Lalit Garg

• B.E., PGDIT, PhD
• Lecturer at University of Malta

Artificial intelligence (AI) has not just revolutionised but transformed medical operations, opening up new frontiers in treatment. This transformative power of AI has empowered healthcare professionals to overcome major obstacles in cost, accessibility, illness management, and therapy optimisation. Advanced AI technologies, such as Deep Learning (...

In today's globalized world, people from different parts of the world often communicate with each other for various reasons, such as business, travel, or personal interactions. However, language differences can create a significant hurdle in effective communication, leading to misunderstandings and even communication breakdowns. Machine translation...

The Internet of Things (IoT) revolutionises modern technology, offering unprecedented opportunities for connectivity and automation. However, the increased adoption of IoT devices introduces substantial security vulnerabilities, necessitating effective anomaly detection frameworks. This Paper proposes a secure IoT anomaly detection framework by uti...

11.1 Introduction Computer ergonomics has been an area of study for several decades due to the increased incidence of repetitive strain injuries and musculoskeletal disorders arising from the prolonged use of computers for work, education, and entertainment. Health problems resulting from the use of computers could be the result of several factors,...

The sharing of patient records between IT providers continues to be a significant problem for healthcare providers operating within the UK's National Health Service (NHS). The purpose of this research is to explore solutions to this interoperability barrier faced by healthcare providers, primarily in the acute and mental health hospital setting, wh...

By forecasting daily resource requirements for admissions, healthcare planners can develop a plan to ensure the efficient and effective quality of service at a minimal cost [1] to ensure the ideal use of resources [2]. Complex strategies are often required to solve problems of admission scheduling and resource requirements to efficiently and effect...

Intelligent Biomedical Technologies and Applications for Healthcare 5.0 covers artificial health intelligence, biomedical image analysis, 5G, the Internet of Medical Things, intelligent healthcare systems, and extended health intelligence (EHI). This volume contains four sections. The focus of the first section is health data analytics and applicat...

With the increasing need for secure communication and storage of sensitive data in various formats like text, audio and images, there is a growing concern for protecting this information from unauthorized access or data breaches. Although encryption techniques are widely used for secure data transmission, they may not be sufficient for hiding data...

The CloudyPages app is a precise and trustworthy platform for bloggers to create and effectively manage blogs. The CloudyPages application provides bloggers a platform for creating and managing their blogs. The application can achieve remarkable accuracy, precision, and review rates by utilizing AWS services, assuring minimal errors and enhancing t...

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in interest among researchers regarding air pollution analysis and detection. Understanding the correlation between air pollutant gases and weather parameters has become essential. The impact of air pollution on the environment, including flora, fauna, and human health, is significantly influen...

Rapid urbanization, population expansion, and escalating pollution levels have given rise to novel environmental concerns that demand the application of creative, analytical methodologies and diverse data sources. To ensure efficient urban ecological management, it is crucial to consider three levels of phenomena: the environmental system, the phys...

Over the past few decades, digitalisation has pushed patient care towards a new era, inducing the evolution of health care delivery and enhancing the overall sustainability of health systems worldwide. Despite the ever-evolving technology leading to a change in health care provision, the uptake of these novel technologies by medical professionals i...

Modern software needs modern infrastructure and architectural design. Cloud architecture solutions reference modern infrastructure, micro-services, and modular infrastructure. Cloud architecture is a reference for scalability, resilience, and also in terms of reachability. Services published on the Internet under the cloud label are accessible to p...

Taxi is a standard mode of transportation in all countries. Whenever a customer requests a taxi service, a waiting time is estimated to indicate how long the client will wait to be picked up. This paper develops prediction models that predict the waiting time for taxi services. These models have been used to develop historical trip information that...

This paper proposes a mobile application to assist households in keeping track of their income, spending, and investment requirements. It also enables individuals with limited or no investment experience to save and invest their money sensibly. It examines user income and expenditure trends relative to prior months to generate an appropriate invest...

Deep Learning in healthcare immediately affects a person’s health and well-being. Deep Learning in medicine helps in early diagnosis. Medical data retrieval is time-consuming. According to a study, breast cancer is more common among women than men. Mammography is a frequent computer-assisted diagnosis of breast cancer. Mammography isn’t always accu...

Cloud computing has impacted a broad range of industries, but this technology’s adoption throughout the marketplace has been uneven. Despite compelling cases for cloud computing, the upstream petroleum industry faces technical challenges, notably reliance on massive datasets, ongoing legacy investments in IT, data security, and most of all, experti...

Anomaly detection enables the identification of the nature of the outliers to determine if they are errors or new trends that need to be understood and learnt by the model for improved generalisation capability. Multivariate and univariate anomaly detection is used to find an unusual point or pattern in a given set. A substantial number of articles...

Air pollution plays a significant role in causing respiratory illnesses and fatalities, and it also contributes to global warming and environmental degradation. Recent advances in remote sensing technology have improved our understanding of the complex interactions involved. This review study offers a comprehensive examination of the current unders...

Since the invention of computers or machines, scientists and researchers are trying very hard to enhance their capabilities to perform various tasks. As a consequence, the capabilities of computers are growing exponentially day by day in terms of diverse working domains, versatile jobs, processing speed, and reduced size. Now, we are in the race to...

The past several decades have seen a shift in patient care towards digitalisation, which has ushered in a new era of health care delivery and improved sustainability and resilience of health systems, with positive impacts on both internal and external stakeholders. This study’s aim was to understand the role of digital virtual consultations in impr...

Healthcare professionals and resource planners can use healthcare delivery process mining to ensure the optimal utilisation of scarce healthcare resources when developing policies. Within hospitals, patients' Length of Stay (LOS) and volume of admitted patients, in terms of number and characteristics (age, gender, and social deter-minants), are sig...

In current digital era, information is an important asset for our daily life as well as for small and large-scale businesses. The network technologies are the main enablers that connect the computing devices and resources together to collect, process and share the vital information locally as well as globally. The network technologies provide effic...

The past several decades have seen a shift in patient care towards digitalisation, which has ushered in a new era of health care delivery and improved sustainability and resilience of health systems, with positive impacts on both internal and external stakeholders. This study's aim was to understand the role of digital virtual consultations in impr...

The science and technology of monitoring and analyzing biological data is known as biometrics. Biometrics refers to technologies that measure and analyze human bodily characteristics for authentication purposes, such as DNA, fingerprints, eye retinas and irises, voice patterns, facial patterns, and hand measurements. The discipline of biometric has...

Agriculture is undergoing a revolution from the deployments of traditional methods in carrying daily operations with the advent of Information Technologies and web based computing. As the activities involved in the agricultural practices become more bogging in recent times, the need for more instant communication becomes essential amidst key practi...

Stroke is a subsequent cause of death in the world and a primary reason for infirmity, with a high rising in developing countries. Most strokes are caused by an ischemic stroke which is a result of arterial occlusion. In most cases, strokes are found in people aged 55 and above. They occur more often in men than women although women tend to fall, v...

The study used the existing conceptualizations of peace and war journalism to create supervised machine learning text classifiers trained and tested to identify the war or peace orientations of news stories posted on social media. Peace-oriented journalists promote peace initiatives, ignore differences, and promote conflict resolution. In contrast,...

In recent years there has been a tremendous amount of data generated from various wireless sensor networks. These sensor networks generate a large volume of data. Traditional data processing systems do not process these data. An effective analytical model is required for efficient design and implementation of WSN’s and the data collection, processi...

They proposed a Human Disposition Analysis method during COVID-19 using machine learning (HuDA_COVID), where factors such as age, employment, addiction, stress level are studied for human disposition analysis. A mass survey is conducted on individuals of various age groups, regions & professions, and the methodology achieved varied accuracy ranges...

The problem of hospital patients’ delayed discharge or ‘bed blocking’ has long been a challenge for healthcare managers and policymakers. It negatively affects the hospital performance metrics and has other severe consequences for the healthcare system, such as affecting patients’ health. In our previous work, we proposed the phase-type survival tr...

Today there is a high rate of theft everywhere. Detecting the theft earlier is in high demand. The system which exists is popular using only using CCTV. But now a day’s lots of systems are available with many advanced algorithms. It makes the process more efficient. The proposed research work discusses face recognition and also weapon detection if...

With the rapid development of space technology, numerous applications are being developed utilising satellite imagery data, including environmental monitoring, meteorology and map making, mapping and monitoring the Earth's resources ecosystems and observing various particles in space. The satellite data can be analysed with the help of machine lear...

This special issue editorial introduces the latest development in emerging technologies of biomedical engineering, including big medical data, artificial intelligence, cloud/fog computing, federated learning, ubiquitous computing and communication, internet of things, wireless technologies, and security and privacy. In this special issue, nine manu...

The health monitoring for disease diagnosis and prognosis in a desired smart medical structure is realized by interpreting the health data. The advances in sensor technologies and biomedical data acquisition tools have led to the new era of big data, where different sensors collect massive medical data every day. This special issue explores the lat...

Background Quality of health service delivery data remains sub-optimal in many Low and middle-income countries (LMICs) despite over a decade of progress in digitization and Health Management Information Systems (HMIS) improvements. Identifying everyone residing in a country utilizing universal civil registration and/or national unique identificatio...

The blood-oxygen label dependent (BOLD) signal obtained from functional magnetic resonance images (fMRI) varies significantly among populations. Yet, there is some agreement among researchers over the pace of the blood flow within several brain regions relative to the subject’s age and cognitive ability. Our analysis further suggested that regional...

Background The energy-constrained heterogeneous nodes are the most challenging wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for developing energy-aware clustering schemes. Although various clustering approaches are proven to minimise energy consumption and delay and extend the network lifetime by selecting optimum cluster heads (CHs), it is still a crucial chal...

A Healthcare Cyber Physical System (HCPS) integrates physical healthcare processes with computation and communication. An HCPS has the capabilities to improve the monitoring, efficiency and management of healthcare processes. Due to the integration of intelligence with computation and communication, HCPSs can effectively manage healthcare processes...

Background: Referral linkages are crucial for efficient functioning of primary health care (PHC) systems. Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resource (FHIR) is an open global standard that facilitates structuring of health information for coordinated exchange among stakeholders. Objective: The objective of this study is to design FHIR profiles and p...

Cloud computing has created paradigm transitions from traditional computing. Acquisition rates increase with benefits such as lower costs and better utilization of resources. However, these benefits are accompanied by some of the challenges of computer forensics practice. The complexity of the Cloud computing, its key features, and its implementati...

Background: The government and partners have invested heavily in the health information system (HIS) for service delivery, surveillance, reporting, and monitoring. Sierra Leone’s government launched its first digital health strategy in 2018. In 2019, a broader national innovation and digital strategy was launched. The health pillar direction will u...

As the world has been severely affected by Novel Coronavirus, scientists have been working hard to study this rapidly evolving virus, its long-term and short-term implications, and how to stop its spread. As newer variants of the virus are discovered, it has become even more important to enforce the various steps required to curb its spread. We can...

Face Recognition techniques have been widely developed and used for many years. Several approaches and models are adopted and successfully used to perform face recognition in airports, supermarkets, banks, etc. However, with the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, the whole world came across the requirement to use face masks. The mask’s partial cov...

Current research on cloud computing often focuses on the technology itself and the benefits that one company can use and choose from cloud services. Most of the research has focused on mainstream enterprises and limited regard to Central Banks’ (CBs’) Cloud Computing Adoption (CCA). CBs are continually exploring opportunities to enhance IT efficacy...

Disruptive technologies are often seen as a significant change or an invasive alternative way of operating. In reality, however, these can enhance processes. An example of such a disruptive technology is 3D scanning, which has applications in numerous fields from healthcare to product development and art to simulation. This paper investigates how 3...

This chapter provides a review of the current state of corporate social responsibility (CSR) communication research and a theoretical framework on related topics. The analysis covers a period of twenty years (from 1997 to 2016) and statistically maps the streams of research advances on CSR communication, identifying top academic journals in the fie...

This article aims to analyze corporate social responsibility (CSR) communication in today's health care systems. The authors investigate the importance of CSR communication and the use of both traditional and interactive technologies for healthcare CSR communication, adopting quantitative research methodologies. In order to understand different app...

Health systems are currently facing a series of challenges dealing with continuous technology advances and social demands, which require changes at managerial and policy level that fully incorporate social responsibilities within healthcare organizations' strategy. Thus, communicating corporate social responsibility (CSR) takes an important role in...

This article reviews the literature to understand the current state of corporate social responsibility (CSR) application and communication in the healthcare sector. First, the authors provide a bibliometric analysis that quantifies the number of scientific publications regarding CSR in healthcare of the last ten years (2007-2016). Then, they presen...

Lack of attention, if it could not be taken care of and persists for a long time then may lead to a severe issue. Analysis of Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals can effectively measure attention and its deficit. This paper proposed an efficient classification system to analyse and predict cognitive attention or its deficit with less computational p...

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is treated as one of the most severe issues confronting Western public health systems. Physiotherapists rely on the patient’s self-reporting to collect the essential information, subsequently transcribed into a paper format. While paper-based techniques are helpful, they have drawbacks, requiring patients to recall thei...

Background: Years of health information system investment in many countries have facilitated service delivery, surveillance, reporting, and monitoring. Electricity, computing hardware, and internet networks are vital for health facility-based information systems. Availability of these infrastructures at health facilities is crucial for achieving n...

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is treated as one of the most severe issues confronting Western public health systems. Physiotherapists rely on the patient’s self-reporting to collect the essential information, subsequently transcribed into a paper format. While paper-based techniques are helpful, they have drawbacks, requiring patients to recall thei...

Web programmers no longer have the sole right to develop websites for entrepreneurs. This is because web creation has been simplified by do-it-yourself (DIY) website builders with ready-made design templates. In light of this, the study evaluated the merits and demerits associated with a DIY web-based platform for e-commerce entrepreneurs. The stud...

Malware’s key target is to compromise system security pillars, the confidentiality, integrity and availability. Spyware is a form of malware program that collect entity’s information including personal confidential information, activity logs on computing system, financial transaction, password and geolocation precision through monitoring target wit...

This book highlights the analytics and optimization issues in healthcare systems, proposes new approaches, and presents applications of innovative approaches in real facilities. In the past few decades, there has been an exponential rise in the application of swarm intelligence techniques for solving complex and intricate problems arising in health...

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system is a collection of collaborative software programs. It handles transactions through enterprise-wide business processes using shared databases, standard methodologies, and data exchange across and within functional domains. Setting up an enterprise system is a complex activity and a costly and dangerous inve...

This paper is an attempt to address merging or existing and emerging systems with enterprise strategy in mind that optimizes operational productivity based on different hardware and software. Recent studies have shown that organization's growth and developments have necessitated a further research-driven stance towards technology-based approach by...

Face Recognition techniques have been widely developed and used for many years. Several approaches and models are adopted and successfully used to perform face recognition in airports, supermarkets, banks, etc. However, with the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, the whole world came across the requirement to use face masks. The mask's partial cov...

Precision medicine (PM) is an emerging approach for disease prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and management that holds promise for improving the future of sleep healthcare. This concept of PM is guided by evidence-based medicine for treatment decisions by taking into account individual variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle factors. Chro...

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system is a collection of collaborative software programs. It handles transactions through enterprise-wide business processes using shared databases, standard methodologies, and data exchange across and within functional domains. Setting up an enterprise system is a complex activity and a costly and dangerous inve...

Background Teenage pregnancy remains high with low contraceptive prevalence among adolescents (aged 15-19 years) in Sierra Leone. Stakeholders leverage multiple strategies to address the challenge. Mobile technology is pervasive and presents an opportunity to reach young people with critical sexual reproductive health and family planning messages....

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are used to detect real-time changes in the deployed environment. This dynamic behaviour is either triggered by the deployed environment or by the user from outside. Because of their ability to monitor complex scenarios that change rapidly over time, wireless sensor networks are critical components of most advanced co...

Current research on cloud computing often focuses on the technology itself and the benefits that one company can use and choose from cloud services. Most of the research has focused on mainstream enterprises and limited regard to Central Banks' (CBs') Cloud Computing Adoption (CCA). CBs are continually exploring opportunities to enhance IT efficacy...

5G is a new universal wireless standard, a new form of mobile network engineered to bring everyone and everything virtually together. 5G is not only for mobile phones, but it is also the foundation for virtual reality (VR), the internet of things (IoT), and autonomous driving, connecting many electronic devices to the internet. Having good healthca...

Since the early 1990s, there has been a lot of enthusiasm for using high-speed connectivity to develop local community links through education, employment possibilities, fostering community events, and enhancing overall sociability within a local region. 5G is the 5th iteration of a broadband network operating on cellular systems. 5G is not only fo...

Due to its interpretability and intuitiveness, survival tree based analysis is a powerful Artificial Intelligence method for modelling longitudinal survival data, its relationship with covariates and the interrelationship between covariates. Furthermore, it is being increasingly used for a range of applications including clustering, prognostication...

Expert Systems are interactive and reliable computer-based decision-making systems that use both facts and heuristics for solving complex decision-making problems. Generally, the cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments are executed a random number of times (cycles) to get a stable production of power. However, presently there are not many algorithms or...

Drought is the least understood natural disaster due to the complex relationship of multiple contributory factors. Its beginning and end are hard to gauge, and they can last for months or even for years. India has faced many droughts in the last few decades. Predicting future droughts is vital for framing drought management plans to sustain natural...

BACKGROUND UNFPA launched two one-month campaigns to reach Sierra Leoneans at scale with critical Sexual Reproductive Health and gender-based violence messages during the Coronavirus 2019 pandemic. OBJECTIVE The intervention objective was to deliver Sexual Reproductive Health (SRH) and gender-based violence (GBV) messages to mobile phone subscribe...

Workflow scheduling is one of the significant issues for scientific applications among virtual machine migration, database management, security, performance, fault tolerance, server consolidation, etc. In this paper, existing time-based scheduling algorithms such as First Come First Serve (FCFS), Min-min, Max-min, and Minimum Completion Time (MCT),...

Monitoring the environment plays a significant role in the evolution of a smart city with enhanced safety, comfort, and security. One promising technology for smart environment monitoring is the radar-based moving object tracking and classification. Radar-based technology is known to provide better solutions compared to vision-based systems as the...

In recent years, there has been a dramatic change in attitude towards computers and the use of computer resources in general. Cloud and Edge computing have emerged as the most widely used technologies, including fog computing and the Internet of Things (IoT). There are several benefits in exploiting Cloud and Edge computing paradigms, such as lower...

Current research on cloud computing often focuses on the technology itself and the benefits that one company can use and choose from cloud services. Most of the research has focused on mainstream enterprises and limited regard to Central Banks' (CBs') Cloud Computing Adoption (CCA). CBs' are continually exploring opportunities to enhance IT efficac...

BACKGROUND Years of health information system investment in many countries have facilitated service delivery, surveillance, reporting, and monitoring. Electricity, computing hardware, and internet networks are vital for health facility–based information systems. Availability of these infrastructures at health facilities is crucial for achieving nat...

BACKGROUND Government and partners have invested heavily in the health information system (HIS) for service delivery, surveillance, reporting, and monitoring. Sierra Leone government launched her first digital health strategy in 2018. In 2019, a broader National Innovation and digital strategy was launched. The health-pillar direction will use Big...

UNSTRUCTURED Quality of health service delivery data remains sub-optimal in many developing countries despite over a decade of progress in digitization and Health Management Information System (HMIS). Uniquely identifying Patients within the care continuum is the only way to guarantee better outcomes hinged on shared health records. Many different...

According to various worldwide statistics, most car accidents occur solely due to human error. The person driving a car needs to be alert, especially when travelling through high traffic volumes that permit high-speed transit since a slight distraction can cause a fatal accident. Even though semi-automated checks, such as speed detecting cameras an...

The paper aims to be to identify how dashboards can be used to help Information and Communications Technology (ICT) production support teams to manage systems better and giving business stability and performance to be able to be more competitive. This includes forecasting potential problems that can occur as well as prescribe possible solutions bef...

Cloud enterprise resource planning (C-ERP) represents an evolution of traditional ERP, which also offers the advantages of cloud computing (CC) such as ease of use and resource elasticity. This article presents the opportunities and challenges of the C-ERP adoption for industry 4.0 in the United States as well as the factors that boost or hinder su...

BACKGROUND Referral linkages are crucial for efficient functioning of Primary Health Care (PHC) systems. Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resource (FHIR) is an open global standard that facilitates structuring health information for coordinated exchange amongst stakeholders. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to profile, present methodology...

Emotion recognition from electroencephalography (EEG) signals is a very cost-effective method to monitor the general well-being of an individual, an employee of an organization, or to cater to mental health patients. But it is a challenging task owing to the non-stationarity of the EEG signals. Extracting relevant features through signal processing...