Larry W Douglass

• Doctor of Philosophy
• Professor Emeritus at University of Maryland, College Park

Objectives US pregnant women are at risk of dietary deficiencies of iron, folate, calcium and vitamin D and take Rx or non-Rx MVM supplements to optimize their nutritional status. The efficacy of a MVM is determined not only by its ingredient content but also by the ability of tablets and capsules to properly disintegrate and release nutrients. The...

Objectives Multi-ingredient dietary supplements (DSs) containing green tea (GT) were analyzed for their phytochemical content (seven catechins and caffeine) as part of a Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database project. The label information required by FDA is the weight of the GT extract or leaf powder, unless it is part of a proprietary blend (only...

Objectives US children ages 4 and older use multivitamin/mineral supplements (MVMs) formulated to meet the Daily Values for adults. To better evaluate the potential for nutrient adequacy and excess, it is helpful to determine actual ingredient content instead of amounts declared on labels. We tested children's MVMs and compared the products’ labele...

Adult MVMs are the most commonly reported dietary supplements in the US, with ~30% reporting their use. The analytically determined content of these products is ingredient specific, with some ingredients close to labeled levels and others significantly higher. The DSID ( http://dsid.usda.nih.gov ) reports analytically derived national estimates for...

Nutrition research continues to be important for consumers to make informed food purchasing decisions and is used in nutrition policy decisions. The objective of this study was to analyze the nutrient concentration of raw and cooked cuts from special-fed veal calves to update nutrient data in the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Referen...

Objective: We describe the purpose of the Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database (DSID), the statistical methodology underlying online calculators of analytically verified supplement content estimates, and the application and significance of DSID label adjustments in nutritional epidemiology. Background and history: During dietary supplement (DS...

A comprehensive beef study was initiated to obtain and compare representative retail beef nutrient data to include leaner and newly merchandised cuts available in the marketplace. A statistically based sampling plan was used to obtain 72 beef carcasses with nationally representative characteristics, conducted in three phases. Retail cuts were fabri...

Background: Multivitamin/mineral products (MVMs) are the dietary supplements most commonly used by US adults. During manufacturing, some ingredients are added in amounts exceeding the label claims to compensate for expected losses during the shelf life. Establishing the health benefits and harms of MVMs requires accurate estimates of nutrient inta...

Dietary supplement (DS) consumption plays an important role in achieving recommended nutrient levels for a large part of the U.S. population, and MVM are the most commonly consumed DS. Knowledge of DS composition based on chemical analysis rather than label declarations has become critical for more complete dietary intake assessment and for deciphe...

Beef nutrition research has become increasingly important domestically and internationally for the beef industry and its consumers. The objective of this study was to analyze the nutrient composition of ten beef loin and round cuts to update the nutrient data in the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference. Seventy-two carcasses repre...

Nutrient data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) are an important resource for U.S. and international databases. To ensure that data for retail beef cuts in USDA's National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference (SR) are current, a comprehensive, nationwide, multi-phase study was conducted. Samples were collected and analyzed in three...

Many women use OTC prenatal MVM products to optimize nutrient intake before pregnancy, during pregnancy and lactation. Most prenatal MVM are purchased as prescription products, but the OTC market has increased, especially in the natural health and direct sales channels. Using a statistical sampling plan, 71 DS products were purchased, with 16 from...

A study of a national sample of n‐3 fatty acid dietary supplement products included multiple lots of 83 fish oil, flax oil and fish/plant oil blends purchased from retail and direct channels. Products were analyzed for six n‐3 fatty acids using validated methods and certified reference materials, and data were compared to label information. Prelimi...

The objective of this study was to generate raw and cooked nutrient composition data to identify Quality Grade differences in proximate values for eight Beef Alternative Merchandising (BAM) cuts. The data generated will be used to update the nutrient data in the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference (SR). Beef Rib, Oven-Prepared, B...

The Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database (DSID) is a federal initiative to provide analytically‐derived estimates of ingredients in dietary supplements because the actual content may differ from the labeled amount. Release 2 provides data for children's multivitamins (MVMs), updates adult MVM estimates and is available at http://dsid.usda.nih.gov...

Clinical studies, laboratory tests, and field observations confirm that the barbed sting of a yellowjacket wasp,Vespula maculifrons (Buysson), often becomes firmly anchored in human skin. Although the wasp cannot pull away from (i.e.autotomize) its sting when this occurs, if the insect is forcibly removed by the victim, the sting apparatus tends to...

Low-grade inflammation precedes the development of obesity-related metabolic disorders in humans, but whether the same is true in the horse is not known. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of weight gain and diet on the inflammatory state of horses as determined by serum concentrations of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF), an infla...

The importance of seed burial to species presence on mid-Atlantic beaches was studied on Currituck Bank, North Carolina. Sand accretion and seed depth were measured and compared with potential shoot length and buried shoot length of dominant beach, foredune, and sand-flat species. Excessive seed burial plays an important role in the rarity of Uniol...

Soil water potential, leaf water potential, and stomatal conductance of Cakile edentula (Bigelow) Hooker were compared between beach and foredune habitats on Currituck Bank, North Carolina. All three variables were significantly lower on the foredune than on the beach. Low soil water potential on the foredune may contribute to low survival and grow...

In the Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database (DSID), ingredients in dietary supplement (DS) products are chemically analyzed and the results statistically evaluated for nutritional applications. The first data release, DSID‐1, reported on 18 ingredients in adult multivitamin/mineral (MVM) products. Recently, children's MVMs were studied. Represent...

The objective of this study was to test whether mammary AA metabolism and blood flow (BF) fluctuate in relation to changes in milk protein yield brought about by unilateral milking frequency. To investigate these relationships, the vascular systems of the mammary glands of 4 lactating goats were separated by ligation and flow probes were fitted aro...

The goal of this study was to determine the impact of enclosure size on space use and movement patterns of domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus), independent of group size and density. Research designed to estimate the effects of group size, density, or enclosure size involves inherent confounding between factors, clouding their individual effec...

The Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database (DSID) is a federal initiative to provide analytical validation of ingredients in dietary supplements. The first release on vitamins and minerals in adult MVMs is now available. Multiple lots of >100 representative adult MVMs were chemically analyzed for their nutrient content. Mean percent differences fro...

We evaluated breeding season (May–July) bird species richness, abundance, and diversity in 21 restored wetlands and several associated habitats (woodlots, cultivated and uncultivated fields, and hedgerows) on Maryland's Eastern Shore over two years. Ninety-seven bird species were encountered over all habitats, while 72 of these species were found i...

Soft shell clams, Mya arenaria, are found from Canada to North Carolina on the U.S. Atlantic Coast and from Canada to California on the U.S. West Coast. They are also found in several other parts of the world including Europe. The primary market for these clams on the U.S. East Coast is in New England. Clams are sold whole live or in one of the sev...

Although numerous studies have documented the use of surrogate organisms for the evaluation of pathogens in human food, reports on the use of such organisms for similar studies in animal feed are limited. In the current study, dry feed inocula of Salmonella Typhimurium cells or Bacillus stearothermophilus spores were prepared and used to evaluate t...

In the horse, the body condition score (BCS) system to assess subcutaneous fat deposition is a useful tool for making feeding management decisions. The system includes assessing fat deposition at six body areas (neck, withers, shoulders, ribs, loin, and tail head) and was developed in Quarter Horse mares. It has not been tested for use on other bre...

Adult MVM products, representing over 55% of national market share, were analyzed for nutrient content. Nationally representative samples of each product were obtained in 6 retail locations. Products were sent to independent laboratories for analysis, along with quality control materials. For each nutrient, mean percent differences from label (%DL)...

To examine the influence of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway gene polymorphisms on muscle mass and strength responses to strength training (ST), we studied 128 White and Black men and women before and after a 10-wk single-leg knee extension ST program. One-repetition maximum strength, muscle volume (MV) via computed tomography, and muscle q...

As part of a study initiating the development of an analytically validated Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database (DSID) in the United States (US), a selection of dietary supplement products were analyzed for their caffeine content. Products sold as tablets, caplets, or capsules and listing at least one caffeine-containing ingredient (including bot...

There is little information regarding the effects of strength training on intermuscular fat (IMF). This study examines changes in IMF in response to strength training in carriers of the adrenergic receptor (ADR) beta2Glu27 polymorphism versus noncarriers and between carriers of ADRalpha2b Glu(9) polymorphism versus noncarriers. Midthigh IMF and mus...

It has been reported that metabolic rates of striped bass Morone saxatilis and hybrid striped bass M. chrysops♀ x M. saxatilis♂ are different. A series of experiments were conducted to further characterize oxygen consumption and metabolism of striped bass and its hybrid, the sunshine bass. Oxygen consumption was measured to determine standard and r...

Three experiments were performed in single-pass, flow-through systems to determine the dietary phosphorus requirement of striped bass Morone saxatilis. In Experiment 1, three semi-purified diets were formulated to contain 0.20, 0.40, or 0.60% total phosphorus (entirely from animal protein) and were fed to striped bass having an average initial weig...

Previous reports have indicated there are significant differences in both the dietary lysine requirement and the metabolic rate of striped bass and its hybrids. However, there is very little directly comparative data to confirm these suggestions. A series of experiments was conducted to comparatively assess efficiency of protein and energy retentio...

DSID Overview DSID Overview The Nutrient Data Laboratory (NDL) at the U.S. Department of Agriculture is collaborating with the Office of Dietary Supplements at the National Institutes of Health, the National Center for Health Statistics at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)...

700.12 Abstract 700.12 Intakes of antioxidants beta-carotene, vitamins C and E, and selenium can be greater from supplements than from foods, so determination of actual levels in MVMs is important if accurate estimates of exposures are to be possible. We assessed frequency of reported percent Daily Value (%DV) levels in MVMs using NHANES 2001-02 da...

We tested whether the G894T and T-786C NOS3 polymorphisms were associated with exercise cardiovascular (CV) hemodynamics in sedentary, physically active, and endurance-trained postmenopausal women. CV hemodynamic parameters including heart rate (HR), systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures and cardiac output (Q), as determined by acetyle...

To investigate the effect of lutein supplementation at doses of 2.5, 5.0, and 10 mg/d for 6 months on distribution of these carotenoids and their metabolites in the serum of elderly human subjects, with and without age-related macular degeneration. To determine whether supplementation with lutein can interact with the serum levels of other dietary...

Low Ca/Mg ratios (a defining component of serpentine soils) and low water environmental conditions often co-occur in nature and are thought to exert strong selection pressures on natural populations. However, few studies test the individual and combined effects of these environmental factors. We investigated the effects of low Ca/Mg ratio and low w...

Center cut chops (longissimus dorsi), 2.5 cm in thickness, from 31 pigs experimentally infected with Trichinella spiralis larvae and containing 37 ± 5 larvae per gram were cooked to a final internal temperature of 66, 71, 77 or 82° C by one of eight methods to determine their efficacy in killing encysted larvae. The results indicate that with the t...

Hot- and cold-boned (HB and CB, respectively) restructured beef roasts were cooked in either: a conduction oven, convection steamer, low temperature cook/hold over or low temperature controlled humidity cook/hold oven. CB roast cooked in the conduction oven had higher cooking yields and lower shear values than CB roasts prepared by convection and l...

Boneless chucks from chilled mature bull and hot boned and chilled USDA Cutter-Canner cow carcasses were processed into patties after fat was adjusted and meat comminuted either by grinding or mechanical desinewing (0.19 cm, 0.25 cm, 0.19-0.25 cm double aperture, 0.25-0.32 cm double aperture heads). In comparison with grinding, use of smaller apert...

Salmonella and other pathogenic organisms that infect poultry and other livestock can originate from feed and environmental sources. Thus, measures are taken to control Salmonella infection in animals to improve food safety and reduce production losses. The current study was designed to investigate and optimize extrusion conditions for reducing bac...

Hot and cold boned restructured beef roasts were cooked by institutional methods and held either in slice form on a steam table or unsliced form in cook/hold ovens. The beef roasts were evaluated for textural and sensory characteristics after 1- and 2-h holding periods. Roasts held unsliced in a low temperature controlled humidity cook/hold oven ha...

In its role as an endothelial cell proliferation and migration factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) can affect peripheral circulation and therefore impact maximal oxygen consumption (Vo2 max). Because of the role of VEGF, and because variation in the VEGF gene has the ability to alter VEGF gene expression and VEGF protein level, we hyp...

The ACE I/D polymorphism has been shown to interact with habitual physical activity levels in postmenopausal women to associate with submaximal and with maximal exercise hemodynamics. This investigation was designed to assess the potential relationships between ACE genotype and oxygen consumption (VO2), cardiac output (Q), stroke volume (SV), heart...

Strength training (ST) is considered an intervention of choice for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. Reports in the literature have suggested that the insulin-like growth factor I protein (IGF-I) plays a major role in ST-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy and strength improvements. A microsatellite repeat in the promoter region of the IG...

To direct, fund, promote and communicate horticultural research, which increases the quality and value of ornamental plants, improves the productivity and profitability of the nursery and landscape industry, and protects and enhances the environment. The use of any trade name in this article does not imply an endorsement of the equipment, product o...

Rooted cuttings of ten hybrid elm (Ulmus) clones, including one named 'Patriot', and all derived from various crosses of 'Homestead', 'Prospector', 'Urban', and Selection 970, were established along with a randomly selected American elm clones and three disease-tolerant cultivars ('Frontier', 'Homestead', and 'Prospector') in a replicated field plo...

To examine the contribution of adrenergic receptor (ADR) gene polymorphisms and their gene-gene interactions to the variability of exercise training-induced body fat response. This was an intervention study that used a volunteer sample of 70 healthy, sedentary men (n = 29) and postmenopausal women (n = 41) 50 to 75 years of age, with a BMI < or = 3...

Poultry transport containers (PTC), when not adequately cleaned and disinfected each time after hauling live birds, carry the risk of introducing foodborne pathogens into the poultry processing plant as well as infecting subsequent batches of transported birds. In the apparent absence of a satisfactory system, we have evaluated a two-step decontami...

Poultry transport containers (PTC) require thorough cleaning and disinfection to eliminate the risk of introducing foodborne pathogens into the poultry processing line. The design, materials, and construction of a prototype decontamination tank developed for cleaning and disinfecting PTCs are described in this study. The decontamination tank (3.4 X...

We sought to determine whether common genetic variations at the beta2 (beta2-AR, Gln27Glu) and beta3 (beta3-AR, Trp64Arg) adrenergic receptor gene loci were associated with cardiovascular (CV) hemodynamics during maximal and submaximal exercise. CV hemodynamics were assessed in 62 healthy postmenopausal women (20 sedentary, 22 physically active, an...

Electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings were examined at the temporal (T3, T4) regions of the cerebral cortex in novice pistol shooters (N = 11) over a training period of 12-14 wk to determine changes in activation. Mean alpha power and its rate of change were hypothesized to increase in the left temporal region during aiming from early to late se...

Purpose: Electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings were examined at the temporal (T3, T4) regions of the cerebral cortex in novice pistol shooters (N = 11) over a training period of 12-14 wk to determine changes in activation. Mean alpha power and its rate of change were hypothesized to increase in the left temporal region during aiming from early t...

Effective and economical techniques to minimize production losses that result from heat stress are important in the broiler industry. Zone cooling, as opposed to whole-house cooling, during hot weather may be effective in relieving heat stress. The present studies seek to determine the effectiveness of such a practice. Two flocks (1 and 2) were rai...

A prototype system for the cleaning and decontamination of poultry transport containers was previously developed and evaluated as a means of eliminating foodborne pathogens entering poultry processing plants. While decontamination of the containers once with the use of either hot water (up to 70 degrees C) or sodium hypochlorite (up to 1,000 ppm) r...