Leandro Soriano-Guillén

Universidad Autónoma de Madrid | UAM · Department of Pediatrics

Introduction: Childhood obesity is an extremely prevalent pathology and, in order to be able to address it, it is necessary to understand the factors that influence on its genesis and maintenance. We hypothesise that the timing of meals and sleep, the regularity of these throughout the week and a sedentary lifestyle influence the degree of obesity...

Obesity is associated with the presence of low-grade inflammation even during childhood. The dysregulation in the secretion of adipokines, such as leptin, which occurs in obesity states, could be associated with an increase in inflammatory factors already at an early age. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to investigate the role of leptin lev...

Melatonin is one of the most used pharmacologic treatments for sleep problems in autism spectrum disorder, though its relationship with circadian and sleep parameters is still not well stablished. A naturalistic study was conducted in children with autism spectrum disorder, previously drug-naïve, before and after treatment with immediate-release me...

This was an exploratory cross-sectional study comparing 45 children with ASD to 24 typically developing drug-naïve controls , group-matched on age, sex, and body mass index. Objective data was obtained using the following: an ambulatory circadian monitoring device; saliva samples to determine dim light melatonin onset (DLMO): and three parent-compl...

Puberty is a major maturational event; its mechanisms and timing are driven by genetic determinants, but also controlled by endogenous and environmental cues. Substantial progress towards elucidation of the neuroendocrine networks governing puberty has taken place. However, key aspects of the mechanisms responsible for the precise timing of puberty...

Introduction Different obesity-related comorbidities already present in childhood, such as: vitamin D deficiency, impaired carbohydrate metabolism, dyslipidaemia, arterial hypertension and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. In this study, we aim to analyse the prevalence of comorbidities and to determine the predictive factors that affect these comorbi...

Introduction: Childhood obesity is an extremely prevalent pathology and, in order to be ableto address it, it is necessary to understand the factors that influence on its genesis and mainte-nance. We hypothesise that the timing of meals and sleep, the regularity of these throughoutthe week and a sedentary lifestyle influence the degree of obesity....

Background: Pappalysins (PAPP-A, PAPP-A2) modulate body growth by increasing IGF-I bioavailability through cleavage of IGFBPs and are inhibited by stanniocalcins (STC1, STC2). Normative data of these novel factors, as well as of free IGF-I and uncleaved fractions of IGFBPs are not well established. Objective: To determine serum concentrations of...

Variations in the perilipin (PLIN) gene have been suggested to be associated with obesity and its related alterations, but a different nutritional status seems to contribute to differences in these associations. In our study, we examined the association of several polymorphisms at the PLIN locus with obesity and lipid profile in children, and then...

IntroductionSleep problems are prevalent among individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and a role has been attributed to melatonin in this multifactorial comorbidity.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on 41 autistic children and adolescents (9.9 ± 3.02) and 24 children and adolescents with a normal intellectual function (8.42 ± 2...

Background In the cardiovascular (CV) system, overactivation of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) may trigger deleterious responses derived from angiotensin (Ang)-II, which can be attenuated by stimulation of ACE2 and subsequent Ang-(1-7) metabolite. However, ACE2 exhibits a high degree of genetic polymorphism that may affect its structure an...

IntroductionIdiopathic premature adrenarche (IPA) is considered a normal variant of puberty, presenting more commonly in female patients. There are concerns as to whether IPA alters the final height of these girls. Our main objectives were to (a) compare the adult height of girls with IPA against their target height and (b) design a mathematical mo...

Obesity has been consistently associated with inflammation but the influence of HDL on this association remains under study. Our study analyzes the influence of obesity-related parameters in the relationship of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) with HDL-cholesterol and HDL-phospholipid in male and female adolescents. The study sample pop...

Introducción: en la etapa infantil ya se presentan diferentes comorbilidades relacionas con laobesidad, como por ejemplo: déficit de vitamina D, alteración del metabolismo hidrocarbonado,dislipidemia, hipertensión arterial y esteatohepatitis no alcohólica. En el presente estudio queremos analizar la prevalencia de estas comorbilidades en niños y ad...

The association between obesity and higher non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels has been established in adults. In contrast, lower NEFA levels have been described in children with obesity although the reason behind this association remains unclear. Leptin, which regulates body weight and plays a role in lipolysis, could be involved in this relat...

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a ligand-activated nuclear receptor that regulates glucose and lipid metabolism. Pharmacological activators of PPARγ are being used as a treatment of obesity related disorders such as dyslipidaemia and type 2 diabetes, but questions remain open regarding the effects of PPARγ on traits rela...

Background: In the cardiovascular (CV) system, overactivation of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) may trigger deleterious responses derived from angiotensin (Ang)-II, which can be attenuated by stimulation of ACE2 and subsequent Ang-(1-7) metabolite. However, ACE2 exhibits a high degree of genetic polymorphism that may affect its structure a...

Background In the cardiovascular (CV) system, overactivation of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) may trigger deleterious responses derived from angiotensin (Ang)-II, which can be attenuated by stimulation of ACE2 and subsequent Ang-(1-7) metabolite. However, ACE2 exhibits a high degree of genetic polymorphism that may affect its structure an...

Background: Sleep problems are a prevalent comorbidity in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with a multifactorial basis in which circadian misalignment has been described. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted including 52 children and adolescents with ASD (9.85 ± 3.07) and 27 children and adolescent controls with normal intellectual funct...

Introduction Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) can present alone or in association with anosmia or other congenital malformations. More than 30 genes have been identified as being involved in the pathogenesis of CHH with different patterns of inheritance, and the increasing availability of next generation sequencing (NGS) has increased...

Resumen Introducción El hipogonadismo hipogonadotropo congénito (HHC) puede presentarse de manera aislada o acompañado de anosmia o de malformaciones congénitas. Más de 30 genes han sido implicados en la patogénesis de HHC; además, se han descrito varios patrones de herencia asociados a esta entidad. La creciente disponibilidad de técnicas de secu...

Puberty is a crucial biological process normally occurring at a specific time during the lifespan, during which sexual and somatic maturation are completed, and reproductive capacity is reached. Pubertal timing is not only determined by genetics, but also by endogenous and environmental cues, including nutritional and metabolic signals. During the...

Diabetes insípida. Enfoque diagnóstico y terapéutico Diabetes insipidus. Diagnostic and therapeutic approach Resumen La diabetes insípida es un trastorno del metabolismo del agua caracterizado por la presencia de poliuria y polidipsia, que se clasifica en central (DIC) o nefrogé-nica (DIN) en función de si existe alteración en la sínte-sis o en la...

Context Loss-of-function mutations of makorin RING finger protein 3 (MKRN3) are the most common monogenic cause of familial central precocious puberty (CPP). Objective To describe the clinical and hormonal features of a large cohort of patients with CPP due to MKRN3 mutations and compare the characteristics of different types of genetic defects....

Background The association of sex hormones with C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels has been reported. However, this association remains unexplored in children in whom important anthropometric and hormonal changes are taking place. Objectives To analyze the association between high sensitivity CRP (hs‐CRP) and testosterone, estradiol and sex hormone b...

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between obesity and plasma adropin levels in two cohorts of children at two different ages. Methods Adropin concentrations were measured in 71 prepubertal and 41 pubertal children with obesity and their age‐ and sex‐matched normal weight counterparts (69 prepubertal and 42 pubertal ch...

Background Central precocious puberty (CPP) has been associated with loss-of-function mutations in two paternally expressed genes (MKRN3 and DLK1). Rare defects in the DLk1 were also associated with poor metabolic phenotype at adulthood. Objective Our aim was to investigate genetic and biochemical aspects of DLK1 in a Spanish cohort of children wi...

Puberty is a key step between childhood and adulthood. Its early onset can cause emotional problems and smaller adult height compared to target height. It is necessary to know the signs that indicate precocious puberty and differentiate them from normal variants such as early puberty. The most frequent is idiopathic central precocious puberty, pred...

Introduction Our objective was to compare high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels in children with type 1 diabetes, healthy controls, and children with obesity. Additionally, we aimed to analyze the association between hsCRP levels and glycemic control measured by glycohemoglobin A (HbA1c) and anthropometric and biochemical variables. R...

La pubertad es un proceso biológico tremendamente complejo en el que intervienen determinantes genéticos y factores reguladores como la disponibilidad de nutrientes, disruptores endocrinos ambientales, ciclos de luz/oscuridad y el entorno psicosocial. Se trata de un periodo de transición, en el que se evidencian notables cambios somáticos y de comp...

Context: Loss-of-function mutations in the maternally imprinted Makorin RING-finger 3 (MKRN3) gene (15q11.2) are the most prevalent cause of familial central precocious puberty (CPP). Objectives: To analyze the phenotypes of a large cohort of children with CPP due to MKRN3 mutations and to compare them with the phenotypes of idiopathic CPP. Setting...

Background: Delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1), also known as pre-adipocyte factor 1 (Pref-1), is part of the Notch signaling pathway that controls many developmental processes. Loss-of-function mutations of DLK1 have been identified in children with central precocious puberty (CPP), as well as in women who had precocious menarche (≤ 9 years) with an unfa...

Objectives To compare high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels in children with type 1 diabetes, healthy controls, and children with obesity. Additionally, we aimed to analyze the association between hsCRP levels and glycemic control measured by glycohemoglobin A (HbA1c) and anthropometric and biochemical variables. Methods We conducted a...

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as the presence of high blood glucose levels with the onset, or detected for the first time during pregnancy, as a result of increased insulin resistance. GDM may be induced by dysregulation of pancreatic β-cell function and/or by alteration of secreted gestational hormones and peptides related with gl...

Background: Nesfatin-1, an anorexigenic peptide, has been associated with food intake and thermogenesis, with discordant findings in humans and scarce studies in children to date. Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship of obesity with nesfatin-1 levels in two cohorts of children. Methods: Plasma nesfatin-1 concentrat...

Precocious puberty is defined as the appearance of secondary sex characteristics before 8 years of age in girls and before 9 years of age in boys. Central precocious puberty (CPP) is diagnosed when activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis is identified. It is a rare disease with a clear female predominance. A background of international adopti...

Los hipogonadismos son trastornos ocasionados por una deficiente síntesis de esteroides sexuales por parte del testículo o del ovario y que se manifiestan en la edad infantil generalmente por retraso puberal pero también como pubertad detenida o amenorrea primaria. Se clasifican según la adecuada o inadecuada secreción de gonadotropinas: hipogonadi...

La pubertad precoz es una enfermedad rara, con claro predominio femenino, que se clasifica en central o periférica ya sea de origen genético o adquirido. En las niñas se valorará primordialmente la presencia de telarquia mientras que en los niños tendremos en cuenta la simetría y tamaño testicular. En ambos casos evaluaremos la velocidad de crecimi...

Homenaje a una trayectoria ejemplar.

The age in which pubic and/or axillary hair appears varies greatly. Its early presentation may be a simple variation of normality or the manifestation of any of the multiple pathologies that may influence the moment of its appearance. In any case, even in the absence of disease, it is a reason for concern for the parents and patients and may have n...

The steps to manage delayed puberty are presented in this article. Pubertal delay is not uncommon. For both genders, the most frequent cause is simple delay in onset, of familial or idiopathic etiology, which represents about 60% of the cases of pubertal delay in men and 30% in women. Introducción Se considera "retraso puberal", cuando no se ha ini...

The relationship between C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and plasma antioxidants has been established in adults. However, the association has been rarely investigated in healthy children. Thus, we examined the cross-sectional association of high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) levels with fat-soluble plasma antioxidant concentrations in a cohort of health...

Teenage eating and endocrine disorders Puberty is the transition period from childhood to adulthood, and endocrine disorders are of particular concern during this stage in life. These changes are often extremely worrying for teenagers and their parents, who attend the clinics with different questions. Obesity is a public health problem, and teenage...

The aim of this study is to gain insights into the role of visceral adipose tissue as a source of C-reactive protein (CRP) in acute inflammation and to explore the potential relationship of CRP expression with the severity of appendicitis. A total of 20 pediatric patients undergoing appendectomy were included in the study. Patients were divided int...

Background There is still controversy on the relationship between idiopathic premature adrenarche (IPA) and a history of small for gestational age, as well as the concomitant presence of obesity and other metabolic disturbances. An attempt is made to study these potential associations in a cohort of girls with IPA from our hospital. Patients and m...

The influence of diet on inflammation in children remains unclear. We aimed to analyze the influence of diet on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels in a pre-pubertal population free of other influences that may affect hs-CRP levels. We determined hs-CRP levels in 571 six-to eight-year-old children using an hs-CRP ELISA kit. Informat...

Background: We investigated the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the C-reactive protein (CRP), leptin (LEP) and leptin receptor (LEPR) genes with high sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) levels in two independent cohorts of healthy Spanish children. Methods: We measured hs-CRP levels in 646 6-8-year-old and 707 12-16-year-old childr...

Hyperthyroidism is rare in paediatric patients.1 The most frequent cause of childhood hyperthyroidism is Graves disease, an autoimmune disorder in which the body produces TSH receptor antibodies (TSI).2 Peak incidence occurs between the ages of 11 and 15.3,4 Symptoms vary greatly, the most common being tachycardia, goitre, weight loss, tremor, palp...

Background/aims: Idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) is the premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in the absence of organic disease. Up to now, just gain-of-function mutations of KISS1/KISS1R and loss-of-function mutations of the maternally imprinted gene MKRN3 are the known genetic causes of ICPP. Our intention...

Background: There is still controversy on the relationship between idiopathic premature adrenarche (IPA) and a history of small for gestational age, as well as the concomitant presence of obesity and other metabolic disturbances. An attempt is made to study these potential associations in a cohort of girls with IPA from our hospital. Patients and...

Objectives: To analyze the association between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels and cardiovascular risk factors in healthy school children, and to evaluate whether changes in body mass index (BMI) category throughout childhood affect hs-CRP levels. Study design: We measured serum hs-CRP levels, lipid profile, insulin levels, a...

Background: The influence of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa) treatment on body mass index (BMI) evolution in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty (CPP) is unclear. Hence, we aimed to evaluate the effect of GnRHa treatment on BMI-standard deviation score (SDS) from diagnosis of idiopathic CPP until adult height. Methods...

Purpose: Given the interplay between metabolic status and the reproductive system, factors governing energy homeostasis could influence the timing of pubertal onset. The aim of this longitudinal study was to determine the influence of metabolic peptides associated to adiposity on menarcheal age. Methods: The sample population included 168 girls....

Background and aims: Leptin, an adipokine elevated in obesity, may be related to an adverse cardiovascular risk profile in childhood. However, evidence for this relationship in pre-pubertal children is scarce. We aimed to analyze the relationship between leptin levels and lipid and insulin profiles in Spanish children. Methods and results: Our p...

Background Higher body mass index (BMI) has been associated with earlier pubertal development.Objective The aim of this longitudinal study was to determine menarcheal age in a Spanish cohort and to assess its association with anthropometric variables at birth, childhood and adolescence. We also analyse whether the tracking of weight between differe...

The utility of ghrelin as a biomarker may be different depending on gender. The aim of this study was to assess ghrelin levels in a population-based sample of adolescents, and to evaluate their association with obesity and obesity-related parameters depending on sex. The studied population included 601 randomly selected 14-to 16-year-old children....

Puberty is a transition period between childhood and adulthood regulated by complex biological mechanisms, which in turn are controlled by the interaction between gene networks and environment. Although there has been a significant secular trend in onset of puberty from the XIX century to the mid XX century, it has been stabilized in recent decades...

Puberty is the transition period between childhood and adulthood and endocrinological disturbances play a significant role during this time of life. The changes that take place may often cause concern among adolescents and their parents, leading to their consultation with assorted questions. Abnormalities in growth and pubertal development, as well...

Previous research has found a correlation between resistin and lipid level variations. Polymorphisms in the resistin gene (RETN) could be involved in this relationship, but the results of the different studies are contradictory. The aim of this study was to examine the association between resistin and lipid levels, and to determine whether resistin...

: Puberty can affect vitamin D levels. The goal of this study was to analyze the relation between vitamin D deficiency and puberty in obese Spanish children, along with the possible interrelation between vitamin D status and degree of insulin resistance. A cross-sectional study was carried out, in which clinical and biochemical data were gathered f...

Objective: Puberty is associated with decreased insulin sensitivity. Sexual hormones have been related with the onset of insulin resistance, but their relationship with non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) remains unexplored. The aim of this study was to evaluate circulating NEFA levels in population-based samples of prepubertal children and adolesce...

Introduction Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with extra-skeletal outcomes such as, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among obese children and adolescents in Spain and to analyze the relationship between 25-OH-vitamin D (25-OH-D) leve...

Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with extra-skeletal outcomes such as, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among obese children and adolescents in Spain and to analyze the relationship between 25-OH-vitamin D (25-OH-D) levels and marker...

The relationship of resistin levels with obesity remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine resistin levels in prepubertal children and adolescents and evaluate their association with anthropometric parameters and body composition. The study population included 420 randomly selected 6- to 8-year-old children and 712 children aged 12 to...

Objective To study gonadal function in male patients surviving acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or Hodgkin's disease (HD). Patients and method Thirteen postpubertal males were studied (Tanner stage V), 9 with ALL and 4 with HD, who had received poly chemotherapy during the pre-puberal period. The control group was composed of 13 male volunteers...