Laure Mamy

• PhD
• French National Institute for Agriculture, Food, and Environment (INRAE)

Conservation agricultural practices based on mulching and herbicides use are becoming more widespread. However, they cannot be simulated with pesticide fate models used for risk assessment before placing pesticides on the European market. Thus, this work sought to assess and compare the performance of PRZM and MACRO models to replicate the moistur...

The intensification of agriculture has promoted the simplification and specialization of agroecosystems, resulting in negative impacts such as decreasing landscape heterogeneity and increasing use of plant protection products (PPP), with the acceleration of PPP transfers to environmental compartments and loss in biodiversity. In this context, the p...

Plant protection products (PPP) are extensively used to protect plants against harmful organisms, but they also have unintended effects on non-target organisms, especially terrestrial invertebrates. The impact of PPP on ecosystem functions provided by these non-target invertebrates remains, however, unclear. The objectives of this article were to r...

There is an urgent need by the European Union to establish baseline levels for many widespread pollutants and to set out specific levels for these under the Zero pollution action plan. To date, few systematic reviews, superseded by bibliometric analyses, have explored this issue. Even less research has been carried out to compare the efficacy of th...

The placing of plant protection products (PPPs) on the market in the European Union is governed by numerous regulations. These regulations are among the most stringent in the world, however they have been the subject of criticisms especially because of the decline in biodiversity. The objectives of this work were to review (1) the functioning and a...

Biocontrol solutions (macroorganisms, microorganisms, natural substances, semiochemicals) are presented as potential alternatives to conventional plant protection products (PPPs) because they are supposed to have lower impacts on ecosystems and human health. However, to ensure the sustainability of biocontrol solutions, it is necessary to document...

Copper-based plant protection products (PPPs) are widely used in both conventional and organic farming, and to a lesser extent for non-agricultural maintenance of gardens, greenspaces, and infrastructures. The use of copper PPPs adds to environmental contamination by this trace element. This paper aims to review the contribution of these PPPs to th...

Preserving biodiversity against the adverse effects of plant protection products (PPPs) is a major environmental and societal issue. However, despite intensive investigation into the ecotoxicological effects of PPPs, the knowledge produced remains fragmented given the sheer diversity of PPPs. This is due, at least in part, to a strong streetlight e...

Neonicotinoids are the most widely used class of insecticides in the world, but they have raised numerous concerns regarding their effects on biodiversity. Thus, the objective of this work was to do a critical review of the contamination of the environment (soil, water, air, biota) by neonicotinoids (acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiaclo...

Une expertise scientifique collective menée conjointement par INRAE et l’Ifremer dans le cadre du plan Écophyto 2 + a mobilisé, pendant 2 ans, un panel pluridisciplinaire francophone de 46 experts scientifiques. Ce travail, basé sur l’analyse de plus de 4 000 références bibliographiques, a mis en évidence que les produits phytopharmaceutiques conta...

Preservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services is critical for sustainable development and human well-being. However, an unprecedented erosion of biodiversity is observed and the use of plant protection products (PPP) has been identified as one of its main causes. In this context, at the request of the French Ministries responsible for the Env...

The quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) methodology has been developed and extensively used to predict unknown environmental data for compounds that have not been experimentally studied yet. QSAR is based on a large series of descriptors: such as the number of atoms, the number of bonds… (descriptive), or based on the 2D structure o...

Pesticide molecules in soils undergo different processes of biological, physical and physico-chemical origin, and occurring over different time (minutes to decades) and spatial (nm to km) scales. Pesticides are represented by a diversity of molecules having contrasting physico-chemical properties inducing various kinds of behavior in terms of persi...

French agriculture is increasingly using biocontrol products in response to societal and regulatory pressure to limit the use of conventional plant protection products (PPPs). However, this interest requires an understanding of the sustainability of biocontrol to perfect its development and use. Within the framework of a collective scientific exper...

Before their placing on the market, the safety of plant protection products (PPP) towards both human and animal health, and the environment has to be assessed using experimental and modelling approaches. Models are crucial tools for PPP risk assessment and some even help to avoid animal testing. This review investigated the use of modelling approac...

A wide diversity of plant protection products (PPP) is used for crop protection leading to the contamination of soil, water, and air, which can have ecotoxicological impacts on living organisms. It is inconceivable to study the effects of each compound on each species from each compartment, experimental studies being time consuming and cost prohibi...

Agricultural recycling of organic waste (OW) derived from urban, agricultural and agroindustrial sources is an essential sustainable development strategy. Yet repeated application of nutrient-laden OW in crop fields can also drastically boost contaminant levels in soil. This review focuses on the consideration of three categories of OW-borne contam...

A wide diversity of plant protection products (PPP) is used for crop protection leading to the contamination of soil, water, and air, which can have ecotoxicological impacts on living organisms. It is inconceivable to study the effects of each compound on each species from each compartment, experimental studies being time consuming and cost prohibi...

Reviewing the transformation pathways and analyzing the reactions undergone according to the matrices and the parent compound chemical structures may help to progress in our understanding of transformation processes of PPCPs. Of the 199 parent molecules initially targeted, 42% had no information on their transformation products (TPs). The transform...

Le projet RePP’Air vise à mieux appréhender les processus de transferts de produits phytosanitaires dansl'air via la mise en place d'un réseau de 7 dispositifs de mesures sur des espaces agricoles français,associé à des enquêtes de pratiques agricoles sur chaque site. Après 4 années d’étude, le projetRePP’Air a permis de mieux comprendre les mécani...

During wastewater treatment, incomplete elimination of micropollutants occurs. Recently, the potential impacts of the release of some micropollutants at the scale of France have been studied. These impacts calculations were incomplete due to a lack of characterization factors. In the present study, we used already developed machine learning models...

Several sustainable development goals cannot be achieved without implementing a new generation of environmental measures to better preserve or restore biodiversity and ecosystem services. However, understanding and addressing biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation is a challenging problem that is not solvable without integrating the best and l...

Following treatment, amounts of pesticides can reach the atmosphere because of spray drift, volatilization from soil or plants, and/or wind erosion. Monitoring and risk assessment of air contamination by pesticides is a recent issue and more insights on pesticide transfer to atmosphere are needed. Thus, the objective of this work was to better unde...

Organic matter decline and compaction are two major processes of soil degradation. Organic amendment is a current practice to compensate the loss of organic matter, which could in addition contribute to increase soil aggregate stability and limit compaction. Therefore, the objective of this work was to study the effect of multiple physico-chemical...

Despite the richness of data collected on pesticide concentrations in ambient air in France, knowledge on this topic remains partial and heterogeneous in the absence of specific regulations. Thepopulation exposure remains thus difficult to estimate; therefore it was necessary to define modalities for implementing national monitoring of pesticides i...

The dissipation and persistence of two cereals herbicides, chlorotoluron and flufenacet, were studied in a field experiment including three replicated plots of unamended soil (S), soil amended with spent mushroom substrate (S + SMS), and soil amended with green compost (S + GC), during the winter wheat cultivation campaign. The SMS and GC organic r...

Addition of organic residues to soil is a current farming practice but it is not considered in the modelling studies for pesticide risk assessment at regulatory level despite its potential impact on the pesticide dynamics in soil. Thus, the objective of this work was to examine and to compare the ability of PRZM and MACRO pesticide fate models to s...

Modelling of pesticide leaching is paramount to managing the environmental risks associated with the chemical protection of crops, but it involves large uncertainties in relation to climate agricultural practices, soil and pesticide properties. We used Latin Hypercube Sampling to estimate the contribution of these input factors with the STICS-MACRO...

Conservation tillage practices mainly based on cover crops and no-tillage with accumulation of crop residues at the soil surface (mulch) modify the environmental fate of pesticides. However, only few pesticide fate models are able to consider mulch of crop residues as well as the effect of intermediate cover crops. Thus, the objective was to develo...

Understanding the fate and ecotoxicological effects of pesticides largely depends on their molecular properties. We recently developed “TyPol” (Typology of Pollutants), a classification method of organic compounds based on statistical analyses. It combines several environmental (sorption coefficient, degradation half-life) and one ecotoxicological...

Modelling the fate of pesticides in European and French cropping systems: Integration of complex agricultural practices in risk assessment

Sensitivity analysis of the STICS-MACRO model to identify cropping practices reducing pesticides losses

Assessing human health risks from pesticide use in conventional and innovative cropping systems with the BROWSE model

Background: Reducing the risks and impacts of pesticide use on human health and on the environment is one of the objectives of the European Commission Directive 2009/128/EC in the quest for a sustainable use of pesticides. This Directive, developed through European national plans such as Ecophyto plan in France, promotes the introduction of innova...

STICS-MACRO is a process-based model simulating the fate of pesticides in the soil-plant system as a function of agricultural practices and pedoclimatic conditions. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of crop management practices on water and pesticide flows in contrasted environmental conditions. We used the Morris screening s...

The current challenge in sustainable agriculture is to introduce new cropping systems to reduce pesticides use in order to reduce ground and surface water contamination. However, it is difficult to carry out in situ experiments to assess the environmental impacts of pesticide use for all possible combinations of climate, crop, and soils; therefore,...

Fate and impact of pesticides: new directions to explore

Chlordecone (C10Cl10O; CAS number 143–50-0) has been used extensively as an organochlorine insecticide but is nowadays banned and listed on annex A in The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). Although experimental evidences of biodegradation of this compound are scarce, several dechlorination products have been proposed by...

Modélisation des flux de pesticides dans les systèmes de culture : effets de la variabilité du climat, des propriétés des sols et des pesticides et des pratiques agricoles Synthèse des résultats du projet Perform

Dans le contexte Ecophyto de la diminution du recours aux produits phytosanitaires, le projet ECoPESta pour objectifs (1) d’évaluer et de comparer les performances environnementales et sanitaires desystèmes de culture conçus avec l’objectif de réduire l’usage des pesticides, (2) d’établir un lien entrepratiques, pression et impacts des pesticides,...

Quels indicateurs microbiens pour évaluer l’impact écotoxicologique des pesticides sur des fonctions écosystémiques terrestres et aquatiques ?

Special Issue « Fate and impact of pesticides: new directions to explore”

STICS-MACRO is a process-based model simulating the fate of pesticides in the soil-plant system as a function of agricultural practices and pedoclimatic conditions. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of crop management practices on water and pesticide flows in contrasted environmental conditions. We used the Morris screening s...

Modelling the fate of pesticides in European and French cropping systems: integration of complex cropping practices in the regulatory risk assessment

A significant fraction of pesticides sprayed on crops may be returned to soils via plant residues, but its fate has been little documented. The objective of this work was to study the fate of glyphosate associated to plants residues. Oilseed rape was used as model plant using two lines: a glyphosate-tolerant (GT) line and a non-GT one, considered a...

Forcing MACRO pesticide fate model with STICS crop model to simulate pesticides flows in innovative cropping systems

A comprehensive review of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) allowing the prediction of the fate of organic compounds in the environment from their molecular properties was done. The considered processes were water dissolution, dissociation, volatilization, retention on soils and sediments (mainly adsorption and desorption), degra...

The performance of the pesticide fate model PRZM to predict the fate of two fungicides, penconazole and metalaxyl, and the major metabolite of metalaxyl (CGA-62826), in amended and unamended vineyard soils was tested from undisturbed soils columns experiments. Three different treatments were tested in two soils: control soil (unamended), and soil a...

I Contexte Le cahier des charges de l'agriculture européenne a profondément évolué : il s'agit de promouvoir une agriculture qui concilie production avec qualité des produits et préservation de l'environnement. C'est dans cette optique que l'axe 3 du plan français Ecophyto 1 (2008) a demandé d'innover dans la conception et la mise au point de systè...

Comparison of three pesticide fate models for two herbicides leaching under field conditions in a maize cropping system

Session 5 - Milieux impactés / Impacted media

A network of long term experimental sites to include quantitative modelling of pesticides losses in the multi-criteria assessment of innovating cropping systems

Comparison of three pesticide fate models for S-metolachlor leaching under field conditions in different maize cropping systems

An integrated model coupling architectural canopy development, disease dynamics, pesticide application, pesticide decay and effect of pesticide on disease dynamics has been developed. It allows simulation of the dynamics of epidemics overall a growth season, together with the evaluation of impacts on environment, yield reduction and erosion of pest...

The objective of this work was to study the effect of compost amendment and soil compaction on the fate and ecotoxicological impact (measured through two soil enzyme activities) of isoproturon. Compost addition and compaction did not affect significantly the fate of isoproturon. The lack of effect of compost can be due to the date of soil sampling...

Modeling of penconazole and metalaxyl mobility in undisturbed vineyard soil cores, unamended and amended with spent mushroom substrate

This poster presents ECHAP project objectives and methods. The ECHAP project is part of the « Evaluation et réduction des risques liés à l’utilisation des pesticides » program of Ministère de l’Ecologie et du Développement Durable. Canopy architecture may influence crop disease epidemics by inducing disease escape. Architecture also influences pes...

L'introduction de cultures génétiquement modifiées résistantes au glyphosate est supposée diminuer le nombre et les doses d'herbicides (le glyphosate ayant un large spectre d'action et une efficacité reconnue), donc réduire les risques de contamination de l'environnement. Cependant, les études qui comparent rigoureusement le devenir du glyphosate d...

Despite constraining legislation and increasing efficiency of pesticides (therefore decrease in the applied amounts), their use still cause a contamination of environment (air, soil and water). Therefore, in a global context of increasing production, a more significant decrease of pesticides use in agriculture is required to prevent additional cont...

Effect of compaction and compost amendment on the fate and ecotoxicological impact of isoproturon in soil

Temperature dependency of glyphosate and selective herbicides in soils: Consequences on risk assessment

Protection des aires d’alimentation de captage vis-à-vis des pesticides par l’utilisation de cultures intermédiaires : projet CIREPPE (2011-2014)

Soil is damaged by several threats and, among them, chemical contamination by pesticides and compaction. However, the effect of compaction on the fate of pesticides in soil, and the impact of pesticides on soil biological functioning are unknown. Therefore, we studied the effect of soil compaction on the degradation of the herbicide isoproturon, an...

Protection des aires d’alimentation de captage vis-à-vis des pesticides par l’utilisation de cultures intermédiaires : projet CIREPPE

The introduction of glyphosate-tolerant (GT) crops is expected to mitigate the environmental contamination by herbicides because glyphosate is less persistent and toxic than the herbicides used on non-GT crops. Here, we compared the environmental balances of herbicide applications for both crop types in three French field trials. The dynamic of her...

Environmental risks assessment of pesticides: the PRZM-USES method