Leanne Hirshfield

Leanne Hirshfield
Syracuse University | SU · Mass Communications

About

28
Publications
11,969
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2,074
Citations

Publications

Publications (28)
Article
Full-text available
We investigate the utility of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) for workload-based adaptive automation through the lens of multiple resource theory. We focus on the criteria of unobtrusiveness, responsiveness, load sensitivity (low vs high load), and load diagnosticity (differentiating types of load). We report a large meta-review, in w...
Chapter
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Although a good deal of research has explored clinical intervention studies to evaluate the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions, little is known about how mindfulness manifests itself in the mind and body of practitioners. In particular, realtime, objective measurements of state mindfulness would be a valuable tool for researchers to learn...
Article
We demonstrate the capability of discriminating between affective states on the valence and arousal dimensions using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), a practical non-invasive device that benefits from its ability to localize activation in functional brain regions with spatial resolution superior to the Electroencephalograph (EEG). The...
Article
Full-text available
Despite the importance that human error in the cyber domain has had in recent reports, cyber warfare research to date has largely focused on the effects of cyber attacks on the target computer system. In contrast, there is little empirical work on the role of human operators during cyber breaches. More specifically, there is a need to understand th...
Article
Full-text available
In today's technologically driven world, there is a need to better understand the ways that common computer malfunctions affect computer users. These malfunctions may have measurable influences on computer user's cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses. An experiment was conducted where participants conducted a series of web search tasks whi...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
There are a number of limitations to existing usability testing methods, including surveys, interviews, talk-alouds, and participant observations. These limitations include subject bias, poor recall, and inability to capture fleeting events, such as when a UI functions or behaves in a manner that contradicts user expectations. One possible solution...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
We describe preliminary research that attempts to quantify the level of trust that exists in typical interactions between human users and their computer systems. We describe the cognitive and emotional states that are correlated to trust, and we present preliminary experiments using functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electroencephalo...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
This project represents a first step towards bridging the gap between HCI and cognition research. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), we introduce tech-niques to non-invasively measure a range of cognitive workload states that have implications to HCI research, most directly usability testing. We present a set of usability experime...
Article
Full-text available
Passive brain-computer interfaces increase the bandwidth from user to computer in new and uniquely powerful ways.
Article
Full-text available
We discuss some ideas for improving the discrimination of mental workloads by using correlation analysis tools and machine learning algorithms that eventually can be used with real time acquisition and processing.
Chapter
Full-text available
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an emerging non-invasive, lightweight imaging tool which can measure blood oxygenation levels in the brain. In this chapter, we describe the fNIRS device and its potential within the realm of human-computer interaction (HCI). We discuss research that explores the kinds of states that can be measured...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Because functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) eases many of the restrictions of other brain sensors, it has potential to open up new possibilities for HCI research. From our experience using fNIRS technology for HCI, we identify several considerations and provide guidelines for using fNIRS in realistic HCI laboratory settings. We empiricall...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Passive brain-computer interfaces are designed to use brain activity as an additional input, allowing the adaptation of the interface in real time according to the user's mental state. The goal of the present study is to distinguish be- tween different levels of game difficulty using real-time, non-invasive brain activity measurement with functiona...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
We discuss the physiological metrics that can be measured with electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRs). We address the functional and practical limitations of each device, and technical issues to be mindful of when combining the devices. We also present machine learning methods that can be used on concurrent r...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
A well designed user interface (UI) should be transparent, allowing users to focus their mental workload on the task at hand. We hypothesize that the overall mental workload required to perform a task using a computer system is composed of a portion attributable to the difficulty of the underlying task plus a portion attributable to the complexity...
Article
Full-text available
We show the potential of functional near-infrared spectroscopy for the discrimination of mental workloads during a cognitive task with two different levels of difficulty. Standard data analysis based on filtering and folding average procedures were carried out to locate those source-detector pairs sensitive to the activated cortical regions. On the...
Article
Full-text available
We have applied functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to the human forehead to distinguish different levels of mental workload on the basis of hemodynamic changes occurring in the prefrontal cortex. We report data on 3 subjects from a protocol involving 3 mental workload levels based on to working memory tasks. To quantify the potential of...
Article
Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a new brain imaging tool that shows potential for use in the field of human computer interaction (HCI) because of its lightweight, non-invasive qualities. fNIRS could become an additional input to interfaces, by recording the user"s mental state through the measure of blood flow in the brain. However...
Article
Full-text available
This inaugurates a series of guest-authored Timelines columns. Richard Pew's research focus has been in human factors. He was the program chair for the first official CHI Conference in 1983 and participated on three panels at CHI'86. He was president ...
Article
This work analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of using the novice programming environment Alice in the CS0 classroom. We consider both general aspects as well as specifics drawn from the authors' experiences using Alice in the classroom over the course of the last academic year.
Conference Paper
Full-text available
We created Smart Blocks, an augmented mathematical manipulative that allows users to explore the concepts of volume and surface area of 3-dimensional (3D) objects. This interface supports physical manipulation for exploring spatial relationships and it provides continuous feedback for reinforcing learning. By leveraging the benefits of physicality...
Conference Paper
We are in the midst of an explosion of emerging human-computer interaction techniques that have redefined our understanding of both computers and interaction. We propose the notion of Reality-Based Interaction (RBI) as a unifying concept that ties together a large subset of these emerging interaction styles. Through RBI we are attempting to provide...
Conference Paper
This work analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of using the novice programming environment Alice in the CS0 classroom. We consider both general aspects as well as specifics drawn from the authors' experiences using Alice in the classroom over the course of the last academic year.
Article
Full-text available
Here, we propose the notion of Reality-Based Interaction (RBI) as a basis for understanding the role of tangible user interfaces (TUIs) within the broader context of emerging human-computer interaction styles. We are developing a Reality-Based Interaction framework to understand, compare, and relate current paths of HCI research. Viewing tangible i...
Article
Full-text available
We proposed the notion of Reality-Based Interaction (RBI) as a unifying concept to tie together a large subset of emerging interaction styles [7]. Interfaces should adhere to reality-based principles unless designers explicitly choose to make a tradeoff where they sacrifice reality in order to gain other positive qualities. When a reality-based int...

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