Laith Al-Ani

University of Science Malaysia | USM

Tea, which is a popular non-alcoholic protective beverage, offers numerous health benefits such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancerous, and weight-loss effects. However, the moist and rain-fed conditions prevailing in the tea ecosystem favor rapid surveillance of devastating pests and pathogens, thus requiring constant application of plan...

Aspergillus flavus is one of the main contaminating mold species in most feed products, significantly impacting human and animal health. This study aims to isolate the epiphytic yeasts from the fruit Flacourtia inermis Roxb and test their potential ability to act as biocontrol agents for A. flavus. The antagonistic test was performed using a dual c...

Several degraded ecosystems worldwide need to attain a stable vegetal cover after mandatory active restoration; thus, plants soil, and soil biodiverse microbes can be taken into consideration for a successful mission. Among environmental and biological variables, interactions with soil and its microorganisms are critical for permanent plant establi...

Endophytic fungi, as a group of fungi, are ubiquitous endosymbionts in plants and important components of their fungi. The colonization of endophytic fungi within plant tissues demonstrably affects the rate of decomposition of woody materials. The interaction between fungal endophytes and plants is long established and studied due to the high diver...

Durio kutejensis, commonly known as Lai durian, has a unique characteristics of a creamy texture and a combination of sweet and bitter tastes. This study aimed to isolate and screen yeast from fruits as a potential probiotic agent. The tests consisted of tolerance to bile salt and gastric acid at pH 2, antibacterial activity against Listeria monocy...

Fungi are interesting organisms present in different environments, as soil, plant, animals, and water. Recently, all over the world, researches have focused on the bioactive compounds of many fungi, including volatile and non-volatile ones. Bioactive compounds are more beneficial in sustainable agriculture. The compounds showed efficiency in using...

Durio kutejensis, commonly known as Lai durian, has a unique characteristics of a creamy texture and a combination of sweet and bitter tastes. This study aimed to isolate and screen yeast from fruits as a potential probiotic agent. The tests consisted of tolerance to bile salt and gastric acid at pH 2, antibacterial activity against Listeria monocy...

Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium spp. are entomopathogenic fungi with potential applications beyond insect pest control, including plant disease suppression, plant growth promotion, and rhizosphere colonization. This study investigated the plant growth-promoting characteristics and extracellular enzyme activities of Metarhizium spp. and B. bassia...

Actinorhizal symbiosis naturally harbours beneficial categories of diverse plant growth promoting microorganisms (PGPMs), including the Frankia species. The beneficial microorganisms can be used as efficient, non-chemical and sustainable alternatives for adopting effective soil restoration programmes and revegetation schedules in chemical and indus...

Background The dark septate endophytes (DSE) are endophytic and non-mycorrhizal fungi with the ability to impact and control some plant pathogens and promote plant growth. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of five different DSE fungal isolates in controlling white root rot disease (WRRD) caused by the plant pathogen, Rigido...

Biocontrol agents are organisms efective against plant pathogens. In present study, random mutations were made to Bacillus velezensis (accession number KY214239) by UV irradiation and ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) to improvethe biocontrol capacity of B. velezensis strains. Mutant strain of B. velezensis (M3) showed increased biosurfactant producti...

Aims: In order to be competitive on the market, the production of biopreparations needs to be optimized, modeled and assessed in the early stages of its development. The aim of this paper was to optimize medium for the production of Trichoderma harzianum K179 biocontrol agent, to analyze its kinetics at enlarged laboratory scale and finally econom...

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbiosis, which may be found in almost all naturalistic habitats, perform activities such as nutrition uptake, stress modulation, growth stimulation, soil structure, and fertility management. AMF easily takes up phosphorus (P) from the soil and transports it to the plants. AMF facilitates host plants to grow vigo...

Pesticides (PS) are a significant tool for controlling plant pathogens, pests, and ‎weeds, which is important for crop economic yield. Pesticides are divided into two types: ‎natural compounds and synthetic compounds.‎ In addition, to use in agriculture, pesticides are used in a variety of fields, including industry and medicine. In agriculture, pe...

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbiosis, which may be found in almost all naturalistic habitats, perform activities such as nutrition uptake, stress modulation, growth stimulation, soil structure, and fertility management. AMF easily takes up phosphorus (P) from the soil and transports it to the plants. AMF facilitates host plants to grow vigo...

Nematophagous fungi are the most studied nematode-antagonistic organisms, and are efficient in controlling parasitic nematodes population on host. These fungi are prevalent in soil and the rhizosphere pathogens, saprophytes, or endophytes. From a biochemical point of view, enzymes play a fundamental role in the fungus-parasite interactive process....

Phytophthora infestans is a destructive pathogen in the tropical and the sub-tropical areas of the world. Identification of pathogens is very important to find successful disease control strategies. Here, we isolated and identified P. infestans, as well as, determined the morphological characteristics, on different media. The phenotypic characteris...

Nacobbus aberrans is a plant-parasitic nematode that causes great losses in economically major vegetable crops of the American continent. Crops such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) are severely damaged. Nacobbus abe...

Nacobbus aberrans is a plant-parasitic nematode that causes great losses in economically major vegetable crops of the American continent. Crops such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) are severely damaged. Nacobbus abe...

AimChromium (Cr) is a toxic elements and in high concentrations are phytotoxic. This study aimed to test the combined applications of poultry litter biochar and inorganic-fertilizers to ameliorate Cr toxicity.Methods Biochar, made of poultry litter, was added to Cr contaminated soils (0, 30 and 60 mg kg-1 Cr) either solely or in combination with mi...

Botrytis cinerea is a plant fungal pathogen causing the grey mold disease of rose ‎‎(Rosa indica L.). Finding new and alternative environment-friendly control strategies than ‎hazardous chemicals on different crop diseases is a crucial and healthy step to cope with ‎the current challenges of climate change. ‎ Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate...

Less nutrient availability and drought stress are some serious concerns of agriculture. Both biotic and abiotic stress factors have the potential to limit crop productivity. However, several organic extracts obtained from moringa leaves may induce immunity in plants under nutritional and drought stress for increasing their survival. Additionally, s...

In this review, we supply a framework for the importance of nematophagous fungi (nematophagous fungi [NF]) and their role in agricultural ecosystems.We characterize the taxonomy, diversity, ecology, and type of NF, depending on their interaction with plant- parasitic nematodes (PPNs). We described potential mechanisms of NF in the control of PPNs,...

Fusarium is producing several important mycotoxins including beauvericin (BEA). Two species of Fusarium viz. F. subglutinans and F. sacchari cause the Pokkahboeng disease of sugarcane. The studies on the occurrence and toxicity of BEA are scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the isolates of Fusarium and detect their ability to produce BE...

Plant growth promoting microbes (PGPMs) play major roles in diverse ecosystems, including atmospheric nitrogen fixation, water uptake, solubilization, and transport of minerals from the soil to the plant. Different PGPMs are proposed as biofertilizers, biostimulants, and/or biocontrol agents to improve plant growth and productivity and thereby to c...

Biofilm is an interesting niche for fungi and essential for growth, pathogenicity, and resistance that form high challenges both in current trends and in the future in the management of fungal diseases. Fungi cause many problems for different organisms in several fields such as in agriculture, livestock, and public health. Fungicides are widely uti...

Fungi are producing many secondary compounds such as siderophores that play an important role in the agriculture field. Siderophores are an essential compound produced by some fungal communities such as plant growth-promoting fungi (PGPF), biocontrol agent, and phytopathogen during iron deficiency. Iron is an essential compound for the fungi physio...

Fungi are very important microorganisms that are potentially utilized in different fields such as in agriculture and others. Fungi interact with plants as a useful factor or harmful factor. Useful fungi display a big role in agriculture sustainability. These fungi are of many types such as endophytic fungi and symbiosis fungi. The role of beneficia...

This study evaluated in vitro the morphology of ten strains of edible mushroom: Pleurotus ostreatus (strains 1123 and 0152), P. eryngii (strains 1290 and 1291), P. cornucopiae (strains 1328 and 1330), Coprinus comatus (strain 1103), Panus sp. (strain 801), Lentinula edodes (strain 401) and L. boryanus (strain 402) on different growing media. In add...

The interactions of plant–microbe enable various types of transformations in the rhizosphere, which might be harmful, neutral, or beneficial. These interactions are proved helpful to plants for enhancing the biological, chemical, and physical properties of soil by facilitating the nutrients balance of the soil. Mutualistic plant–microbe interaction...

The present paper reviewed publications on the nematocidal activity of edible mushrooms (EM) and their potential use as sustainable tools for the control of parasitic nematodes affecting agriculture and livestock industry. Nematodes are organisms living in the soil and animals’ guts where they may live as parasites severely affecting economically i...

Technologies are indispensable in our lives; one of the branches of the use of technologies is in agriculture. Today, sustainable and environmentally friendly technologies are necessary. In this task, the use of microorganisms is carried out which helps to provide a benefit to plant crops; in addition, there are biofertilizers, biostimulants, and b...

Microbes are present in the surroundings, on the surface, in the rhizosphere, and inside the plant all day. The continuous connection between microbes and plants leads to several interactions between them. The microbes play an important role for the improvement in plant growth and development. Microbes live in the environment of plants and exist on...

Biological control agents (BCAs) play an interesting role in improving plant health in the world. BCAs include three groups such as microbes, animals, and plants. The big difference among groups constitutes a difference in the method of enhancing plant health. The first group includes viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and fungi, whereas the second group...

This article provides an outline of the classification of the kingdom Fungi (including fossil fungi. i.e. dispersed spores, mycelia, sporophores, mycorrhizas). We treat 19 phyla of fungi. These are Aphelidiomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Basidiomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Caulochytriomycota, Chytridiomycota, Entomoph...

Different essential oils, fungicides and biocontrol agents against Aspergillus niger the causal agent of fruit rot in pomegranate. The importance of survey and sampling were done and the pathogenicity test against Aspergillus niger was performed. The antifungal potential of different essential oils like Laung, Turpentine, Castus root, Neem, Gulab a...

This article provides an outline of the classification of the kingdom Fungi (including fossil fungi. i.e. dispersed spores, mycelia, sporophores, mycorrhizas). We treat 19 phyla of fungi. These are Aphelidiomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Basidiomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Caulochytriomycota, Chytridiomycota, Entomoph...

Molecular Aspects of Plant Beneficial Microbes in Agriculture explores their diverse interactions, including the pathogenic and symbiotic relationship which leads to either a decrease or increase in crop productivity. Focusing on these environmentally-friendly approaches, the book explores their potential in changing climatic conditions. It present...

In this chapter we present an overview of the use of molecular techniques applied to beneficial microorganisms as biotechnological tools for the control of pathogens and pests of agricultural plants. The content of the chapter addresses issues such as: agricultural pests, diversity of pests that affect economically important media: viruses, bacteri...

Meloidogyne spp. considered highly dangerous on soybeans. It is very difficult to find the suitable method for controlling without affecting on the environment. Therefore, in this study we used Four treatments with a newly developed Bio-nematicide, BAU-Biofungicide, Bio-nematicide + BAU-Biofungicide including control were tested against root-knot (...

Meloidogyne spp. considered highly dangerous on soybeans. It is very difficult to find the suitable method for controlling without affecting on the environment. Therefore, in this study we used Four treatments with a newly developed Bio-nematicide, BAU-Biofungicide, Bio-nematicide + BAU-Biofungicide including control were tested against root-knot (...

The Trichoderma genus is an inhabited the soil and rhizosphere of the host plant. Trichoderma has many useful mechanisms that possible utilize in introducing the best microbe to the plants. The mechanisms comprise parasitism and non parasitism which are affecting the plant enemies. The mechanisms comprise (I) parasitism, (II) producing the secondar...

The avirulent strain of plant pathogens is spreading and living with a virulent strain of plant pathogen on the host or nonhost plant in the fields. The existence of many strains of plant pathogens, living in one niche leads the interaction among them. This interaction includes two kind, (A) Antagonism, and (B) Synergism. The useful role of avirule...

Endophyte fungi are amazing organisms with the ability to grow inside the host plant, particularly the medicinal plant, without any side effects on the plant tissues. These endophyte fungi can colonize and proliferate without causing any damage to the tissues of the medicinal plant, although many of the fungi genera are isolated from the medicinal...

Entomopathogenic fungi are very effective, ecofriendly alternative to the chemical pesticides for the biocontrol of pests and pathogens. Therefore, the focus on entomopathogenic fungi is back for having the high potential in control of insects. Entomopathogenic fungi are exposed to the loss in capabilities or trait in attacking and killing the host...

An endophytic fungus is a very great microbe that can grow in all parts of plant, root, stem, leaf, and fruit. These fungi are alive inside the plant as symbiosis or mutualism. Through the life cycle of this type of fungi inside plant is coming from secreting secondary metabolite compounds that possible utilizing for plant and other fields. Many of...

The inventors produced the recent patents of Trichoderma in high numbers. The recent patents included many fields not focused on biocontrol only. Although Trichoderma can be alternative method of the chemical pesticides, but it can be also involved in industries and clean the environment. Therefore, the inventors are working on discovery the recent...

Many species of Trichoderma produce and secrete chemically diverse, bioactive secondary metabolites against various antagonistic microorganisms, including phytopathogens. Both volatile and non-volatile secondary metabolites are highly efficient for the management of phytopathogens, even under field conditions. Hence, secondary metabolites can be us...

Non-pathogenic Fusarium are spread in different environments such as in soil, in rhizosphere and in planta. Non-pathogenic Fusarium secret many chemically diverse secondary metabolites for competing with other soil microorganisms. The role of secondary metabolites is working together with other modes of action. These mechanisms were comprised of my...

Fusarium proliferatum is a common pathogen for several crop plants and appearing in different climatic zones, and the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana has been using as biological control agents widely. Wheat flour insect Tribolium confusum is causing economic damage wheat flour in the stores. In this study, the pathogenicity test of F. pr...

Fusarium proliferatum is a common pathogen for several crop plants and appearing in different climatic zones, and the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana has been using as biological control agents widely. Wheat flour insect Tribolium confusum is causing economic damage wheat flour in the stores. In this study, the pathogenicity test of F. pr...

Fusarium wilt of banana is a very important fungus that caused the destruction of banana trees in the wide world. This strain is forming high dangerous on the banana Farming in many tropical and subtropical countries such as Australia, Malaysia, Jordan, Oman, and Africa (Ploetz, 2006; Ploetz et al., 2015). Fusarium wilt could not be controlled effe...

The fungus Trichoderma is spreading throughout different climate zones. Therefore, this enhances the chance to get some isolates having the ability to confront poor conditions. Several extreme conditions affect Trichoderma. In this chapter I focus on important parameters that have large effects on growth, bioactivity, and antagonism as biological c...

ICRES 2018, April 28- May 1, 2018 Abstract Book ISBN:978-605-67951-5-2

Trichoderma as biological control agents have been widely used against many plant pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, nematodes, and higher parasitic plants. This species of fungi has been considered to be very beneficial for different levels of life. It features remote sensing and is fast in attacking and suppressing the growth of plant p...

Fusarium proliferatum is a common pathogen for several crop plants and appearing in different climatic zones, and the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana has been using as biological control agents widely. Wheat flour insect Tribolium confusum is causing economic damage to wheat flour in the stores. In this study, the pathogenicity test of F....

This book includes 25 contributions from vastly experienced, global experts in PGPR research in a comprehensive and influential manner, with the most recent facts and extended case studies. Also, the chapters address the current global issues in biopesticide research.

This study was done to explore the influence of stem cells on cutaneous wounds in comparison with treatment with methandrostenoloneon drug. Cutaneous wound was induced on the back of each dog using disposable dermal biopsy punches . Twenty five dogs were divided into five groups: 1stgroup (T1) was control. 2nd group (T2) was induced without any tre...

Tveg1 - Trichoderma harzianum translation elongation

Fusarium solani

Trichoderma parareesei

This study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of Pseudomonas fluorescens in inducing systemic resistance against cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in cucumber plants. Seeds and roots were treated by a suspension of Pseudomonas fluorescens followed by seedlings inoculation with CMV at three growth stages; cotyledonary leaves, primary true leaves, an...

The effect of Pseudomonas fluorescens and the chemical fungicides $- aminobutyric acid to Fusarium oxysporum in banana disease has to the biocontrol solution of these bacteria. Under invitro conditions Pseudomonas fluorescens clearly inhibited Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense. At a concentration of (50, 200, 250, 350) μg/ml BABA did not inhibited...

Isolation and identification of fungi associated with food grains were carried out on 20 food grains including cereals: wheat, barley, corn, sorghum, fenugreek, millet; legumes: pea, peanut, chickpea, faba bean, kidney bean, cowpea, red and green lentil; oil-producing seeds, walnut, almond, hazelnut, sesame, pistachio and two animal feeds: diet and...

Isolation and identification of fungi associated with food grains were carried out on 20 food grains including cereals: wheat, barley, corn, sorghum, fenugreek, millet; legumes: pea, peanut, chickpea, faba bean, kidney bean, cowpea, red and green lentil; oil-producing seeds, walnut, almond, hazelnut, sesame, pistachio and two animal feeds: diet and...