerebral palsy (CP), it is important to quantify which rehabilitation training approaches and doses confer the largest clinical gain. The main objective of this systematic review was to determine an...
This article is commented on by Day on page 159 of this issue.
Aim: To review definitions and elements of interventions in studies, which used the word “functional” to describe their intervention for children with cerebral palsy (CP), and to determine whether definitions and elements are similar to criteria of functional therapy described in the Dutch Guidelines.
Methods: Systematic review of intervention stud...
Introduction
Children with bilateral cerebral palsy often experience difficulties with posture, gross motor function and manual ability, impacting independence in daily life activities, participation and quality of life (QOL). Hand–Arm Bimanual Intensive Training Including Lower Extremity (HABIT-ILE) is a novel intensive motor intervention integrat...
Aim:
To investigate measurement properties and feasibility of upper limb activity measures in children aged 5-18 years with bilateral cerebral palsy (CP).
Methods:
Five electronic databases were searched to identify measures of upper limb activity with published psychometric data for children with bilateral CP aged 5-18 years. Measures included...
Introduction
Adolescents with brain injury frequently have difficulties with social competence, which persist into adulthood affecting their participation in daily life. To date, there has been limited research into the efficacy of social competence interventions in this population. Research from the Program for the Education and Enrichment of Rela...
Neuromotor performance in infants before and after early open-heart surgery and risk factors for delayed development at 6 months of age – ERRATUM - Volume 29 Issue 2 - Miranda J. Campbell, Jenny M. Ziviani, Christian F. Stocker, Asaduzzaman Khan, Leanne Sakzewski
Aim
To examine the stability over time of the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) levels in children with cerebral palsy (CP) aged 18 to 60 months.
Method
This was a prospective longitudinal population‐based study of 252 Australian children (160 males [63%] 92 females [37%]; mean age [SD] 41.7mo [14], range 17.2mo–69.2mo) with CP. Children...
Objective
To determine the efficacy of a participation-focused therapy (ParticiPAte CP) on leisure-time physical activity goal performance and satisfaction and habitual physical activity (HPA) in children with cerebral palsy (CP).
Design
Randomized waitlist-controlled trial.
Setting
Home and community.
Participants
Thirty-seven children Gross Mo...
Aim
To identify developmental trajectories of hand function in infants aged 3 months to 12 months with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP).
Method
Infants at high risk of unilateral CP were recruited from 3 months of age from follow‐up programmes and clinics in Sweden, the Netherlands, Italy, and Australia. Measurements on the Hand Assessment for Infan...
Background
Early identification of infants with CHD at heightened risk of developmental delays can inform surveillance priorities. This study investigated pre-operative and post-operative neuromotor performance in infants undergoing open-heart surgery, and their developmental status at 6 months of age, to identify risk factors and inform care pathw...
Aim
To describe longitudinal development of self‐care and its relationship to manual ability in children with cerebral palsy (CP) aged 18 months to 5 years across all functional abilities.
Method
This was a prospective longitudinal population‐based study of 290 children with CP (178 [61%] males, 112 [39%] females). Self‐care was assessed using the...
Introduction
There is strong evidence that goal-directed occupational therapy achieves improvements in motor and self-care outcomes for children with unilateral cerebral palsy. This pilot study aimed to describe collaborative goals set in occupational therapy sessions, develop categories to describe session content and determine the percentage of i...
Purpose:
To evaluate the validity of the ActiGraph accelerometer (AG) to differentiate between standardized, physical activity tasks using oxygen consumption ((Equation is included in full-text article.)O2) as the criterion measure in children and adolescents with an acquired brain injury; to determine vector magnitude activity intensity cut-point...
Objectives
Congenital hemiplegia is the most common form of cerebral palsy (CP). Children with unilateral CP show signs of upper limb asymmetry by 8 months corrected age (ca) but are frequently not referred to therapy until after 12 months ca. This study compares the efficacy of infant-friendly modified constraint-induced movement therapy (Baby mCI...
Introduction
Children with cerebral palsy (CP) participate in leisure-time physical activities (PA) less often, with less intensity and reduced diversity than their typically developing peers. Participation in leisure-time physical activities may be an important source of habitual physical activity (HPA) for children with CP, who as a group have lo...
Objectives
Cerebral palsy (CP) remains the world’s most common childhood physical disability with total annual costs of care and lost well-being of $A3.87b. The PREDICT-CP (NHMRC 1077257 Partnership Project: Comprehensive surveillance to PREDICT outcomes for school age children with CP) study will investigate the influence of brain structure, body...
Aim:
Assessing the neurodevelopmental status of infants with congenital heart disease before surgery provides a means of identifying those at heightened risk of developmental delay. This study aimed to investigate factors impacting clinical feasibility of pre-operative neurodevelopmental assessment of infants undergoing early open heart surgery....
Aim:
To examine characteristics associated with physical activity capacity and performance in children with acquired brain injury (ABI).
Methods:
58 children (32 men; age 11 years 11 months ± 2 years 6 months; Gross motor function classification system [GMFCS] equivalent I = 29, II = 29) >12 months post ABI were recruited. Physical activity capa...
Aim
To determine efficacy of therapy and behaviour change interventions to increase the level of participation in leisure-time physical activities (LTPAs) and habitual physical activity in children and young people with cerebral palsy.
Method
Five databases were systematically searched. Included studies were randomized or comparison designs. Method...
Aim:
To estimate the cost-effectiveness of the Mitii training system for improvements in upper limb function for children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP). Mitii is a web-based programme delivered at home with set-up and monitoring by therapists.
Method:
A randomized controlled trial was conducted comparing the Mitii training programme to usu...
Background:
Incomplete reporting of components of interventions limits uptake of evidence into clinical practice.
Aims:
To evaluate the completeness of reporting of research and control interventions in randomised trials of upper limb therapies for children with unilateral cerebral palsy.
Methods and procedures:
Sixty randomized trials were in...
Aim: To examine the reproducibility in measurement of physical activity performance using the ActiGraph® GT3X+ accelerometer in children aged 8–16 years with Acquired Brain Injury (ABI).
Methods: Reproducibility of standardized tasks: Thirty-two children with ABI (12 years 1 month, SD = 2 years 4 months; 20 males; Gross Motor Function Classificatio...
Objective:
To determine test-re-test reproducibility of the Timed Up & Go (TUG) test, 30-second repetition maximum (repmax) of functional exercises, 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) and High-level Mobility Assessment Tool (HiMAT) in children with Acquired Brain Injury (ABI). Secondarily, to assess the accuracy between hand-timed and video-timed scores fo...
Objective
To compare efficacy of a web-based multimodal training programme, ‘Move it to improve it’ (MitiiTM), to usual care on gross motor capacity and performance for children with an acquired brain injury.
Design
Randomized waitlist controlled trial.
Setting
Home environment.
Participants
A total of 60 independently ambulant children (30 in e...
Aims:
To determine whether the multi-modal web-based rehabilitation 'Move it to improve it' (Mitii) is more effective than wait list control (usual care) to improve occupational performance, upper limb function, and visual perception in children with acquired brain injury (ABI).
Method:
Fifty-eight randomly allocated children (53% males; mean ag...
Aim:
To systematically review the efficacy of physiotherapy interventions to improve gross motor capacity, performance and societal participation in children aged 5-17 years with an acquired brain injury (ABI).
Methods:
Randomized and non-randomized controlled trials, cohort, case series, case-control and case studies were included and classifie...
Background Persistent impairments resulting from childhood acquired brain injury (ABI) can impact performance of activities of daily living (ADL). Objective and reliable measures of ADL skills are required for treatment planning and research. Aim To evaluate test–retest reproducibility of the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) for childr...
Aims:
To pilot efficacy of a tailored multifaceted implementation program to change clinical practice of occupational therapists (OTs) providing upper limb (UL) therapy for children with unilateral cerebral palsy (UCP).
Methods:
This before and after study piloted a multifaceted implementation program comprising audit/feedback, barrier identific...
Acquired brain injury (ABI) refers to multiple disabilities arising from damage to the brain acquired after birth. Children with an ABI may experience physical, cognitive, social and emotional-behavioural impairments which can impact their ability to participate in activities of daily living (ADL). Recent developments in technology have led to the...
Objective:
To determine safety of intramuscular botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) injections to reduce spasticity and improve care and comfort of nonambulatory children with cerebral palsy (CP).
Methods:
Nonambulatory children with CP were randomly allocated to receive either BoNT-A (n = 23) or sham procedure (n = 18) in Cycle 1. In Cycle 2, the BoNT-A...
Aims:
The aim of this study was to present preliminary normative data for the Jebsen Taylor Test of Hand Function test (JTTHF) in Australian children. Normative data provide reference values for comparison of upper limb capacity when evaluating and planning treatment.
Methods:
The JTTHF administration procedures and materials were standardized....
Aims:
The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate reproducibility of the Jebsen Taylor Test of Hand Function (JTTHF) in children.
Methods:
Eighty-seven typically developing children 5 to 10 years old were included from five Outside School Hours Care centers in the Greater Brisbane Region, Australia. Hand function was assessed on two occasions wi...
Background
The Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) is an integrative framework developed from a synthesis of psychological theories as a vehicle to help apply theoretical approaches to interventions aimed at behavior change.
Purpose
This study explores experiences of TDF use by professionals from multiple disciplines across diverse clinical settin...
AimTo determine whether short-term intensive group-based therapy combining modified constraint-induced movement therapy and bimanual therapy (hybrid-CIMT) is more effective than an equal total dose of distributed individualized occupational therapy (standard care) on upper limb motor and individualized outcomes.Method
Fifty-three children with unil...
This study aimed to compare efficacy of two dosages of modified constraint induced movement therapy (mCIMT) and bimanual therapy on upper limb and individualized outcomes for children with unilateral cerebral palsy. This secondary analysis included two separate randomized trials that compared equal doses (high or low) of mCIMT to bimanual therapy;...
Objectives
To examine the efficacy and safety of intramuscular botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) to reduce spasticity and improve comfort and ease of care in nonambulant children with cerebral palsy (CP).
Study design
Nonambulant children with CP (n = 41; Gross Motor Function Classification System level IV = 3, level V = 38; mean age 7.1 years, range 2.3...
Children with unilateral cerebral palsy experience difficulties with unimanual and bimanual upper limb function, impacting independence in daily life. Targeted upper limb therapies such as constraint-induced movement therapy, bimanual training, and combined approaches have emerged in the last decade. This article reviews the scientific rationale un...
Background:
Cerebral palsy is the most common cause of physical disability in childhood. Spasticity is a significant contributor to the secondary impairments impacting functional performance and participation. The most common lower limb spasticity management is focal intramuscular injections of Botulinum Toxin-Type A accompanied by individually-de...
Background and objective:
Children with unilateral cerebral palsy present with impaired upper limb (UL) function affecting independence, participation, and quality of life and require effective rehabilitation. This study aims to systematically review the efficacy of nonsurgical upper limb therapies for children with unilateral cerebral palsy.
Met...
ABSTRACT This study aimed to identify barriers and enablers experienced by occupational therapists to delivering evidence-based upper limb intervention for children with unilateral cerebral palsy. Semistructured interviews informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework were conducted with nine occupational therapists from three teams to ascertain ba...
Introduction
Children with congenital hemiplegia often present with limitations in using their impaired upper limb which impacts on independence in activities of daily living, societal participation and quality of life. Traditional therapy has adopted a bimanual training approach (BIM) and more recently, modified constraint induced movement therapy...
Introduction
Persons with cerebral palsy require a lifetime of costly and resource intensive interventions which are often limited by equity of access. With increasing burden being placed on health systems, new methods to deliver intensive rehabilitation therapies are needed. Move it to improve it (Mitii) is an internet-based multimodal programme c...
Children with cerebral palsy (CP) whom are non-ambulant are at risk of reduced quality of life and poor health status. Severe spasticity leads to discomfort and pain. Carer burden for families is significant. This study aims to determine whether intramuscular injections of botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) combined with a regime of standard therapy has a...
The aim of this study was to determine whether constraint-induced movement therapy is more effective than bimanual training in improving the quality of life of children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP).
Sixty-three children (mean age 10y 2mo [SD 2y 6mo]; 33 males, 30 females) with CP of the spastic motor type (n=59) or with spasticity and dyston...
Does constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) improve hand function in children with congenital hemiplegia compared to bimanual therapy?
Randomised trial with concealed allocation and blinded outcome assessment.
6 CIMT and bimanual therapy day camps were conducted at a University in the United States.
Children with congenital hemiplegia aged 3.5...
To determine if constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) is more effective than bimanual training (BIM) in improving upper limb activity outcomes for children with congenital hemiplegia in a matched-pairs randomized trial.
Sixty-three children (mean age 10.2, SD 2.7, range 5-16 y; 33 males, 30 females), 16 in Manual Ability Classification System...
