Lance Dalleck

Western Colorado University · RESS

Background People with neurological disorders (ND) are less physically active than the general population due to physical, sensory, and/or cognitive impairments. These individuals often feel intimidated to join mainstream health and wellness centers due to lack of specialized support for people with ND. The Brain and Body Fitness Studio (BBFS) is o...

Background: Endometriosis is a debilitating chronic condition that is commonly associated with chronic pelvic pain, affecting approximately 10% of women of reproductive age worldwide. The general principle of pain management in this population involves both pharmacological and surgical interventions. There is also increasing interest in the use of...

High intensity functional training (HIFT) provides a potential option to meet public exercise recommendations for both cardiorespiratory and strength outcomes in a time efficient manner. To better understand the potential for HIFT as an exercise approach, energy expenditure (EE) and relative intensity need quantifying. In thirteen sedentary men and...

Fitness-fatness index (FFI) is used to identify those at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular events. It is measured as the ratio between an individual's cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and waist-to-height ratio. Studies suggest that CRF and waist-to-height ratio are modifiable and can be improved by exercise. However, there i...

High intensity functional training (HIFT) provides a potential option to meet public exercise recommendations for both cardiorespiratory and strength outcomes in a time efficient manner. To better understand the potential for HIFT as an exercise approach, energy expenditure (EE) and relative intensity need quantifying. In thirteen sedentary men and...

Background Many adults do not reach the recommended exercise participation guidelines, often citing lack of time as a barrier. Reduced exertion high-intensity training (REHIT) is a mode of exercise that takes as few as 10 min and has been shown to be as effective as other modalities. The Fitness Fatness Index (FFI) is a recently developed index tha...

A poor Fitness Fatness Index (FFI) is associated with type 2 diabetes incidence, other chronic conditions (Alzheimer’s, cancer, and cardiovascular disease) and all-cause mortality. Recent investigations have proposed that an individualised exercise prescription based on ventilatory thresholds is more effective than a standardised prescription in im...

The second ventilatory threshold (VT2) is established as an important indicator of exercise intensity tolerance. A higher VT2 allows for greater duration of higher intensity exercise participation and subsequently greater reductions in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of standardised and individualised exe...

Background Individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS) are at a greater risk for developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) than those without MetS, due to underlying endothelial dysfunction, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. Exercise is an effective primary and secondary prevention strategy for MetS; however, less than 25% of adu...

The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which the Tyme Wear smart shirt is as reliable and valid in detecting personalized ventilatory thresholds when compared to the Parvo Medics TrueOne 2400. In this validation study, 19 subjects were recruited to conduct two graded exercise test (GXT) trials. Each GXT trial was separated by 7 to 10...

Background Cardiorespiratory fitness and fatness (notably central obesity) are mediating factors of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and consequent cardiovascular disease (CVD)/mortality risk. The fitness-fatness index (FFI) combines these factors and has been reported to be a better indicator of CVD and all-cause mortality risk, beyond the capacity o...

The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which the Tyme Wear smart shirt is as reliable and valid in detecting personalized ventilatory thresholds when compared to the Parvo Medics TrueOne 2400. In this validation study, 19 subjects were recruited to conduct two graded exercise test (GXT) trials. Each GXT trial was separated by seven to...

Aim: We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of graded exercise tests (GXT) and compared ventilatory thresholds (VT1 and VT2) predicted from ventilation (PRED) to ventilatory thresholds derived from the gold-standard method using indirect calorimetry (TRUE). Methods: A cohort of 202 participants (132 women, 70 men; age range 18–69 years) completed GXT...

Background Cardiorespiratory fitness and fatness (notably central obesity) are mediating factors of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), and consequent cardiovascular disease (CVD)/mortality risk. The fitness-fatness index (FFI) combines these factors and has been reported to be a better indicator of CVD and all-cause mortality risk, beyond the capacity...

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare muscular fitness, anthropometric, and cardiorespiratory fitness outcomes between personalized, adaptive resistance training (ARX) and traditional moderate-intensity resistance exercise (MI-RE). Methods: Apparently healthy men and women (N=45) who reported no resistance training within the previous s...

Introduction: IL-22 may have a role in the alleviation of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) via protection of pancreatic beta and endothelial cells from oxidative and lipid-induced damage. We aimed to investigate the effects of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and different volumes of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on changes in...

Insulin resistance is a central mediating factor of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), with exercise training and metformin proven antidotes to insulin resistance. However, when the two therapies are combined there is conflicting data regarding whether metformin blunts or improves exercise training-induced adaptations. The volume of exercise (duration,...

This study sought to examine the effectiveness of a personalized, community-based exercise program at reducing MetS severity and consequently Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. One-hundred and fifty physically inactive participants (aged 18–83 years) were randomized to a non-exercise control group (n = 75; instru...

This study sought to determine if personalized moderate-intensity continuous exercise training (MICT) combined with high-intensity interval training (HIIT) was more effective at improving comprehensive training responsiveness than MICT alone. Apparently healthy, but physically inactive men and women (n = 54) were randomized to a non-exercise contro...

We sought to determine if there was an intergenerational association between parental weight, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and disease status, with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) in their young adult offspring. Young adults (n = 270, 21 ± 1 years, 53.3% female) were assessed for MetSyn and self-reported parent's CRF, body mass st...

Introduction The popularity of endurance events, and in particular, multi-day events, continues to increase. With the growing popularity of events such as the Tour de California, Ride the Rockies, along with multi-day destination cycling trips, it is important for athletes to focus not only on their performance, but also their recovery in order to...

This study sought to examine time course changes in maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) confirmed with verification testing following 12 weeks of standardized vs. individualized exercise training. Participants (N=39) were randomly allocated to differing exercise intensity prescription groups: ventilatory threshold (individualized) or % heart rate r...

This study sought to determine the effectiveness of an 8 wk reduced-exertion high-intensity interval training (REHIT) at improving cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and positively modifying cardiometabolic health in the workplace environment. Participants (n = 32) were randomized to two groups: (1) One group (n = 16) was prescribed an 8 wk REHIT prog...

Elyza E. Montano, Jamie M. Keith, Christina A. Buchanan, Lance C. Dalleck. Do Younger and Older Adults Experience Similar Adaptations to Individualized Exercise Training? JEPonline 2018;21 (6):41-59. The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to identify whether or not younger individuals experience greater training adaptations when compared to the...

Introduction: Ischemic preconditioning (IPC), a process of cyclically occluding and reperfusing blood to tissue, has been shown to preserve ATP, prolong vasodilation, and enhance exercise performance. Purpose: The aim of this study was to test the effects of IPC on repeated supramaximal cycling performance and recovery in 12 experienced cyclists. M...

This study sought to investigate the efficacy of standardized versus individualized exercise intensity prescription on metabolic syndrome (MetS) severity following a 12-week exercise intervention. A total of 38 experimental participants (47.8 ± 12.2 yr, 170.7 ± 8.0 cm, 82.6 ± 18.7 kg, 26.9 ± 6.7 mL·k −1 ·min −1) were randomized to one of two exerci...

Introduction: Despite knowledge of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) training responders and nonresponders, it is not well understood how the exercise intensity prescription affects the incidence of response. The purpose of this study was to determine CRF training responsiveness based on cohort-specific technical error after 12 wk of standardized or...

The purpose of this study was to quantify the time-magnitude changes in cardiometabolic health outcomes that occur with cessation of regular exercise training. All participants (n = 22) performed baseline testing, completed a 13-week exercise program, and completed post-program testing. Upon completion of the 13-week exercise program, participants...

Purpose: The high prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), prediabetes, and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases linked with prolonged sitting has created a need to identify options to limit sedentary behaviors. A potentially simple approach to achieve this goal in the university setting is to provide students the option to stand during cours...

We sought to determine the efficacy of 12 weeks high-intensity interval training (HIIT), compared to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on glucose control, cardiometabolic risk and microvascular complication markers in men living with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Both modalities were combined with resistance training (RT). Additionally, the st...

Padilla PA, Carrillo S, Montano EE, Buchanan CA, Dalleck LC. The Acute and Chronic Physiological Responses to Exercise with the Total Gym® Row Trainer™ in Adults. JEPonline 2018;21(3):133-145. This study determined the effectiveness of a 6-wk Total Gym® Row Trainer™ on improving fitness and cardiometabolic risk factors. Sixteen women and men (mean...

Purpose: The purpose of this study was (a) to quantify the acute cardiovascular and metabolic responses to Pickleball, and (b) to determine the effectiveness of a 6wk Pickleball intervention at positively modifying cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods: Fifteen women and men (mean ± standard deviation: age, weight, percent body fat, and maximal oxy...

Purpose: The purpose of this study was threefold: 1) to quantify the acute effects of cold water immersion (CWI) during different time periods of the recovery on exercise performance, 2) to determine whether there was a dose-response relationship between CWI duration and magnitude improvement in recovery, and 3) to quantify the chronic effects of C...

Purpose: To quantify the relationship between the change in exercise dose and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a cohort of patients participating in a community-based phase-3 cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program. Methods: A retrospective, pre-experimental (no control group) design of 58 participants that completed a phase-3, 12-week exer...

Keeling SM, Buchanan CA, Dalleck LC. What is the Optimal FIT of Sedentary Interruption Bouts to Improve Cardiometabolic Health? JEPonline 2018;21(2):1-18. The purpose of this study was to quantify differences in markers of cardiometabolic health with different frequency, intensity, and time (FIT) parameters to reduce sedentary behavior. The subject...

Background Even though cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) training elicits numerous health benefits, not all individuals have positive training responses following a structured CRF intervention. It has been suggested that the technical error (TE), a combination of biological variability and measurement error, should be used to establish specific train...

Purpose: Recent examinations have shown lower maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) during traditional ramp (RAMP) compared to self-paced (SPV) graded exercise testing (GXT) attributed to differences in cardiac ouput. The current study examined the differences in hemodyamic and metabolic responses between RAMP and SPV during treadmill exercise. Methods:...

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to quantify the performance-related benefits to training with a sauna suit. It was hypothesized that training with a sauna suit would elicit better improvements in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), ventilatory threshold, and 5km time trial performance (in temperate and simulated hot environments). Methods: Appar...

Purpose: Worldwide, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has more than doubled in adults. This epidemic is associated with many cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Training strategies exist for weight reduction, one of which is heat stress. Evidence has shown that exercise combined with heat therapy provides cardiovascular health benefits....

Background: Optimising exercise-induced physiological responses without increasing the risk of negative exaggerated responses is an important aspect of exercise prescription for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, knowledge of acute responses, including exaggerated responses, of different training modalities is limited. Aim: To...

Background: Insulin resistance has been postulated to play a central role in the co-appearance of various cardiovascular disease risk factors constituting the metabolic syndrome (MetS). There is evidence that altered cardiac autonomic function (CAF) may precede the onset of insulin resistance. Exercise training has been shown to improve CAF in dif...

Metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) represents a clustering of different metabolic abnormalities. MetSyn prevalence is present in approximately 25% of all adults with increased prevalence in advanced ages. The presence of one component of MetSyn increases the risk of developing MetSyn later in life and likely represents a high lifetime burden of cardiovasc...

Background: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is superior to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) at improving cardiometabolic risk. However, the optimal volume of HIIT to reduce the severity of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) has yet to be investigated. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of different volumes of HIIT and...

Introduction: The purpose of this short report was to examine the acute metabolic responses of exercise with a sauna suit (SS) under different exercise intensity and duration conditions. Methods: Twelve physically active men (age = 27.1±7.5 yrs, height = 175.4±6.3 cm, weight = 75.6±7.9 kg, maximal oxygen uptake – VO2max = 38.6±7.8 mL/kg-1/min-1) co...

People with type 2 diabetes typically present with comorbidities, such as elevated blood pressure, high cholesterol, high blood glucose, obesity and decreased fitness, all contributive to increased risk for cardiovascular complications. Determination of effective exercise modalities for the management of such complications is important. One such mo...

Background There is individual variability to cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) training, but the underlying cause is not well understood. Traditionally, a standardized approach to exercise prescription has utilized relative percentages of maximal heart rate, heart rate reserve (HRR), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), or VO2 reserve to establish exerci...

Purpose: Evidence suggests considerable heterogeneity in exercise-induced changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and common cardiometabolic risk factors, with some individuals even experiencing adverse responses when exposed to regular exercise training. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two exercise training programs for...

Aims/hypothesis The continuous demand for insulin in the face of insulin resistance, coupled with the glucolipotoxic environment associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS), adversely affects the quality of insulin produced and secreted by the pancreatic beta cells. This is depicted by increased circulating intact proinsulin concentration, which...

Aim: The purposes of this study were (a) to quantify the acute cardiovascular and metabolic responses to TRX Suspension Training, and (b) to determine the effectiveness of an 8-week TRX Suspension Training program at improving cardiorespiratory, muscular, neuromotor, and flexibility fitness and positively modifying cardiometabolic risk factors. Met...

Objective: Decreased aortic reservoir function leads to a rise in aortic reservoir pressure that is an independent predictor of cardiovascular events. Although there is evidence that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) would be useful to improve aortic reservoir pressure, the optimal dose of high-intensity exercise to improve aortic reservoir...

Objectives: The vulnerability of individuals with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) to cardiovascular events (CVEs) is attenuated by increased cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), despite the presence of obesity as a usual component of MetS. To better understand the importance of CRF and body fat in treating this condition, we investigated the relationshi...