Lasse Gliemann

University of Copenhagen · Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports

Key points: Mechanotransduction in endothelial cells is a central mechanism in the regulation of vascular tone and vascular remodelling Mechanotransduction and vascular function may be affected by high sugar levels in plasma because of a resulting increase in oxidative stress and increased levels of advanced glycation end-products (AGE). In health...

Exercise is a potent stimulator of angiogenesis in skeletal muscle; a few weeks of aerobic exercise training can increase capillarization by 10–30% in sedentary individuals, and after years of progressive endurance training capillarization can reach levels that are over 200% higher in the trained than in untrained skeletal muscle. The present Conne...

AimThe aim was to elucidate whether essential hypertension is associated with altered capillary morphology and density and to what extend exercise training can normalize these parameters.Methods To investigate angiogenesis and capillary morphology in essential hypertension, muscle biopsies were obtained from m. vastus lateralis in essential hyperte...

The present study examined the effect of training by the 10-20-30 concept on performance, blood pressure (BP), and skeletal muscle angiogenesis as well as the feasibility of completing high-intensity interval training in local running communities. One hundred sixty recreational runners were divided into either a control group (CON; n = 28), or a 10...

Aging is thought to be associated with decreased vascular function partly due to oxidative stress. Resveratrol is a polyphenol, which, in animal studies has been shown to decrease atherosclerosis, improve cardiovascular health and physical capacity, in part through its effects on Sirtuin 1 signaling and through an improved antioxidant capacity. We...

Despite the frequent occurrence of congested game fixtures in elite ice hockey, the postgame recovery pattern has not previously been investigated. The purpose of the present study was therefore to evaluate the acute decrements and subsequent recovery of skeletal muscle glycogen levels, muscle function and repeated‐sprint ability following ice hock...

Aim: Histidine-containing dipeptides (HCDs) are pleiotropic homeostatic molecules with potent antioxidative and carbonyl quenching properties linked to various inflammatory, metabolic, and neurological diseases, as well as exercise performance. However, the distribution and metabolism of HCDs across tissues and species are still unclear. Methods:...

The endothelial glycocalyx (eGC) is a dynamic hair-like layer expressed on the apical surface of endothelial cells throughout the vascular system. This layer serves as an endothelial cell gatekeeper by controlling the permeability and adhesion properties of endothelial cells, as well as by controlling vascular resistance through the mediation of va...

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Abstract Background Identifying and reducing cardiometabolic risks driven by obesity remains a healthcare challenge. The metabolic syndrome is associated with abdominal obesity and inflammation and is predictive of long-term risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in otherwise healthy individuals living with obesity. Therefore...

Histidine-containing dipeptides (HCDs) are pleiotropic homeostatic molecules linked to inflammatory, metabolic and neurological diseases, as well as exercise performance. Using a sensitive UHPLC-MS/MS approach and an optimized quantification method, we performed a systematic and extensive profiling of HCDs in the mouse, rat, and human body (in n=26...

Purpose This study assessed the effects of upper-body rowing exercise on cardiorespiratory fitness, traditional cardiometabolic risk factors, and vascular health in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods Seventeen male and female adults with chronic (> 1 yr) motor-complete and incomplete SCI (level of injury: C4-L3) were randomized to...

Objectives: To examine whether colchicine improves β adrenoceptor-mediated vasodilation in humans by conducting a double-blinded, placebo controlled intervention study. Background: Colchicine treatment has known beneficial effects on cardiovascular health and reduces the incidence of cardiovascular disease. Studies in isolated rodent arteries ha...

Background: This study tested the hypothesis that training reduces resting sympathetic activity and improves baroreflex control in both hypertensive and normotensive men but reduces blood pressure only in hypertensive men. Methods: Middle-aged/older un-medicated stage-1 hypertensive males (mean age 55±3 yrs; n=13) and normotensive controls (mean...

Although ageing impairs cardiovascular health in both men and women, the timeline is different between the sexes. This is at least partially attributed to the loss of oestrogen in women at midlife, in connection with menopause. Oestrogen has protective effects on the cardiovascular system, and menopause consequently leads to a rapid and significant...

Aims: Colchicine treatment has known beneficial effects on cardiovascular health and reduces the incidence of cardiovascular disease. Studies in isolated rodent arteries have shown that colchicine can enhance β-adrenoceptor-mediated vasodilation. In this translational study we examined whether this effect of colchicine was present in humans by cond...

This chapter discusses the regulation of cerebral metabolism and fuel utilization at rest and during dynamic whole-body exercise in humans. The relative contributions of cerebral metabolic rates of key substrates (oxygen, glucose, lactate, ketone bodies) are outlined with respect to rest and exercise. A brief overview of the current gold-standard t...

Purpose: To investigate the effect of intensity and duration of continuous and interval exercise training on capillarization in skeletal muscle of healthy adults. Methods: PubMed and Web of Science were searched from inception to June 2021. Eligibility criteria for studies were: endurance exercise training >2 wks in healthy adults, and capillary...

Introduction: Regular exercise training reduces arterial blood pressure but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we evaluated the potential involvement of Pannexin-1, an ATP releasing channel, in the blood pressure-reducing effect of training. Methods: Middle-aged men; 13 normotensive and 14 non-medicated stage 1 hypertensive, completed...

Background In preclinical models, the pannexin-1 channel has been shown to be involved in blood pressure regulation through an effect on peripheral vascular resistance. Pannexin-1 releases ATP, which can activate constrictive purinergic receptors on the smooth muscle cells. Pannexin-1 opening is proposed to be mediated by α-adrenergic receptors to...

The decline in estrogen at menopause poses a critical challenge to cardiovascular and metabolic health. Recently, a growing interest in the role of phytoestrogens, with a particular focus on isoflavones, has emerged as they can bind to estrogen receptors and may mimic the roles of endogenous estrogen. Fermented red clover extract (RC) contains isof...

Aerobic training can improve vascular endothelial function in-vivo. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this improvement in isolated human microvascular endothelial cells. Sedentary males, aged 57 ± 6 years completed 8 weeks of intense aerobic training. Resting muscle biopsies were obtained from the thigh muscle and use...

Rationale: In women, the risk of coronary heart disease increases significantly after the onsetof menopause. Exercise and active lifestyle have known benefits such as a significantly reducedrisk of heart failure. To date, most of the knowledge on physical activity induced changes incardiac function in older individuals are based on males and with a...

The influence of glucose and palmitic acid (PA) on mitochondrial respiration and emission of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) was determined in skeletal muscle-derived microvascular endothelial cells. Measurements were assessed in intact and permeabilized (cells treated with 0.025% saponin) low passage endothelial cells with acute-or prolonged (3 days) i...

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the influence of lifelong regular physical activity on skeletal muscle capillarization in women. Methods: Postmenopausal women, 61±4 yr old, were divided according to self-reported physical activity level over the past 20 yrs: sedentary (SED; n = 14), moderately active (MOD; n = 12), and very active (VERY; n...

Exercise training is a powerful strategy to prevent and combat cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, although the integrative nature of the training-induced adaptations is not completely understood. We show that chronic blockade of histamine H 1 /H 2 receptors led to marked impairments of microvascular and mitochondrial adaptations to interval tra...

Purpose: Skeletal muscle vascularization is important for tissue regeneration after injury and immobilization. We examined whether complete immobilization influences capillarization and oxygen delivery to the muscle and assessed the efficacy of rehabilitation by aerobic exercise training. Methods: Young healthy males had one leg immobilized for...

Arterial thrombosis is the primary cause of death worldwide, with the most important risk factors being smoking, unhealthy diet, and physical inactivity. However, although there are clear indications in the literature of beneficial effects of physical activity in lowering the risk of cardiovascular events, exercise can be considered a double-edged...

The menopausal transition is associated with increased prevalence of hypertension, and in time postmenopausal women (PMW) will exhibit a cardiovascular disease risk-score similar to male counterparts. Hypertension is associated with vascular dysfunction, but whether hypertensive PMW have blunted nitric-oxide (NO)-mediated leg vasodilator responsive...

This study used an integrative experimental model in humans to investigate whether muscle angiogenic factors are differentially modulated by exercise stimuli eliciting different degrees of mechanical and metabolic stress. In a randomized crossover design, twelve men performed two low‑volume high-intensity exercise regimens, including short sprint i...

BACKGROUND The mechanisms underlying the effect of preconditioning on remote microvasculature remains undisclosed. The primary objective was to document the remote effect of ischemic preconditioning on microvascular function in humans. The secondary objective was to test if exercise also induces remote microvascular effects. METHODS AND RESULTS A...

PurposeAging impairs vascular function in women, with the largest detrimental effects occurring during the menopausal transition. Deficiency in the nitric oxide system has been suggested to be responsible for impairment in vascular function with aging, but recent observations suggest that the prostacyclin system, acting in redundancy with the nitri...

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide and risk factors include obesity, physical inactivity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Our aim was to investigate changes in CVD risk factors after an initial weight loss followed by 1 year of treatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist liraglutide...

Purpose The present study investigated muscle metabolism and fatigue during simulated elite male ice hockey match-play. Methods Thirty U20 male national team players completed an experimental game comprising three periods of 8x1-min shifts separated by 2-min recovery intervals. Two vastus lateralis biopsies were obtained either during the game (...

Purpose: We examined whether two weeks of one-leg immobilization would impair leg microvascular function and to what extent a subsequent period of intense aerobic cycle training could restore function. Methods: Study participants were healthy young males (n=12; 20-24 years of age). Leg microvascular function was determined before the interventio...

Key points: Increased insulin action is an important component of the health benefits of exercise, but its regulation is complex and not fully elucidated. Previous studies of insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation to the skeletal muscle membrane found insufficient increases to explain the increases in glucose uptake. By determination of leg glucos...

Introduction: The study evaluated the role of life-long physical activity for leg vascular function in post-menopausal women (61±1 years). Method: The study design was cross-sectional with 3 different groups based on their self-reported physical activity level with regard to intensity and volume over the past decade: Inactive (n=14); Moderately...

The study examined the effect of 8 weeks of exercise training on ATP signalling in human skeletal muscle of 15 young (25±1 years) and 15 older (72±1 years) recreationally active male subjects. Before training, femoral venous plasma [ATP] was higher (P<0.05) during low‐intensity knee‐extensor exercise in the older than the young group. During modera...

Background: Immobilization of skeletal muscle in a stretched position is associated with marked protection against disuse atrophy. Some intramyocellular changes in known proteins and post-translational modifications were previously linked to this phenomenon but there are likely many presently unknown proteins and post-translational modifications th...

As women enter menopause at mid-life, oestrogen production ceases and its many beneficial effects on cardiovascular health are lost whereby the age-related risk of cardiovascular disease is accelerated. Oestrogen acts via oestrogen receptors and can activate the oestrogen response element leading to upregulation of a number of proteins of importanc...

A number of mechanisms govern the rapid and precise changes in blood flow which occur in skeletal muscle with alterations in metabolic demand. Such mechanisms include sympathetic activity, functional sympatholysis, conducted vasodilation, flow mediated dilation, and compounds which stimulate formation of endothelium derived vasodilators. Compounds...

From 19th to 22nd November 2018, 26 researchers representing nine countries and a variety of academic disciplines met in Snekkersten, Denmark, to reach evidence-based consensus about physical activity and older adults. It was recognised that the term ‘older adults’ represents a highly heterogeneous population. It encompasses those that remain highl...

Purpose The prevalence of lifestyle diseases has escalated, and effective exercise training programmes are warranted. This study tested the hypothesis that regular participation in small-sided team handball training could provide beneficial health effects on cardiovascular, skeletal, and muscular parameters in young adult untrained men. Method Twe...

The author would like to correct the errors in the publication of the original article. The corrected details are given below for your reading.

Aim: The aim was to determine the role of aging and exercise training on endothelial mechanosensor proteins and the hyperemic response to shear stress by passive leg movement. Methods: We examined the expression of mechanosensor proteins and vascular function in young (n = 14, 25 ± 3 years) and old (n = 14, 72 ± 5 years) healthy male subjects with...

Objective The relationship between skeletal muscle perfusion, interstitial glucose concentration and sarcolemmal permeability to glucose in exercise-induced increases in muscle insulin sensitivity is not well established. A single bout of exercise increases skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity through coordinated increases in insulin-stimulated micr...

Since the first measurements of limb blood flow at rest and during nerve stimulation were conducted in the late 1800s, a number of methods have been developed for the determination of limb and skeletal muscle blood flow in humans. The methods, which have been applied in the study of aspects such as blood flow regulation, oxygen uptake and metabolis...

Female hormones fluctuate in concentrations during the menstrual cycle. This has triggered speculations among athletes, coaches, as well as researchers about the hormonal changes that lead to variations in athletic performance and adaptation to training. Many athletes, as in the general population, use oral contraceptives. This has raised questions...

Aging is associated with slower skeletal muscle O2 uptake (VO2) kinetics; however, the mechanisms underlying this effect of age are unclear. Also, the effects of exercise training in elderly on the initial vascular and metabolic response to exercise remain to be elucidated. We measured leg hemodynamics and oxidative metabolism in the transition fro...

The cover image, by Y. Hellsten and L. Gliemann, is based on the Review Limb vascular function in women—Effects of female sex hormones and physical activity, DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.3.

During exercise, blood is redistributed to meet the metabolic demands of the working skeletal muscle and to regulate core temperature and systemic haemodynamics, primarily mean arterial pressure. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

Aim: To explore how exercise-induced improvements in vascular and platelet function affect the efficacy of dual anti-platelet therapy, in a cross-sectional study of men with different physical activity level (training status). Methods: 42 healthy, normal-weight, middle-aged men were divided into 3 groups; untrained, moderately- and well-trained....

The ability of contracting skeletal muscle to attenuate sympathetic vasoconstriction during exercise, termed functional sympatholysis, can be improved by exercise training. However, to what extent age affects functional sympatholysis is unclear. Thus, the current study examined the effect of 8 weeks of high-intensity exercise training on α-adrenerg...

Coordination of vascular smooth muscle cell tone in resistance arteries plays an essential role in the regulation of peripheral resistance and overall blood pressure. Recent observations in animals have provided evidence for a coupling between adrenoceptors and Panx1 (pannexin-1) channels in the regulation of sympathetic nervous control of peripher...

Physical activity has the potential to offset age-related impairments in the regulation of blood flow and O 2 delivery to the exercising muscles; however, the mechanisms underlying this effect of physical activity remain poorly understood. The present study examined the role of cGMP in training-induced adaptations in the regulation of skeletal musc...

Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in the western world with aging being one of the strongest predictors of cardiovascular events. Aging is associated with impaired vascular function due to endothelial dysfunction and altered redox balance, partly caused by an increased formation of reactive oxygen species combined with a reduction...

Regulation of skeletal muscle blood flow is a complex process, which involves an integration of multiple mechanisms and a number of vasoactive compounds. Overall, muscle blood flow is regulated through a balance between vasoconstrictor and vasodilator signals. In a healthy cardiovascular system, the increase in muscle blood flow required for oxygen...

BACKGROUND:The aim was to investigate the molecular mechanisms behind exercise training-induced improvements in glucose regulation in aged subjects. METHODS:Twelve elderly male subjects completed 8 weeks of exercise training. Before and after the training period, the subjects completed an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and a muscle biopsy was...

Aim: The aim was to elucidate whether essential hypertension is associated with altered capillary morphology and density and to what extent exercise training can normalize these parameters. Methods: To investigate angiogenesis and capillary morphology in essential hypertension, muscle biopsies were obtained from m. vastus lateralis in subjects with...

The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of training status on the ability to induce a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response systemically as well as in skeletal muscle (SkM) and adipose tissue (AT) in human subjects. Methods: Seventeen young (23.8 ± 2.5 years of age) healthy male subjects were included in the study wi...