Laura Billings

• Ph.D.
• Professor at Southwestern Illinois College

The effects of age, affect valence, and cerebral asymmetry on emotional response bias and response time in the discrimination of affective facial stimuli were examined. Subjects were 11 college-aged and 11 elderly women, all of whom were right-handed. The subjects were required to identify the affect depicted in Ekman and Friesen’s (1978) stimuli o...

Judging Others: StereotypingJudging the Self: Social ComparisonConclusions

Six studies regarding forgiveness are presented. The Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS), a self-report measure of dispositional forgiveness (with subscales to assess forgiveness of self, others, and situations) was developed and demonstrated good psychometric properties. Forgiveness correlated positively with cognitive flexibility, positive affect,...

The present study investigated processes of social judgment from the perspective of a minority group. Black participants evaluated either Black or White law-school applicants who possessed either strong or weak credentials. Consistent with predictions of the shifting-standards model (Biernat, Manis, & Nelson, 1991), a significant pattern of out-gro...

A study of race-based ingroup and outgroup judgment demonstrates the links between two models of social judgment—the ‘black sheep’ effect (Marques, Yzerbyt & Leyens, 1988) and expectancy-violation theory (Jussim, Coleman & Lerch, 1987). White participants had a live interaction with a Black or White partner who contributed to a team success or fail...