Laurent Beney

• Professor
• Professor at Institut agro

Although the functions and structural roles of sterols have been the subject of numerous studies, the reasons for the diversity of sterols in the different eukaryotic kingdoms remain unclear. It is thought that the specificity of sterols is linked to unidentified supplementary functions that could enable organisms to be better adapted to their envi...

Yeasts are anhydrobiotes that accumulate large amounts of trehalose, which is involved in the vitrification of the cytoplasm during drastic desiccation. The effect of devitrification, which can be induced by the transient exposure of desiccated yeasts to increased humidity or elevated temperature, on the survival of yeast has been studied. A glass...

Under natural conditions yeast cells as well as other microorganisms are regularly subjected to the influence of severe drought, which leads to their serious dehydration. The dry seasons are then changed by rains and there is a restoration of normal water potential inside the cells. To survive such seasonal changes a lot of vegetative microbial cel...

Blue light (400–430 nm) is known to induce lethal effects in some species of fungi by photo-oxidation caused by the excitation of porphyrins but the mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. In this work, we exposed the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to a high density light flux with two-photon excitation (830 nm equivalent to a one-photon exci...

The present invention concems a method for eliminating microorganisms present in and/or at the surface of a material to be decontaminated comprising a step of irradiating said material to be decontaminated with radiation consisting of at least two light beams a1and a2 directed onto said material, the two light beams a1 and a2 respectively having a...

Bacterial adhesion in the gut is critical to evaluate their effectiveness as probiotics. Understanding the bacterial adhesion within the complex gut environment is challenging. This study explores the adhesion mechanisms and the adhesion potential of five selected bacterial strains ( Escherichia coli , Lactiplantibacillus plantarum , Faecalibacteri...

Recent research has promoted considerable interest in the potential health benefits of the new generation of probiotics. Despite the abundance of probiotic supplements, their adhesion and thereby colonization in the intestinal tract of the host, a determining factor of probiotic efficacy, remains questionable. Indeed, the gastrointestinal tract, a...

This study evaluates the encapsulation of phytoactives from acerola (Malpighia emarginata) pomace extract (APE) into Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells via sonoprocessing coupled to spray drying (SPSD process). The effect of acoustic energy density (AED; 0–333.3 W/L), APE pH (3–11), and spray drying inlet temperature (T; 150–190 °C) on the encapsulatio...

The promising next-generation probiotic Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is one of the most abundant acetate-consuming, butyrate-producing bacteria in the healthy human gut. Yet, little is known about how acetate availability affects this bacterium’s gene expression strategies. Here, we investigated the effect of acetate on temporal changes in the tran...

The objective of this study was to investigate for the first time the role of S. cerevisiae natural barriers and endogenous cytoplasmatic bodies on the stabilization of fisetin encapsulated via sonoprocessing coupled to freeze-drying (FD) or spray drying (SD). Both protocols of encapsulation improved the resistance of fisetin against thermal treatm...

Background Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, a promising next-generation probiotic, is one of the most abundant acetate-consuming, butyrate-producing bacteria in the healthy human gut. However, little is known about the gene expression strategies used by this bacterium to adapt to the availability of acetate in the human gut. Result We first establish...

The promising next-generation probiotic Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is one of the most abundant acetate-consuming, butyrate-producing bacteria in the healthy human gut. Yet, little is known about how acetate availability affects this bacterium’s gene expression strategies. Here, we show that, in the early stationary phase, F. duncaniae strain A2-1...

The resilience of bacterial and fungal spores to common decontamination methods is a major concern in several fields including food industry. In contaminated products, those latent forms can lead to a delayed microbial development with potential hazardous health effects. This study investigates the efficiency of an ultra-high irradiance (UHI) LED d...

Although fluorescent proteins are widely used as biomarkers (Yin), no study focuses on their influence on the microbial stress response. Here, the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) was fused to two proteins of interest in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Pab1p and Sur7p, respectively involved in stress granules structure and in Can1 membrane domains. These...

The encapsulation of fisetin into S. cerevisiae cells through sonoporation coupled with drying is reported for the first time in the literature. To establish the best conditions to maximize the amount of internalized fisetin, the cell density (5–10% w/v), fisetin concentration (1–3 mg/mL), acoustic energy density (0–333.3 W/L), and drying method (f...

The human intestinal system is a complex of various anaerobes including extremely oxygen-sensitive (EOS) bacteria, some of which have been credited with significant health benefits. Among these, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, which is one of the most abundant anaerobic bacterial strains in the human intestinal tract, has been proved to be a promisin...

Osmoporation is a novel encapsulation approach for bioactive compounds based on the osmoresistance mechanisms of microbial cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the production of fisetin-enriched yoghurt using Lactobacillus acidophilus-based bio-capsules via osmoporation as the starter culture. Results showed th...

The expanding knowledge on the systemic influence of the human microbiome suggests that fecal samples are underexploited sources of new beneficial strains for extra-intestinal health. We have recently shown that acetate, a main circulating microbiota-derived molecule, reduces the deleterious effects of pulmonary Streptococcus pneumoniae and enteric...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of Lactobacillus acidophilus cells as a novel encapsulating carrier for fisetin via osmoporation. Initially, the effects of osmotic pressure and initial fisetin concentration on the performance of the osmoporation process were evaluated. The best results were achieved when 15 MPa was appli...

Microbial food spoilage is an important cause of health and economic issues and can occur via resilient contamination of food surfaces. Novel technologies, such as the use of visible light, have seen the light of day to overcome the drawbacks associated with surface disinfection treatments. However, most studies report that photo-inactivation of mi...

Research background. Freeze-drying is the most widely used dehydration process in the food industry for the stabilization of bacteria. Studies have shown the effectiveness of an acid prestress in increasing the resistance of lactic acid bacteria to freeze-drying. Adaptation of bacteria to an acid stress is based on maintaining the properties of the...

Background Stabilization of freeze-dried lactic acid bacteria during long-term storage is challenging for the food industry. Water activity of the lyophilizates is clearly related to the water availability and maintaining a low a w during storage allows to increase bacteria viability. The aim of this study was to achieve a low water activity after...

Although relative air humidity (RH) strongly influences microbial survival, its use for fighting surface pathogens in the food industry has been inadequately considered. We asked whether RH control could destroy Listeria monocytogenes EGDe by envelope damage. The impact of dehydration in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 75%, 68%, 43% and 11% RH o...

Although mechanisms involved in response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to osmotic challenge are well described for low and sudden stresses, little is known about how cells respond to a gradual increase of the osmotic pressure (reduced water activity; aw) over several generations as it could encounter during drying in nature or in food processes. Usin...

In this study, we show that calcium pectinate beads (CPB) allow the formation of 20 µm spherical microcolonies of the probiotic bacteria Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (formerly designated as Lactobacillus paracasei ) ATCC334 with a high cell density, reaching more than 10 log (CFU/g). The bacteria within these microcolonies are well structured and a...

Anaerobic commensal gut bacteria are among the most promising future treatments for many diseases. Because of their sensitivity to oxygen and to the harsh conditions of the gut, few studies on formulations that deliver bacteria in a viable and functional form to the intestine have been done. The aim of this study was to develop a reliable and easy-...

Background and objective: Presence of oxygen during production and rehydration of freeze-dried starters and probiotics can decrease viability of the bacteria. Indeed, removal of water from cells during freeze-drying can promote dysfunction in anti-oxidative mechanisms, resulting in oxidative stress by accumulation of reactive oxygen species. The ai...

This study proposes the investigation of curcumin encapsulation into Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells through osmoporation as an efficient way of increasing curcumin stability. The influence of three process parameters (cell, ethanol and curcumin concentrations) on the encapsulation process was evaluated, and the obtained biocapsules were characteris...

Juvenile hormones (JHs) regulate important processes in insects, such as postembryonic development and reproduction. In the hemolymph of Lepidoptera, these lipophilic sesquiterpenic hormones are transported from their site of synthesis to target tissues by high affinity carriers, the juvenile hormone binding proteins (JHBPs). Lepidopteran JHBPs bel...

The objective of this paper was to present experimental results concerning the optimization of freeze-drying cycles of a model type casei probiotic bacteria with water based formulations using lactose and polymer (PVP) as cryo/lyo protectants. First, we investigated the influence of different formulations and of different freezing protocols (freezi...

Lactobacillus paracasei is able to persist in a variety of natural and technological environments despite physico-chemical perturbations, in particular alternations between desiccation and rehydration. However, the way in which it adapts to hydric fluctuations and the genetic determinants involved are not clearly understood. To identify the genes i...

Lactobacillus paracasei is able to persist in a variety of natural and technological environments despite physico-chemical perturbations, in particular alternations between desiccation and rehydration. However, the way in which it adapts to hydric fluctuations and in particular the genetic determinants involved are not clearly understood. To identi...

Evolution of fluorescence intensity in two excitation area (Region of interest: ROI) delimited by a red rectangle. The two ROI are exposed to light stimulation phases of 1.5.104 W/cm2. ROI 1 contains no any yeast cell. ROI 2 contains 1 yeast cell. (A) Photography of the initial photo-oxidation treatment induced by the production of 1O2 and labelled...

Cycle with acquisition phase (4 s, 400 W/cm2) and excitation phase (2 s) at different light powers (1.5.104; 1.7.104; 1.9.104; 2.3.104 and 2.6.104 W/cm2).

Visualization in video (accelerated 60X) of plasma membrane permeabilization and “photo-oxidative burst” for one cell exposed to a light power of 1.5.104 W/cm2 at 830 nm.

Visualization of plasma membrane permeabilization for six cells exposed to a light power of 1.5.104 W/cm2 at 830 nm in the plasma membrane area.

This work is based on the experimental study of the freeze-drying process to understand the impact of numerous factors on the survival rates of a model probiotic strain of Lactobacillus casei type. With the aim to find out if cell density in the matrix and survival rates are linked, we have studied the location of the cells after freeze drying insi...

Diet quality is critical for animal development and survival. Fungi can provide nutrients that are essential to organisms that are unable to synthetize them, such as ergosterol in Drosophila melanogaster. Drosophila studies examining the influence of yeast quality in the diet have generally either provided the diet over the whole life span (larva t...

Cell osmoporation is a simple and straightforward procedure of creating food‐grade bio‐capsules. This study proposes a new protocol of sequential cell osmoporation stages and evaluates its impact on the efficiency of curcumin and fisetin internalization into Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in t...

https://youtu.be/RW4Ru9bHrCs

Faecalibacterium prausnitzii was previously recognized for its intestinal anti-inflammatory activities and it has been shown less abundant in patients with chronic intestinal diseases. However, the main problems encountered in the use of this interesting anaerobic microorganism are firstly its high sensitivity to the oxygen and secondly, its abilit...

This study was carried out in order to develop experimental methodology using a camera to monitor the evolution of the surface of a liquid droplet deposited on a solid surface composed of polypropylene. The droplet was exposed to various ambient relative humidity conditions (11.3%, 43.2%, 68.9% and 75.5%). Two types of liquid were investigated: dis...

Salmonella Typhimurium and Cronobacter sakazakii are two foodborne pathogens involved in neonatal infections from milk powder and infant formula. Their ability to survive in low-moisture food and during processing from the decontamination to the dried state is a major issue in food protection. In this work, we studied the effects of the drying proc...

Listeria monocytogenes, a bacterium that is responsible for listeriosis, is a very diverse species. Desiccation resistance has been rarely studied in L. monocytogenes, although it is a stress that is largely encountered by this microorganism in food-processing environments and that could be managed to prevent its presence. The objective of this stu...

Drying is a common process which is used to preserve food products and technological microorganisms, but which is deleterious for the cells. The aim of this study is to differentiate the effects of drying alone from the effects of the successive and necessary rehydration. Rehydration of dried bacteria is a critical step already studied in starter c...

Logarithmic reduction of studied pathogens as function of instantaneous and rapid rehydration at four relative humidity levels (11%, 25%, 44% and 58% RH). (XLSX)

Logarithmic reduction of studied pathogens as function of four rehydration mods (instantaneous, rapid, slow, and very slow) after drying at 11% RH for 90 min. (XLSX)

Osmoporation is an innovative method that can be used with food-grade yeast cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as natural encapsulating matrices. This technique overcomes barriers that difficult encapsulation and enables the internalization of fragile bioactive molecules such as fisetin into yeasts. In the present study, we assessed the effects of c...

Relative air humidity fluctuations could potentially affect the development and persistence of pathogenic microorganisms in their environments. This study aimed to characterize the impact of relative air humidity (RH) variations on the survival of Listeria monocytogenes, a bacterium persisting on food processing plant surfaces. To assess conditions...

An original high-pressure microscopy chamber has been designed for real-time visualization of biological cell growth during high isostatic (gas or liquid) pressure treatments up to 200 MPa. This new system is highly flexible allowing cell visualization under a wide range of pressure levels as the thickness and the material of the observation window...

Probiotic formulations are widely used and are proposed to have a variety of beneficial effects, depending on the probiotic strains present in the product. The impact of drying processes on the viability of probiotics is well documented. However, the impact of these processes on probiotics functionality remains unclear. In this work, we investigate...

The high diversity of the plant lipid mixture raises the question of their respective involvement in the definition of membrane organization. This is particularly the case for plant plasma membrane, which is enriched in specific lipids such as free- and conjugated- forms of phytosterols, and typical phytosphingolipids, such as glycosylinositolphosp...

Yeast cells are well adapted to interfacial habitats, such as the surfaces of soil or plants, where they can resist frequent fluctuations between wet and dry conditions. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is recognized as an anhydrobiotic organism, and it has been the subject of numerous studies that aimed to elucidate this ability. Extensive data have been...

Probiotic microorganisms have historically been used to rebalance disturbed intestinal microbiota and to diminish gastrointestinal disorders, such as diarrhea or inflammatory bowel diseases (e.g., Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis). Recent studies explore the potential for expanded uses of probiotics on medical disorders that increase the risk...

Internalization of hydrophilic molecules into yeast cytosol is required for different applications such as cell transformation or preservation of water soluble components by bioencapsulation. However, these molecules are not able to cross the plasma membrane and strategies have to be developed. Recent works revealed that osmotic perturbations could...

In a chemically defined medium and in Luria broth, cold strongly reduced maximal population density of Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 in anaerobiosis and caused formation of filaments. In cooked spinach, maximal population density of B. cereus in anaerobiosis was the same at cold and optimal temperatures, with normal cell divisions. The lipid containin...

La congélation et la déshydratation permettent la conservation de systèmes biologiques sur de longues périodes par le ralentissement des réactions de dégradation cellulaire. Ces opérations impliquent des transferts de chaleur et de masse pouvant conduire à l’altération des structures cellulaires. La maîtrise de la cinétique de ces transferts, asso...

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) arises as a consequence of mutations in the dystrophin gene. Dystrophin is a membrane-spanning protein that connects the cytoskeleton and the basal lamina. The most distinctive features of DMD are a progressive muscular dystrophy, a myofiber degeneration with fibrosis and metabolic alterations such as fatty infiltr...

Nucleotide sequences of the primers used for Q-PCR. The sequences are presented 5′–3′ and from left to right the forward and the reverse primer. (DOCX)

Fatty acid profile of the PL extracted from membranes of control and patient cells. The content for each fatty acid was determined and expressed in percent of the total amount of fatty acids. Those values represent the raw data used for making Table 1. Each number is the average of 7 independent experiments ± sem. (DOCX)

Edible films may act as carriers of active molecules, such as flavours. This possibility confers to them the status of active packaging. Two different film forming biopolymers, gluten and iota-carrageenans, have been compared. D-limonene was added to the two film formulations and its release kinetics from emulsion based edible films was assessed wi...

L’eau est un élément indispensable à la structure et aux activités des microorganismes, qu’ils soient procaryotes (bactéries) ou eucaryotes (champignons). La plupart sont adaptés aux fluctuations hydriques de leur environnement et disposent d’un arsenal métabolique qui leur permet de compenser les effets de la déshydratation, au moins lorsqu’elle e...

Engineering the interface of oil-in-water emulsion droplets with biopolymers that modify its permeability could provide a novel technique to improve flavour retention in dry powders. The objective of this study was to determine if volatile compounds were more retained in dry emulsions stabilized by pea protein isolate (PPI)/pectin complex than that...

Sterols, essential lipids of most eukaryotic cells, ensure important structural and signaling functions. The selection pressure that has led to different dominant sterols in the three eukaryotic kingdoms remains unknown. Here, we investigated the influence of the progression in the different steps of the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway (EBP) on the...

The plasma membrane (PM) is a key structure for the survival of cells during dehydration. In this study, we focused on the concomitant changes in survival and in the lateral organization of the PM in yeast strains during desiccation, a natural or technological environmental perturbation that involves transition from a liquid to a solid medium. To e...

Sterols are essential lipids of most eukaryotic cells and ensure important structural and signaling functions. They are represented by cholesterol in vertebrates, phytosterols in plants, and ergosterol in fungi. The specificity of sterols, in each eukaryotic kingdom, could be related to biological evolution but the origin of the differentiation rem...

Preservation of microorganisms by desiccation is a major industrial interest. However, study of cell survival mechanisms that occur during desiccation is complex. In this work, the impact of the magnitude and the kinetics of dehydration on yeast survival were evaluated in either hyperosmotic liquid medium or a gaseous environment. A same lethal mag...

The plasma membrane (PM) is a main site of injury during osmotic perturbation. Sterols, major lipids of the PM structure in eukaryotes, are thought to play a role in ensuring the stability of the lipid bilayer during physicochemical perturbations. Here, we investigated the relationship between the nature of PM sterols and resistance of the yeast Sa...

The plasma membrane (PM) is a main site of injury during osmotic perturbation. Sterols, major lipids of the PM structure in eukaryotes, are thought to play a role in ensuring the stability of the lipid bilayer during physicochemical perturbations. Here, we investigated the relationship between the nature of PM sterols and resistance of the yeast Sa...

Exposure of pancreatic β cells to long-chain saturated fatty acids (SFA) induces a so-called endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress that can ultimately lead to cell death. This process is believed to participate in insulin deficiency associated with type 2 diabetes, via a decrease in β-cell mass. By contrast, some unsaturated fatty acid species appear l...

Cette synthèse est consacrée au rôle de la membrane plasmique des microorganismes, à travers ses évolutions structurales et fonctionnelles, dans la survie à la déshydratation. Elle comprend une première partie dans laquelle sont regroupés les principaux résultats portant sur l’influence de la déshydratation sur la survie microbienne, sur le comport...

IntroductionExample 1: Effects of Combined Hyperosmotic and Temperature PerturbationExample 2: Effects of Combined High Hydrostatic Pressure, Low Temperature, and Hyperosmotic PerturbationsConclusions References

In this study, we investigated the kinetic and the magnitude of dehydrations on yeast plasma membrane (PM) modifications because this parameter is crucial to cell survival. Functional (permeability) and structural (morphology, ultrastructure, and distribution of the protein Sur7-GFP contained in sterol-rich membrane microdomains) PM modifications w...

Optimization of osmotic dehydration in different plant cells has been investigated through the variation of parameters such as the nature of the sugar used, the concentration of osmotic solutions and the processing time. In micro-organisms such as the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the exposure of a cell to a slow increase in osmotic pressure pre...

Stress within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) induces a coordinated response, namely the unfolded protein response (UPR), devoted to helping the ER cope with the accumulation of misfolded proteins. Failure of the UPR plays an important role in several human diseases. Recent studies report that intracellular accumulation of saturated fatty acids (SFA...

Yeasts are often exposed to variations in osmotic pressure in their natural environments or in their substrates when used in fermentation industries. Such changes may lead to cell death or activity loss. Previous work by our team has allowed us to relate the mortality of cells exposed to a combination of thermal and osmotic treatments to leakage of...

Edible films made of iota-carrageenans display interesting advantages: good mechanical properties, stabilization of emulsions, and reduction of oxygen transfers. Moreover, the addition of lipids to iota-carrageenan-based films to form emulsified films decreases the transfer of water vapor and can be considered to encapsulate active molecules as fla...

A detailed investigation into the mechanisms of nanocapsule formation by means of the two stages "emulsion-diffusion" process is reported. Such widely used process is still poorly understood. An emulsion of oil, polymer and ethyl acetate is fabricated as a first step; dilution with pure water allows ethyl acetate to diffuse out from the droplets, l...

Linoleic acid hydroperoxide (HPOD), substrate of hydroperoxide lyase, an enzyme of the lipoxygenase pathway, can be transformed into many aromatic compounds, the so-called "green notes". The presence of linoleic acid hydroperoxide in the culture medium of Yarrowia lipolytica, the yeast expressing the cloned hydroperoxide lyase of green bell pepper,...

Yeasts are often exposed to variations in osmotic pressure in their natural environments or in their substrates when used in fermentation industries. Such changes may lead to cell death or activity loss. Although the involvement of the plasma membrane is strongly suspected, the mechanism remains unclear. Here, the integrity and functionality of the...

The survival of Bradyrhizobium japonicum under hyperosmotic treatments achieved at various temperatures was investigated. The bacterial viability was measured at a combination of different levels of osmotic pressure (1.4-49.2 MPa) in glycerol solutions and temperature (4-28 degrees C). Viability was dependent on these two variables, with low temper...

An understanding of membrane destabilization induced by osmotic treatments is important to better control cell survival during biotechnological processes. The effects on the membranes of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae of perturbations similar in intensity (same amount of energy) but differing in the source type (heat, compression and osmotic gr...

The small heat shock proteins (sHSP) are characterized by a chaperone activity to prevent irreversible protein denaturation. This study deals with the sHSP Lo18 induced by multiple stresses in Oenococcus oeni, a lactic acid bacterium. Using in situ immunocytochemistry and cellular fractionation experiments, we demonstrated the association of Lo18 w...