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Publications (397)
Fold geometries and kinematics within foreland basins is a major issue for understanding the late evolution of thrust fronts. In the foreland of the southwestern Alps, the Vélodrome complex fold involves the whole Tertiary series which have recorded the evolution of the alpine front. From a geometrical and kinematic point of view, the Vélodrome is...
Dating specific pressure–temperature–time–deformation–fluid (P–T–t–d–f) events is a major petrological issue, particularly for polymetamorphic assemblages. In order to better assess such events using mica populations, this study uses a combined in situ Rb–Sr and Ar–Ar dating approach coupled with chemical mapping, with application to an exhumed sub...
The Pyrenees is a collisional orogen built by inversion of an immature rift system during convergence of the Iberian and European plates from Late Cretaceous to late Cenozoic. The full mountain belt consists of the pro-foreland southern Pyrenees and the retro-foreland northern Pyrenees, where the inverted lower Cretaceous rift system is mainly pres...
The spatiotemporal scales at which fluid flow events occur along the subduction interface remain poorly constrained. This study illustrates the benefit of using in‐situ Rb/Sr dating on metasomatic white mica to constrain the timing of metasomatic events, taking advantage of the well‐studied reaction zones of the Kampos‐Lia unit of Syros, Greece. Th...
Traces of extraction in Delian marble quarries attest their exploitation during Antiquity. A preliminary non-destructive provenance study confirmed the presence of indigenous marble in Delos constructions. In contrast, Delos marble quarries have not been geochemically described so far. Therefore, a detailed (1/5000 scale) geological mapping and cro...
The pre-Alpine evolution of the Tethyan domains between Gondwana and Laurasia, and in particular that of the Cimmerian continental blocks, remains poorly constrained. Central Iran is a key area to constrain the closure of the Paleotethys and the collision of Laurasia with the Cimmerian blocks drifted from Gondwana. The present study provides a comb...
Widespread overprinting of early high‐pressure/low‐temperature (HP/LT) subduction stages due to subsequent collisional or late‐orogenic tectono‐metamorphic events is a common feature affecting the interpretation of geochronologic data from HP/LT orogens. The Betic‐Rif orogen is exemplary in this connection as a great majority of published radiometr...
This contribution reviews the challenges of imaging collisional orogens, focusing on the example of the Pyrenean domain. Indeed, important progresses have been accomplished regarding our understanding of the architecture of this mountain range over the last decades, thanks to the development of innovative passive imaging techniques, relying on a mo...
The present-day tectonic setting of the Western Mediterranean region, from the Pyrénées to the Betics and from the Alps to the Atlas, results from a complex 3-D geodynamic evolution involving the interactions between the Africa, Eurasia and Iberia plates and asthenospheric mantle dynamics underneath. In this paper, we review the main tectonic event...
Asthenosphere-lithosphere interactions modulated by surface processes generate outstanding topographies and sedimentary basins, but the nature of these interactions and the mechanisms through which they control the evolution of extensional tectonic settings are elusive. Basal lithospheric shearing due to plume-related mantle flow leads to extension...
The Ronda peridotite (Betic Cordillera, Southern Spain) is the largest alpine‐type peridotite massif worldwide. Yet, the emplacement mechanism of these mantle rocks is still a highly debated topic. In this study, we aim at better constraining their context of exhumation by focusing on the Nieves Unit, which is mostly composed of Mesozoic metasedime...
The aim of this paper is to provide a conceptual framework that integrates the role of inheritance in the study of rifts, rifted margins and collisional orogens based on the work done in the OROGEN project, which focuses on the Biscay-Pyrenean system. The Biscay-Pyrenean rift system resulted from a complex multistage rift evolution that developed o...
The architecture and nature of the continental lithosphere result from billions of years of tectonic and magmatic evolution. Continental deformation over broad regions form collisional orogens which evolution is controlled by the interactions between properties inherited from hits long-lasting evolution and plate kinematics. The analysis of present...
Whereas a straightforward link between crustal thinning and geothermal gradients during
rifting is now well established, the thermal structure of sedimentary basins within hyperextended domains
remains poorly documented. For this purpose, we investigate the spatial distribution of rift-related High-
Temperature Low-Pressure (HT/LP) metamorphism rec...
Back-arc extension superimposed on mountain belts leads to distributed normal faults and shear zones interacting with magma emplacement within the crust. The composition of granitic magmas emplaced at this stage often involves a large component of crustal melting. The Miocene Aegean granitoids were emplaced in metamorphic core complexes (MCCs) belo...
The behaviour of the phengite ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar system has been explored at different scales on Sifnos and Syros, two key islands of the Upper Cycladic Blueschist system (UCB). These islands expose well-preserved eclogites and blueschists that were exhumed via extensional collapse of the Aegean subduction/accretionary wedge during the Eocene and Miocene. B...
Deformation processes related to early stages of collisional belts, especially the inversion of rifted systems remain poorly constrained, partly because evidence of these processes is usually obliterated during the subsequent collision. The Pyrenean belt resulting from the inversion of a Cretaceous hyperextended rifted margin associated with a high...
The long-term Pressure-Temperature-time-deformation (P-T-t-d) evolution of the internal zones of orogens results from complex interactions between the subducting lithosphere, the overriding plate and the intervening asthenosphere. 2-D numerical models successfully reproduce natural P-T-t-d paths, but most orogens are non-cylindrical and the situati...
Slab tearing induces localized deformations in the overriding plates of subduction zones and transfer zones accommodating differential retreat. Because the space available for retreating slabs is limited in the Mediterranean realm, slab tearing during retreat has been a major ingredient of the evolution of this region since the end of the Eocene. T...
Back-arc extension superimposed on mountain belts leads to distributed normal faults and shear zones, interacting with magma emplacement in the crust. The composition of granitic magmas emplaced at this stage often involves a component of crustal melting. The Miocene Aegean granitoids were emplaced in metamorphic core complexes (MCC) below crustal-...
Post-orogenic extension in back-arc regions is classically associated with metamorphic core complexes (MCCs) cored with exhumed metamorphic rocks and granitic intrusions interacting with low-angle detachments. When additional heat is provided by the advected asthenosphere below the extending region, for instance above slab tears, high-temperature m...
The behavior of fluids at the subduction plate interface and their chemical and rheological impacts remain poorly constrained. Based on detailed fieldwork, petrographic and geochemical analyses and thermobarometry, the present study documents an example of a block-in-matrix 'mélange' metasomatized along the subduction interface (Kampos-Lia mélange...
Slab retreat, slab tearing and interactions of slabs are first-order drivers of the deformation of the overriding lithosphere. An independent description of the tectonic evolution of the back-arc and peripheral regions is a pre-requisite to test the proposed conceptual, analogue and numerical models of these complex dynamics in 3-D. We propose here...
In order to clarify the link between ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar record in white mica and deformation, we performed in situ and bulkwise ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating over the East Tenda Shear Zone (Tenda massif, Alpine Corsica). White micas from 11 samples were selected and extensively analyzed using in situ techniques across nested scales of strain‐intensity gradients develope...
The role of NW-SE transfer zones during the opening of the Northwestern Mediterranean Basin has long been evidenced, mostly from seismic-reflection and magnetic data. Each of these features corresponds to transverse basement steps and/or fractures controlling the progressive deepening from the Valencia Basin toward the center of the Liguro-Provença...
The Pyrenean Belt ends against the Gulf of Lion passive margin. The mechanism responsible for dismantling the mountain belt during Oligocene rifting has not yet found a proper explanation. The Late Eocene and Oligocene period is characterized by a first order change in subduction dynamics in the Mediterranean and the subduction zones started to ret...
Tinos metamorphic core complex (MCC) is one of the well-studied objects in the Cyclades. It was exhumed below the North Cycladic Detachment (NCDS) During the Oligocene and Miocene times. Tinos Island consists of the Cycladic Blueschist Unit, below the detachment, that records an Eocene HP-LT metamorphism. The hanging wall is represented by the Uppe...
The architecture of the Pyrenean‐Cantabrian belt results from the inversion of a series of former Cretaceous rift basins. A HT‐LP metamorphic event dated at 105 to 85 Ma ago is commonly associated with an Albo‐Cenomanian episode of hyperextension of the continental crust. This metamorphism is well known in the eastern Basque‐Cantabrian Basin within...
Slab dynamics (i.e. rollback and tearing) below the Eastern Mediterranean area is well imaged by numerous mantle tomography studies elucidating deep mantle structures. It induces asthenospheric mantle flow that had first order tectonic and metamorphic consequences in the overriding plate. However, there is no consensus about the time-space evolutio...
Plain Language Summary
Separation of microcontinental blocks from their parent continent is usually attributed to abrupt relocation of concentrated extension from the mid‐oceanic ridge to the adjacent continental margin. In the context of extensional passive margin evolution, previous extensive numerical and analog studies have revealed that hot up...
Slab tearing below western Turkey had first-order tectonic and magmatic consequences by
inducing a lateral gradient of extension in the upper plate and toroidal flow of asthenosphere that affected the typology and distribution of melts at the surface. But the coupling mechanisms between the 3D mantle flow at depth and deformation in the upper plate...
Recent measurements of surface vertical displacements of the European Alps show a correlation between vertical velocities and topographic features, with widespread uplift at rates of up to ~2-2.5 mm/a in the North-Western and Central Alps, and ~1 mm/a across a continuous region from the Eastern to the South-Western Alps. Such a rock uplift rate pat...
Western Turkey belongs to the regions with the highest geothermal potential in the world, resulting in significant electricity production from geothermal resources located predominantly in the Menderes Massif. Although geothermal exploitation is increasingly ongoing, geological, and physical processes leading to the emplacement of geothermal reserv...
The original PDF version of this Article contained an error in which Fig. 3 and its legend were omitted and Equations 5 and 6 contained errors.This has been corrected in the PDF version of the Article. The HTML version was correct from the time of publication.
We present here a number of geological observations in extensional contexts, either continental rifts or back-arcs, that show different situations of potential coupling between asthenospheric flow and crustal deformation. Several of these examples show a deformation distributed over hectometre to kilometre thick shear zones, accommodated by shallow...
Supporting Information S1
Abundant granitic rocks exposed in ancient mountain belts suggest that crustal melting plays a major role in orogenic processes. However, complex field relations and superposition of multiple tectonic events make it difficult to determine the role of melting in orogenesis. In contrast, geophysical measurements image present-day crustal conditions b...
Slab rollback results in the development of low-angle normal faults (detachments) and metamorphic core complexes (MCCs) in back-arc domains. Although the mechanical consequences of slab dynamics on lithospheric and crustal behaviors have already been studied, thermal effects have not been investigated yet. This study shows that slab rollback produc...
Within deforming continental regions where metamorphic core complexes (MCCs) and synextensional granitoids are closely associated, deciphering the link between detachment faulting and magmatism often remains complex as (1) the rheological weakness of magma may stimulate mechanisms of strain localization, and conversely, (2) tectonic processes may o...
The history of subduction below the Aegean region and western Anatolia is hampered by a lack of comprehension of the correlations between the Cyclades and the Menderes Massif. The Dodecanese Archipelago, which is critical for this discussion, has received very little attention so far. This study is focused on the island of Leros, where two tectonom...
The natural variability of geometry and dynamics of subduction zones leads to a variety of mantle and crustal processes that may influence the genesis of ore deposits in the overriding plate. These complex interactions cannot be fully represented by two-dimensional (2D) models but require that the spatial and temporal evolution of ore deposits be e...
High-pressure rocks such as eclogite and blueschist are metamorphic markers of paleo-subduction zones, and their formation at high-pressure and low-temperature conditions is relatively well understood since it has been the focus of numerous petrological investigations in the past 40 years. The tectonic mechanisms controlling their exhumation back t...
Fossil structures, such as exhumed accretionary prisms, are the only direct recorders of the fluids wetting the plate interface near the base of the seismogenic zone. By studying exhumed accretionary prisms, it is thus possible to determine the physicochemical properties of fluids and the geometry and dynamics of their circulation. We considered he...
The Betic-Rif orogen forms the westernmost part of the Alpine orogenic system and results from the closure of the Tethys Ocean between Africa and the Iberian Peninsula. Subduction and crustal thickening leading to the formation of high-pressure and low-temperature (HP/LT) rocks were followed by a late-orogenic extensional stage in an overall still...
The Late Eocene-Early Oligocene is a key-period for the geodynamic evolution of the Western Mediterranean. Due to complex lithosphere/asthenosphere interactions (slab roll-back, slab-tear, slab break-off, asthenosphere upwelling, etc.), deformations in this area became more driven by forces related to slab dynamics than by Africa/Eurasia convergenc...
Between 5 and 6 million years ago, during the so-called Messinian salinity crisis, the Mediterranean basin became a giant salt repository. The possibility of abrupt and kilometre-scale sea-level changes during this extreme event is debated. Messinian evaporites could signify either deep- or shallow-marine deposits, and ubiquitous erosional surfaces...
In order to address the question of strain localization within continental units during subduction and exhumation, a large-scale portion of an exhumed continental crust was structurally revisited. The Tenda massif (Alpine Corsica) has recorded burial (D1; top-to-the-SW kinematics) down to blueschist-facies conditions followed by exhumation (D2; top...
The stunningly increased resolution of the deep crustal levels in recent industrial seismic profiles acquired along most of the world's rifted margins leads to the unraveling of an unexpected variety of structures. It provides unprecedented access to the processes occurring in the middle and lower continental crust. We present a series of so far un...
The Aegean-Anatolian retreating subduction and collision zones have been investigated through 3D numerical geodynamic models involving slab rollback/tearing/breakoff constrained by, for instance, seismic tomography or anisotropy and geochemical proxies. Here, we integrate these investigations by using the well documented geother-mal anomalies geoth...