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The continued use of petroleum-derived fuels is unsustainable, as these fuels contribute to the environmental accumulation of carbon dioxide. Renewable fuels are necessary for environmental and economic sustainability. Microalgae appear to be the source of renewable biofuel that can meet the global demand for transport fuels. Like plants, microalga...

The role of mannanases is diverse and they are used in many industrial applications, in animal feed, in the food industry and in healthcare. They are also applied in biomass processing, because they play an important role in the breakdown of hemicellulose. Among the mannanase inhibitors, heavy metal ions and general enzyme inhibitors are mainly men...

We reviewed the new methods that can be used in the recycling of biomass, with regard to the modeling of enzymes and the new possibilities of their application. Progress has been made in the pretreatment of biomass, as well as in the diversity and application of the enzymes used, but based on molecular modeling, very little progress has been made i...

Recycling biomass is indispensable these days not only because fossil energy sources are gradually depleted, but also because pollution of the environment, caused by the increasing use of energy, must be reduced. This article intends to overview the results of plant biomass processing methods that are currently in use. Our aim was also to review pu...

Studies have determined that the white-rot basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium is capable of biodegrading the atrazine herbicide with its broad-specificity enzymes, but the particular role of biocatalysts is still unclear. In the case of lignin peroxidase, a ligand access channel connected to the active heme cofactor provides access to the ac...

Two yeast strains representing a hitherto undescribed yeast species were isolated from olive oil and spoiled olive oil originating from Spain and Israel, respectively. Both strains are strong acetic acid producers, equipped with considerable tolerance to acetic acid. The cultures are not short-lived. Cellobiose is fermented as well as several other...

Glycosyl hydrolases are a well-known group of enzymes, which hydrolyze the glycosidic bond between carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and different molecules. Glycosyl hydrolases play a vital role in the human body, and are widely used in industrial applications. Glycosyl hydrolases classification is based on substrate specificity and amino a...

Five yeast strains representing a hitherto undescribed yeast species were isolated from bee bread and honey in Hungary. They are obligate osmophilic, i.e. they are unable to grow in/on high water activity culture media. Following isogamous conjugation, they form 1–4 spheroid or subspheroid ascospores in persistent asci. The analysis of the sequence...

A simple adsorption mechanism of the organochloride insecticide DDT and it's most common metabolites DDD and DDE in the interlaminar layer of montmorillonite mineral is discussed in this paper, based on the results of molecular modeling. A model of a simple fragment of the montmorillonite crystal with the interlaminar layer was created and used. Th...

Keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation is strongly influenced by mechanical forces. We investigated the effect of osmotic changes in the development of HaCaT cells in culture using intracellular calcium measurements, electrophysiological recordings and molecular biology techniques. The application of hypotonic stress (174 mOsmol/l) caused a...

The aim of the study was to examine the effects of testosterone and oestrogen on the ECG parameters and expression of cardiac ion channels in male and female dogs, and to compare the dofetilide-induced lengthening of QTc interval in control, castrated and hormone-treated animals. ECG records were taken from male and female anaesthetized dogs (n = 1...

Concentration-dependent (10-1000 microM) effects of terpenoid phenol derivatives were studied on L-type Ca(2+) current in isolated canine and human ventricular cardiomyocytes using the whole-cell configuration of patch clamp technique. Carvacrol, thymol and eugenol suppressed peak Ca(2+) current at +5 mV, having EC(50) values and Hill coefficients...

The goal of this paper is two fold. First, we attempt to review the reports available on the role of I(Ks) in myocardial repolarization. Based on theoretical considerations and experimental results, it seems reasonable to assume that I(Ks)blockade will lengthen the action potential. However, results obtained with I(Ks) blockers, like chromanol 293B...

Present study was performed to compare the dynamics of human L-type calcium current (ICa,L) flowing during rectangular voltage pulses, voltage ramps, and action potentials (APs) recorded from epicardiac and endocardiac canine ventricular cells. ICa,L was recorded in single myocytes isolated from undiseased human hearts using the whole cell voltage...

The physiological role of chloride currents (Icl) in cardiac cells is poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to reveal the role of Icl in the genesis of early and delayed afterdepolarisations (EADs and DADs, respectively). First we identified Icl under action potential voltage clamp conditions as the anthracene-9-carboxylic acid (ANTRA...

The aim of this study was to compare the action potential configuration, contractility, intracellular Ca2+ and H+ concentrations in mammalian cardiac tissues bathed with Krebs and Tyrode solutions at 37 degrees C. In Langendorff-perfused guinea-pig hearts, loaded with the fluorescent Ca2+-indicator Fura-2, or H+-sensitive dye carboxy-SNARF, shifts...

The aim of the present study was to assess and compare the dynamics of L-type Ca(2+) current (I(Ca,L)) during physiologic action potential (AP) in canine ventricular cardiomyocytes of epicardial (EPI) and endocardial (ENDO) origin. I(Ca,L) was recorded on cells derived from the two regions of the heart using both AP voltage clamp and conventional w...

Thermobifida fusca TM51, a thermophilic actinomycete isolated from composted horse manure, was found to produce a number of lignocellulose-degrading hydrolases, including endoglucanases, exoglucanases, endoxylanases, β-xylosidases, endomannanases, and β-mannosidases, when grown on cellulose or hemicellulose as carbon sources. β-Mannosidases (EC 3.2...

Four strains of an unknown yeast species were isolated from rotten willow samples which were collected in Hungary. Although their phenotypic characteristics suggested that they were conspecific with Pichia pastoris, investigation of their small (18S) and large (26S) subunit rDNA revealed that they belonged to an undescribed yeast species. The descr...

Ten yeast strains representing six hitherto unknown methanol utilizing yeast species were isolated from tree exudate, bark and rotten wood samples. Following the sequencing of the D1/D2 region of their large (26S) subunit rDNA, the four ascosporogenous species were assigned to the genus Pichia, and the two anascosporogenous ones to the genus Candid...

In this study, the effects of risperidone, the widely used antipsychotic drug, on isolated canine ventricular myocytes and guinea-pig papillary muscles were analyzed using conventional microelectrode and whole cell voltage-clamp techniques. Risperidone concentration-dependently lengthened action potential duration in guinea-pig papillary muscles (E...

Concentration-dependent effects of thymol (1–1000 μM) was studied on action potential configuration and ionic currents in isolated canine ventricular cardiomyocytes using conventional microelectrode and patch clamp techniques. Low concentration of thymol (10 μM) removed the notch of the action potential, whereas high concentrations (100 μM or highe...

Based on earlier pharmacological studies performed using conventional microelectrodes EGIS-7229 (S 21407), the novel antiarrhythmic candidate, was suggested to have a combined mode of action in cardiac tissues isolated from various mammalian species. In order to characterize the electrophysiological effects of the compound, its effects on calcium a...

During sclerotial infection of Sclerotinia sclerotiorumthe mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans penetrates through the host cell wall, which contains β-1,3-glucan as its major component. A PCR-based strategy was used to clone a β-1,3-glucanase-encoding gene, designated cmg1, from a cDNA library of the fungus. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid seq...

The Bacillus licheniformis beta-galactosidase gene, lacBl, was cloned on a 5.8-kb HindIII fragment into pBR322 and expressed by its own promoter in Escherichia coli. Deletion and complementation analysis showed that the enzyme-encoding region was located on a 4. 1-kb HindIII-ClaI fragment. The transcription region for the lacBl was identified on th...

Soluble dye-labelled substrates were prepared for the specific and rapid screening and the measurement of endo-β-1,4-glucanase and endo-β-1,4-mannanase activities. Soluble carboxy-methylcellulose and locust bean galactomannan were dyed with Remazol Brilliant Blue R. A specific screening procedure was developed to isolate genes coding for cellulolyt...

A gene library of a newly isolated Cellulomonas sp. strain was constructed in Escherichia coli and clones were screened for endoglucanase activity using dye-labelled carboxymethylcellulose. Seventeen clones were isolated that carried DNA inserts coding for endoglucanase enzymes. Of the 17 clones, one carrying the gene cegA, was further characterize...

The plasmid pTnPFl containing the transposon Tn917PF1 was introduced into the protoplasts of two Bacillus licheniformis strains in the presence of polyethylene glycol. Transpositions were produced at high temperature which inhibited plasmid replication and kanamycin was used for selection.Transposon Tn917PF1 was inserted randomly into the bacterial...

A project célja az volt, hogy megismerjük az utódepolarizációk által kiváltott ritmuszavarok hátterében álló ionmechanizmusokat. Hagyományos- és akciós potenciál feszültség clamp technika segítségével tanulmányoztuk az akciós potenciál alatt folyó ionáramok tulajdonságait emlős miocardiumban. Matematikai modellek alkalmazásával a tanulmányozott ion...

A kardiális akciós potenciál és az annak hátterében lévő ionáramok regionális eltérésekeit vizsgáltuk kutya és egészséges humán szivekből izolált szívizomsejteken patch-clamp és Western-blott technikával, melynek során az alábbi fontosabb különbségeket kaptuk. 1. Az apicalis akciós potenciálok időtartama rövidebb, korai repolarizációjuk kifejezette...

A project célja az volt, hogy egészséges adult humán és embrionális kamrai preparátumokon immunbiokémiai ill. immunhisztokémiai módszerekkel, voltage-clamp, akciós potenciál clamp technikákkal feltérképezzük a felszíni membrán legfontosabb ioncsatornáit és azok regionális eltéréseit. A kísérleteket kutya szívizomsejteken is elvégeztük, mert a humán...