Leandro Jerusalinsky

• Doctor in Biological Sciences - Zoology
• Head of Department at Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade

Assessment of the conservation status of Mico saterei, Sateré marmoset, for the Ministry of Environment of Brazil

Definição do estado de ameaça de Callicebus coimbrai Kobayashi & Langguth, 1999, a partir do Processo de Avaliação do Risco de Extinção da Fauna Brasileira, conduzido pelo Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade - ICMBio.

The brown howler, Alouatta guariba, endemic to the Atlantic Forest of Brazil and Argentina, is threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting, and its susceptibility to yellow fever. Two subspecies have been recognized, but their names, validity, and geographic ranges have been controversial. We obtained samples covering the species' entire...

Ensuring the demographic and genetic viability of small populations of threatened primates requires a range of management approaches. Here we describe a novel mixed in situ and ex situ management project that was developed to restore a population of the Critically Endangered northern muriqui Brachyteles hypoxanthus. This isolated population, locate...

The spatial distribution of votes for the 2022’s presidential election in Brazil overlaid with the range of the Brazilian biomes indicated a political division within these ecoregions. A high number of supporters to the far-right concentrated in the southern Amazon, while a concentration of votes for the center-left wing was observed in the most pr...

Hunting is an ancient human behavior, which likely became complex and efficient gradually through time. We present data from a bibliographic survey (qualitative) and field sampling (quantitative) of primate hunting in Northeastern Brazil. We evaluated hunting threats faced by 14 primate species native to the States of Bahia and Sergipe (three Criti...

Alvaro Aguirre foi pioneiro em estudar a distribuição geográfica e o estado de conservação dos muriquis (Brachyteles spp.), primata endêmico da Mata Atlântica. Sua monografia, de 1971, trouxe informações ainda hoje valiosas sobre os limites de distribuição, áreas de ocorrência, ameaças e medidas para a proteção dos muriquis. Os limites do gênero ti...

The brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba) is endemic to the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil and northeastern Argentina, threatened by extinction due to habitat loss and fragmentation, and hunting. Its reduced and isolated populations dramatically decreased and suffered local extinctions after recent yellow fever outbreaks, recommending the speci...

Conservation funding is currently limited; cost-effective conservation solutions are essential. We suggest that the thousands of field stations worldwide can play key roles at the frontline of biodiversity conservation and have high intrinsic value. We assessed field stations’ conservation return on investment and explored the impact of COVID-19. W...

Our aim is to provide an update about what we know and do not know about primates in Brazilian Amazonia, as well as to highlight key threats and to identify research and conservation priorities. Here, we provide a history of primatology in the Brazilian Amazon and a literature review of primate research locations there between 1968 and 2018. Most o...

The so-called arc of deforestation is a major agricultural and industrial frontier in southern Amazonia and northern Cerrado of Brazil. As arboreal mammals, the primates in this region are therefore threatened by forest loss and fragmentation. At the same time, knowledge about the taxonomic diversity and distribution ranges of these taxa is incompl...

Between 24-26 April 2023, the workshop entitled ‘Evaluation of population management for the conservation of the brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba) in the province of Misiones, Argentina’ took place to analyse strategies for the long-term recovery of its populations in the country. The purpose of the workshop was to carry out one of the objecti...

Brazilian primates differ regarding landscape characteristics within their ranges (e.g. habitat availability) and life‐history traits (e.g. body size). These landscape and life history attributes may be related to extinction risk. Here, we verified how such attributes correlate with primate threat categories. We considered 124 Brazilian primates ba...

Entre el 24 y 26 de abril de 2023 se llevó a cabo el taller titulado “Evaluación del manejo poblacional para la conservación del mono aullador rojo (Alouatta guariba) en la provincia de Misiones, Argentina” para analizar estrategias para la recuperación a largo plazo de sus poblaciones en el país. El taller fue coordinado por Luciana Oklander para...

The arc of deforestation, located between the southern Amazonia and the northern Cerrado of Brazil, is a top deforestation frontier worldwide. The high deforestation rates in this region are caused by human activities and threatens a rich diversity of primates that are still poorly-known and therefore investments into taxonomy and distribution rese...

Clase: Mammalia Orden: Primates Familia: Atelidae Otros nombres vulgares: guaribá, guaíba; mono aullador rojo, colorado o alazán; carayá rojo o colorado, carayá-pytá, carayá guariba, mono aullador rufo, guariba peludo, guariba de la sierra, barbado; karadyá-pihtá o carayá-pitá (guaraní); bugio o bugio-ruivo, guariba (portugués). Nombre en inglés: B...

Compilación de datos para el taller "Evaluación del manejo poblacional para la conservación del mono aullador rojo (Alouatta guariba) en la provincia de Misiones, Argentina" El 14 y 15 de diciembre del 2022, se realizó de forma virtual una reunión preparatoria para un taller presencial. Se presentaron los datos más actuales de densidad poblaciona...

While primate populations in wild areas are facing intensive decline due to habitat loss and removal for illegal trade, the number of individuals kept in ex situ settings is sharply increasing. With limited facilities and relocation programs, rescue centers in Latin American countries are frequently overcrowded and rarely meet basic welfare conditi...

Groves’ Titi Monkey (or zogue-zogue-de-Mato-Grosso), Plecturocebus grovesi, was recently described (Boubli et al. 2019) as an endemic species to the southern Brazilian Amazonia (in the Arinos and Juruena interfluvium) and possibly including the ecotonal zone with the Brazilian Cerrado in the state of Mato Grosso. Extensive monocultures (soya, maize...

Terrestrial mammals face a severe crisis of habitat loss worldwide. Therefore, assessing information on habitat loss throughout different time periods is crucial for assessing species’ conservation statuses based on the IUCN Red List system. To support the national extinction risk assessment in Brazil (2016–2022), we developed a script that uses th...

Over the last half-century, the world’s human population has doubled, impacting almost all ocean and land areas. The threats facing primates in the wild have never been greater or more complex. Primatologists have long been aware of these threats and, since the 1970s, have coordinated efforts to safeguard these threatened species, through the Inter...

Species description and current threats.

Alouatta guariba is endemic to the Atlantic Forest in eastern Brazil and northeastern Argentina. In the south, its range is limited by the Camaquã river basin in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (Printes et al. 2001) and, in the past, to the north by the Rio Paraguaçu in the state of Bahia (Gregorin 2006).

Simple Summary The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has made it harder to effectively protect and manage biodiversity, and this could make it more difficult for countries to show progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Here, we surveyed experts in early 2022 from 30 countries to collect data on the impacts of COVID-19...

Black and gold howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya) inhabit several eco-regions in South America with the highest population densities in riverine forests. Dam construction for electricity production represents a severe human alteration of ecosystems with consequences for primate conservation. To evaluate the possible loss of genetic diversity in A. ca...

Callithrix aurita é um pequeno primata endêmico da Mata Atlântica brasileira e considerado “em perigo” de extinção (EN) devido à perda e fragmentação de seus habitat e à competição e hibridação com congêneres invasores. Nesse contexto, identificar fragmentos florestais habitados por Callithrix spp. é uma das estratégias prioritárias para a sua cons...

Caracterizar a estrutura do habitat, identificando a funcionalidade de espécies arbóreas, é uma estratégia importante para auxiliar programas de manejo. Este estudo objetivou caracterizar a estrutura do habitat, identificar a composição ecológica e o tipo de síndrome de dispersão das árvores em fragmentos habitados pelo ameaçado de extinção Callice...

Despite their importance to conservation strategies, baseline data on species distribution and abundance are lacking for many primates. Discovered 30 years ago, the blond titi (Callicebus barbarabrownae) is considered Critically Endangered. The first assessments in 2004-2006 sampled 126, 1-km radius areas using interviews, sightings, and playing ba...

In the present study, we aimed to evaluate how extinction risk factors, specifically landscape and life history attributes, contribute to forming Brazilian primates' threat contexts in the different biomes in which they occur. Here we considered the threat classification of 136 Brazilian primates based on the Brazil list of threatened species. We o...

We provide here a current overview of marmoset (Callithrix) evolution, hybridization, species biology, basic/biomedical research, and conservation initiatives. Composed of 2 subgroups, the aurita group (C aurita and C f laviceps) and the jacchus Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/ilarjournal/advance-article/doi/10.1093/ilar/ilab027/6474502 by...

Callithrix aurita, endemic to the Atlantic Forest, is one of the most endangered primates in the world, due to habitat fragmentation, deforestation, hybridization and competition with other species of the genus. Through new records of the species and its congeners in the Zona da Mata, Minas Gerais, we can contribute to the conservation of C. aurita...

Ongoing environmental changes may reduce the population size and geographic distribution of many ecologically sensitive species. Predicting where populations will (or will not) be likely to resist these changes is crucial for planning their protection. The blond titi monkey (Callicebus barbarabrownae) is listed as Critically Endangered by the Inter...

Long-standing concerns about the status of the world's endangered primates have stimulated significant international efforts, such as the primate action plans published by the Primate Specialist Group of the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Species Survival Commission. However, national-level action plans that bring together diverse...

Brazil concentrates the largest number of primate species in the world. In the present study, an extensive literature review of ticks on New World wild monkeys has been carried out, demonstrating that between the years 1912 to 2018, 182 larvae, 137 nymphs and 31 adult ticks (10 males and 21 females) were collected on 78 primates (from 12 different...

We provide here a current overview of marmoset (Callithrix) evolution, hybridization, species biology, basic/biomedical research, and conservation initiatives. Composed of two subgroups, the aurita group (C. aurita and C. flaviceps) and the jacchus group (C. geoffroyi, C. jacchus, C. kuhlii and C. penicillata), this relatively young primate radiati...

The genus Callithrix includes six species distributed across eastern Brazil in the Atlantic Rainforest, Caatinga, and Cerrado biomes. The buffy-tufted-ear marmoset (Callithrix aurita) is endemic to the Atlantic Rainforest and occurs in the states of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo. This species is considered ‘Endangered’ and listed amon...

The red-handed-howler-monkey (Alouatta belzebul) is vulnerable to extinction mainly due to habitat loss and fragmentation, as well as hunting pressure. In its Atlantic Forest range, small populations inhabit 31 sparse fragments in a landscape dominated by a matrix of sugar cane plantations, pastures and urban areas. The aim of the present study was...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biaa082.].

Despite its large range, occurrence in numerous nature reserves in several countries, and apparent adaptation to modified habitats, Alouatta caraya is considered Near Threatened due to a suspected population reduction of 25-30% over 36 years (three generations; 2004-2040) due to ongoing loss of suitable habitat, hunting pressure, and the susceptibi...

We provide here a current overview of marmoset (Callithrix) evolution, hybridization, species biology, basic/biomedical research, and conservation initiatives. Composed of two subgroups, the aurita group (C. aurita and C. flaviceps) and the jacchus group (C. geoffroyi, C. jacchus, C. kuhlii and C. penicillata), this relatively young primate radiati...

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In...

Threats to biodiversity are well documented. However, to effectively conserve species and their habitats, we need to know which conservation interventions do (or do not) work. Evidence-based conservation evaluates interventions within a scientific framework. The Conservation Evidence project has summarized thousands of studies testing conservation...

This species is listed as Endangered based on a suspected population reduction of >50% over the past three generations (2000-2018) due to habitat loss (>43%), competition and hybridization with invasive species, and occasional live capture for the pet trade.

Effective management of threatened species requires accurate population size estimation and monitoring. However, reliable population size estimates are lacking for many endangered species. The critically endangered blond titi monkey (Callicebus barbarabrownae) is an endemic primate of the Caatinga biome in Northeastern Brazil. A previous assessment...

Red List Category & Criteria: Endangered A3ce ver 3.1 Year Published: 2020 Date Assessed: January 23, 2020 Justification: Leontopithecus chrysopygus is considered Endangered (EN A3ce) due to an anticipated population reduction of 50% or more within the next three generations (2019-2040) due to continued habitat loss within its range, the possible l...

The taxonomy of muriquis, the largest extant primates in the New World, is controversial. While some specialists argue for a monotypic genus (Brachyteles arachnoides), others favor a two-species classification, splitting northern muriquis (Brachyteles hypoxanthus) from southern muriquis (B. arachnoides). This uncertainty affects how we study the di...

Howlers are highly susceptible to yellow fever, and two recent outbreaks have severely affected their numbers.

For arboreal primates, ground use may increase dispersal opportunities, tolerance to habitat change, access to ground-based resources, and resilience to human disturbances, and so has conservation implications. We collated published and unpublished data from 86 studies across 65 localities to assess titi monkey (Callicebinae) terrestriality. We exa...

.The current population of the Southern Muriqui is believed to be less than 1,200 individuals surviving in20 isolated, subpopulations in a mixture of private, municipal, state and national protected areas in the states of Rio de Janeiro (6), Sao Paulo (12) and Parana (2) (Strier et al. 2017). Of the subpopulations,one (Carlos Botelho State Park) i...

Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate specie...

Primates occur in 90 countries, but four-Brazil, Madagascar, Indonesia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)-harbor 65% of the world's primate species (439) and 60% of these primates are Threatened, Endangered, or Critically Endangered (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017-3). Considering their importance for global primate conservati...

Primates occur in 90 countries, but four-Brazil, Madagascar, Indonesia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)-harbor 65% of the world's primate species (439) and 60% of these primates are Threatened, Endangered, or Critically Endangered (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017-3). Considering their importance for global primate conservati...

Primates occur in 90 countries, but four-Brazil, Madagascar, Indonesia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)-harbor 65% of the world's primate species (439) and 60% of these primates are Threatened, Endangered, or Critically Endangered (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017-3). Considering their importance for global primate conservati...

Fig. S3. Trends in the growth of the cultivated areas devoted to roots and tubers, maize, and rice paddy production and in two important arboreal food crops in DRC. Also shown is the growth trend in the harvest of hardwoods. Available at http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#compare (crops processed) (accessed 1 April 2017). Note: starting year may differ...

Fig. S1. Expansion of agricultural land for the period 2001 to 2015 in Brazil, Indonesia, Madagascar and DRC. Available at FAOStats http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#compare (accessed 10 February 2018). See Text S1 for limitations of the FAO data.

Fig. S2. Trends in the growth of cattle populations and in the production of some of the most important agricultural commodities in Brazil. Available at http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data (accessed 14 February 2018; for a definition of the category Roundwood nonconiferous see http://www.fao.org/waicent/faostat/forestry/products.htm#S2; http://www....

Fig. S5. Trends in the area devoted to the cultivation of rice, oil palm, natural rubber and the increase in the volume of roundwood extraction in Indonesia. Available at http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#compare (crops processed) (accessed 5 April 2017). See Text S1 for limitations of the FAO data.

Fig. S4. Trends in the growth of cultivated areas including roots and tubers, maize, and rice paddy production in Madagascar. Also shown is the growth in the extraction of hardwoods. Available at http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#compare (crops processed) (accessed 1 April 2017). See Text S1 for limitations of the FAO data.