Larry Dwyer

University of Technology Sydney | UTS · UTS Business School

As the study of well-being has matured as a statistical and measurement agenda, it has gained relevance as a guide to public policy, generating more comprehensive metrics of human progress and embedding them in public policy initiatives and assessments. Internationally, a growing number of governments are attempting to ‘measure what matters’ throug...

In March 2024, UN Tourism (formerly UNWTO) released for publication the Statistical Framework for Measuring Sustainable Tourism (SF-MST). The SF-MST is claimed to give a full account of tourism’s current and future economic, social and environmental impacts, addressing the needs of visitors, the industry, the environment and host communities. An im...

An increasing number of tourism researchers now advance the notion of tourism degrowth as a serious and viable alternative to the mainstream, growth-oriented approach to managing tourism development. The paper seeks to clarify, at a conceptual level, the well-being implications of tourism degrowth, positive and negative. Following a discussion of t...

Despite the well-known adverse effects of economic growth, the core strategic goal of a high proportion of destination managers globally continues to be the pursuit of tourism growth. Proponents of the dominant ‘growth management’ view claim that tourism’s adverse environmental effects can be solved by ongoing ‘decoupling’ of economic growth from r...

Substantial conceptual and empirical challenges face tourism researchers, practitioners and policy makers in articulating the concept of sustainable development and in formulating strategies to achieve and maintain sustainable development of the tourism industry. These challenges include better understanding of the dynamics of the sustainability co...

To βιβλίο των Larry Dwyer, Peter Forsyth και Wayne Dwyer είναι ένα εισαγωγικό σύγγραμμα στα οικονομικά του τουρισμού κατάλληλο για προπτυχιακά αλλά και μεταπτυχιακά προγράμματα σπουδών στα οικονομικά και στη διοίκηση επιχειρήσεων. Επιπλέον, το βιβλίο αποτελεί εξαιρετικό εργαλείο και βοήθημα για τους επαγγελματίες του τουρισμού, που επιθυμούν να εμπ...

Tourism research must recognise recent advances in sustainability theory if it is to progress conceptually and in the policy domain. By applying the method of critical review, this paper demonstrates the relevance of the capitals approach to sustainable tourism development, with human well-being identified as the ultimate objective of the process....

This paper attempts to clarify our understanding of the ability of smart tourism to underpin sustainable destination development and the theoretical and practical challenges that must be faced in this process. Several challenges must be overcome if smart tourism is to associate with progress in achieving sustainable development at the destination l...

Recognising that well-being is a primary policy objective, tourism economics must incorporate resident well-being outcomes into conceptual analysis, empirical findings and policy assessment in a more inclusive way. Use of a well-being lens allows the research effort in tourism economics to convert tourism development impacts into resident well-bein...

Human well-being is an essential dimension of sustainable development. This implies that an understanding of well-being outcomes and associated indicators is necessary to determine the success of the global tourism industry in meeting the SDG 2030 Agenda. It is argued that assessment of tourism’s progress toward achievement of the SDGs is incomplet...

This paper accords productivity growth and enhanced resident well-being more prominent roles in the study of tourism destination performance than they are offered in current research. Not only is productivity analysis essential to addressing the challenges associated with enhancing residents’ material well-being, but it displays substantial promise...

The paper presents arguments for integrating resident wellbeing outcomes into destination competitiveness analysis. Despite increasing acknowledgment that resident well-being is the primary objective of achieving destination competitiveness, the established frameworks fail to accord it a central role in performance assessment. A well-being index is...

This is the first volume to examine and shed significant light on the issues, challenges and prospects presented by foreign direct investment (FDI) in tourism – a topic of increasing relevance in light of the COVID-19 pandemic and economic consequences. This book addresses the need to examine the TFDI phenomenon considering resilient tourism devel...

Political relations between countries can potentially affect and be affected by bilateral visitor flows. Applying various modified Granger causality tests, this article uses Japan and China as a case study of the possible bi‐directional linkages between tourism demand and political relations. Findings suggest that country relations do influence vis...

Despite substantial attention to sustainability issues, much of current research regarding tourism development does not fully appreciate the essential dynamics of the concept of sustainability, failing to appreciate the role played by changing capital stocks as sources of resident well-being. Since tourism development impacts on resident well-being...

The pandemic COVID-19 has severely impacted upon the world economy, devastating the tourism industry globally. This paper estimates the short-run economic impacts of the inbound tourism industry on the Australian economy during the pandemic. The analysis covers effects both at the macroeconomic as well as at the industry and occupation level, from...

As a contribution to a knowledge and understanding of tourism development, this book: (i) comprises reflective essays written by internationally-ranked scholars and tourism consultants with extensive experience, particularly in developing countries; (ii) considers extant themes, issues and challenges related to tourism and development; and (iii) of...

The Beyond GDP approach to development is gaining widespread support from policy makers and researchers worldwide. While not formulated specifically for tourism activity, the approach serves as a guide to measuring the current and future well-being of destination residents associated with tourism development. Inspired by the Beyond GDP approach, a...

Rapid tourism development accompanied by exponential increase in the number of tourists and visitors in destinations can disrupt the life of destination residents and negatively affect their support for (future) tourism development. On the other hand, residents economically dependent on tourism might have different attitudes toward tourism in compa...

This study simulates the short-run effects of an Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) and two auxiliary policies on the Chinese tourism industry. The results show that the ETS alone will increases energy prices and have significant adverse impacts on China’s economy. The adverse impacts are relatively stronger on the energy sectors than they are on touri...

In special event evaluation, given the shift away from standard economic impact analysis based on input–output modeling, increased attention is being paid to the roles that computable general equilibrium modeling (CGE) and cost–benefit analysis (CBA) can play in event evaluation. This article analyzes the strengths and limitations of CGE and CBA in...

Purpose This paper aims to provide a perspective on the economic assessment of special events. Design/methodology/approach Three main approaches to the economic evaluation of special events are distinguished. These are: standard economic impact analysis, computable general equilibrium modelling, and cost benefit analysis. An historical account of...

Air travel is predicted to grow over the coming decades contributing to carbon emissions. Airlines have offered voluntary carbon offsetting for over a decade, yet less than 10% of air travellers purchase them. Previous studies ignore the broader policy or social context of sustainable transport and aviation offsetting. In a natural experiment, a pa...

Place attachment has become an important concept in tourism-related research, with substantial relevance for the nature of the human-place relationship and behavioural intentions and outcomes. Following a review of the place attachment literature in tourism, this article reviews the studies on the conceptualisation of place attachment, its antecede...

Research question: The research questions are aimed at increasing knowledge about ski resorts’ sustainability. Achieving and maintaining sustainable operations and meeting sustainability requirements may be more important for some resorts than others. RQ1: Which sustainability indicators are part of pillars and requirements of ski resort sustainabi...

Explores the role of collaboration in tourism to sustain livelihoods, create profitable partnerships, and protect cultures and the environment.

Factors that motivate residents to communicate with potential tourists have not received adequate attention from researchers. Based on the environmental psychology and tourism literature, this study focuses on local residents' positive word-of-mouth behaviour about their destination region through two communication channels. Dimensions of place att...

The structure of this 3rd edition remains the same, with the exception of a whole new Part IV dealing with the 'New Business Ecosystem and Stakeholder-Driven Strategy'. All the 20 chapters have been updated or are totally new contributions. Part I ('Tourism Environment, Economic Development, Forecasting and Trends') brings in new insights into the...

Although China has progressively become an important inbound tourism market for Australia, its demand elasticities have been little studied to date. This study examines the determinants of Chinese visitors to Australia using a dynamic time-series estimator. Interesting findings include a high income elasticity as a source of the continuous doubledi...

This chapter ties together the main proposition of the book grounded in the tourism planning framework to dwell on the future of tourism and tourism research. It emphasises tourism’s power to transform society towards the more healthy state of being and discusses how travellers shape tourism development and what does it mean for the future of touri...

Place attachment has become a popular concept in tourism and environmental psychology. However, little research has explored its role in predicting place-related behaviors, compared to alternative place-related constructs such as place satisfaction. This article clarifies the differential impacts of place satisfaction and place attachment on a seri...

Chinese tourism demands in Australia have increased exponentially in recent time, driven largely by increases in the number of visitors. The hidden important fact of this market is its high price sensitivity, which is vital to the growth of the dominant Chinese tourism segment in the total inbound sector of the country. This article addresses a con...

As information technology progresses, Internet-enabled hotel distribution channels are replacing the traditional ones. Among such intermediaries, Online Travel Agencies (OTAs) play a crucial role in the hotel distribution. The recent economic crisis, coupled with the rise of social media has generated the interesting phenomenon of Daily Deals (DDs)...

The established mindset underpinning tourism planning, development and research is under attack from many quarters on the grounds that “business as usual” seems impossible to reconcile with sustainability. The paper first highlights key characteristics of the prevailing paradigm associated with tourism industry expansion globally. It then identifie...

How we use, or do not use our natural resources is a question that has been debated for millennia. Still an answer remains out of reach. It is a complex issue that often involves a social dilemma known as “the tragedy of the commons”. Many common pool resources, from fish stocks, to forests, to natural tourism destinations have an associated market...

Compared to the metrics of tourism seasonality or tourism income distribution, metrics of tourism spatiality remains under-explored. Our principal aim is to enhance the way we measure the geographic dispersal of visitors by developing a Gini index–inspired dispersal metric. We discuss the theoretical criteria for an ideal spatial metric and use the...

This study explores the underlying dimensions of destination competitiveness, analyzing the contributions of government and industry stakeholders in enhancing the competitive position of Serbia on the international tourism market. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used to explore latent dimensionality of “destination competitiveness...

Pressures on the ocean's natural assets inevitably will increase in the coming years as world population growth, economic growth, and increased international trade generate increasing demands for marine sources of food, energy, minerals, and leisure pursuits. This article explores the consequences for coastal and marine tourism resulting both from...

Increasing attention is being given to identifying the characteristics of the ‘ideal tourist’. While no single definition has the support of all researchers, attributes of the ‘ideal tourist’ commonly advanced include features such as ‘high spending’, ‘responsible’, ‘caring’, ‘involved’, ‘environmentally aware’, ‘culturally sensitive’, ‘seeking mea...

The paper identifies some major economic, social and environmental effects of gaming-related tourism in Macau, the world’s largest gaming location in respect of casino turnover. The main types of effects of casino development are typically those associated with growth machine theory. The paper also identifies major threats to the sustainable develo...

This article aims to examine the conjecture that geographic dispersal of visitors follows the power law using data on international visitors’ spatial distribution in Australia. Our finding suggests that as tourism market matures, the pattern of tourist dispersal tends to converge toward a specific power law distribution. The article provides estima...

The Centre for Economic Policy (CEP) located within Australia's Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research Centre, engaged with government, industry and researchers for over a decade to advance policy analysis in tourism contexts. This paper discusses the contributions of the CEP in three major areas-the development of tourism satellite accounts, eco...

The real exchange rate (REX) has long been used as the proxy for prices in tourism demand models. However it has limitations, particularly when it comes to models of outbound tourism. As an alternative, a price competitiveness index (PCI) is developed and used as a proxy for prices in a model of outbound tourism from Australia. Results obtained sho...

This book deals broadly with tourism planning and development from the perspective of Croatia, a major Adriatic tourism destination which is fast becoming one of the most popular vacation spots in the European Union. With the recent accession of Croatia to the EU, Croatia is undergoing a rapid political and economic transition and generating schola...

Purpose – Economic impact analysis in tourism has recently undergone a profound change in approach. In contrast to earlier emphasis on input-output (I-O) models, computable general equilibrium (CGE) models, are being used worldwide to estimate the resulting net macroeconomic and industry effects and for tourism policy analysis. The purpose of this...

The aims of event assessment are often unclear. Failure to clarify objectives has resulted in a less than satisfactory approach to event evaluation given that the two major approaches, economic impact analysis (EIA) and cost–benefit analysis (CBA), can give conflicting results. Since economic impacts do not equate to net benefits, an important topi...

Debates about competitiveness and productivity are practically unexplored with respect to tourism. This article posits a productivity-related measure—total tourism contribution to GDP per employee in tourism—in order to examine destination competiveness. Comprehensive results based on a destination competitiveness model are obtained by analyzing to...

Virtually all destinations seek to increase tourist numbers, pursuing economic maximization strategies. Considerably less attention is paid to optimizing existing tourist systems to create more profitable, stable, resilient and potentially more sustainable entities. While aspects of tourist expenditure, average length of stay and seasonality as thr...

Consumer protection measures enhance destination competitiveness, helping to minimise tourist dissatisfaction through more transparent and efficient market operations, while creating and maintaining customer loyalty, and consumer confidence. However, the impact of consumer protection on destination competitiveness is limited by certain complexities...

Globalization in tourism is an important area of promise and of concern. This paper first highlights the main drivers of globalization, distinguishing between economic, technological, social, demographic, environmental and political drivers. It then addresses several of the important effects of globalization in the context of tourism. These effects...

Since tourism is essentially integrated with other sectors in the economy, tourism trends cannot be considered in isolation from key drivers that will shape the world of the future. Key drivers can be grouped under 4 headings: the Global Economy and Globalisation; Natural Resources and Environment; Science and Technology; Demographics. Each driver...

A modified nine-quadrant importance–performance analysis is employed to assess the importance which Slovenian and Serbian tourism industry stakeholders attach to 48 nominated strategic activities to promote business and destination competitiveness. An important finding is that respondents in each country allocated the bulk of activities to the ‘kee...

The importance of Chinese students in Australia has been largely neglected in the tourism development and place branding of Australia. This study explores the factors that influence Chinese students’ word-of-mouth behaviors, as well as other behaviors influencing Australia as a tourism destination. Following a literature review, a taxonomy of word-...

Increasingly, developing countries are embracing international tourism as a source of economic growth. Tourism is one of the world's largest economic activities. It is the leading industry in many countries, as well as a substantial source of job creation worldwide. In recent years, three tools of analysis have become available to inform tourism po...

Music events are elements of entertainment that are important to people's social lives. Large indoor entertainment venues meet this need through the provision of entertainment such as live music performances. While large indoor entertainment venues impact the economies of the communities in which they are located, there is minimal research that inv...

Many destinations worldwide have enacted laws to protect consumers in general but which have relevance to tourists as consumers and thus destination competitiveness. The impact of any such consumer protection, however, is limited by certain complexities that erode consumer confidence within tourism contexts. These relate to unstable tourism environ...

The purpose of this study is to examine and compare the effect of residents’ different dimensions of place attachment on their word-of-mouth (WOM) behavior in two cities: Sydney, Australia and Shanghai, China. A six-dimensional construct of place attachment is proposed based upon a detailed literature review: four attitudinal dimensions (place iden...

To extend the discussion and application of place attachment to tourism-relevant contexts, this article proposes two neglected dimensions: place memory and place expectation. Combining these dimensions, a six-dimension construct of place attachment is tested using confirmatory factor analysis and found to be a good fit for data collected from two p...

Strategic flexibility provides an approach for tourism destinations to respond more readily to turbulent environments. It is a management method that can assist tourism suppliers to meet the challenges of achieving competitive advantage. The paper also explores the importance that is accorded to the facilitators or drivers of strategic flexibility...

The Australia tourism industry faces challenges associated with a boom in minerals exports. The erosion of the price competitiveness of destination Australia associated with exchange rate appreciation has adversely affected inbound and domestic tourism while generating increased outbound tourism flows. The mining boom has also driven up labor costs...

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This paper contributes to the literature on the linkages between tourism and migration. Though it is widely recognised that the two phenomena are closely linked, and that migration may induce visiting friends and relatives) tourism (VFR), there has been little econometric evaluation of the relationship. The present analysis draws upon Australian da...

Destination competitiveness has attracted much attention from researchers over the past two decades. The Integrated Destination Competitiveness Model has been used to explore destination competitiveness in many contexts including Australia, Korea, Slovenia, and Serbia. Given its popularity with tourism researchers and its application to destination...

This chapter addresses some important aspects of globalization and the role of transnational corporations in tourism. It first distinguishes economic, technological, social, and political drivers of globalization. It then addresses several of the important effects of globalization in the context of tourism. These effects include the effect on econo...

This study estimates the flow and expenditure effects of the recent increase in Australia's Passenger Movement Charge (PMC), as well as the economic impacts on the Australian economy and the tourism industry. After discussing the nature of the PMC, it outlines the types of industry stakeholder concerns as to its effects on tourism both before and a...

Online travel service companies allow the consumer to compare shop for hotel rooms. This makes it increasingly difficult for hoteliers to create a balance between revenue goals and channel management. In an effort to capture new markets and new customers, companies may choose to open new sales channels. This can lead to channel conflict-selling the...

The paper has two main objectives. First to discuss how IPA was employed to assess the importance of different strategies to underpin tourism development in Serbia. The second is to examine the implications of the findings for both destination managers and private tourism operators in Serbia that can assist them to develop a focused action agenda t...

Industry productivity growth measures the contribution to the growth of the economy that an industry delivers. Benchmarking international tourism destinations in respect of their productivity is often avoided due to the difference in tourism characteristics between destinations. This paper introduces a novel approach to destination benchmarking tha...

This book was conceived to fill a gap in the study of events and festivity with a research-oriented events management text. The book focuses on exposing underpinning theoretical frameworks and draws upon international case studies to help explain various event phenomena. It intentionally considers events from a research perspective, generating insi...

The efficient targeting of destination marketing depends not only on identifying markets that are currently or potentially high yielding but also on the cost effectiveness of marketing expenditure in different markets. At least three different types of yield measures that are relevant to return on marketing investment have not been clearly distingu...

The article assesses the potential economic effects on the Australian tourism industry from the introduction of a carbon tax introduced July 1, 2012. The tax is projected to lead to changes in key macroeconomic variables, reducing growth in real GDP, real consumption, and employment. Most tourism industries in Australia will experience a small but...