Ladislav Paule

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• Prof. Dr.
• Professor (emeritus) at Technical University of Zvolen

The grey wolf (Canis lupus) is an iconic large carnivore that has increasingly been recognized as an apex predator with intrinsic value and a keystone species. However, wolves have also long represented a primary source of human–carnivore conflict, which has led to long-term persecution of wolves, resulting in a significant decrease in their number...

Significance A small and relict population of brown bears lives in complete isolation in the Italian Apennine Mountains, providing a unique opportunity to study the impact of drift and selection on the genomes of a large endangered mammal and reconstruct the phenotypic consequences and the conservation implications of such evolutionary processes. T...

To provide the most comprehensive picture of species phylogeny and phylogeography of European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), we analyzed mtDNA control region (610 bp) of 1469 samples of roe deer from Central and Eastern Europe and included into the analyses additional 1541 mtDNA sequences from GenBank from other regions of the continent. We detect...

The European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) is one of the most numerous and widespread ungulate species in Europe, which has complicated the assessment of its genetic diversity on a range-wide scale. In this study, we present the mitochondrial DNA control region (mtDNA CR) genetic diversity and population structure of roe deer in Europe based on th...

The Sicilian wolf represented the only population of wolves living on a Mediterranean island until the first half of the twentieth century (1930s-1960s) 1–7 . Previous studies hypothesised that they remained isolated from mainland wolves from the end of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) 8,9 , until human persecutions led them to extinction 1–7 . There...

Inbreeding depression poses a severe threat to small populations, leading to the fixation of deleterious mutations and decreased survival probability. While the establishment of natural gene flow between populations is an ideal long‐term solution, its practical implementation is often challenging. Reinforcement of populations by translocating indiv...

Gray wolves (Canis lupus) in Asia encompass most of the species' global genetic diversity and many endangered populations. However, a clear understanding of the evolutionary history of wolves from many parts of Asia, especially southern regions, is lacking. We used 98 whole genomes of wolves sampled across Eurasia to better resolve their evolutiona...

The complex of beech taxa in western Eurasia (Fagus sylvatica L. s.l.) represents one of the most widespread broad-leaved trees in the temperate forests of the northern hemisphere. Two subspecies are generally recognized, F. sylvatica ssp. sylvatica in Europe and F. sylvatica ssp. orientalis in southwestern Asia, but several strongly differentiated...

Although the European Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) is one of the most common and widespread ungulate species in Europe and inhabiting a variety of habitats, few studies have addressed its population structure at a large spatial scale using nuclear genetic data. The aims of our study were to: (i) investigate genetic diversity, level of admixture,...

The capercaillie is widespread throughout the boreal forests of northern Eurasia, but faces serious conservation challenges in the southernmost mountain ranges, where the populations are fragmented and some are critically endangered. To develop effective conservation strategies for these populations, it is essential to have information on both thei...

The Sicilian wolf remained isolated in Sicily from the end of the Pleistocene untilits extermination in the 1930s–1960s. Given its long-term isolation on the islandand distinctive morphology, the genetic origin of the Sicilian wolf remainsdebated. We sequenced four nuclear genomes and five mitogenomes from theseven existing museum specimens to inve...

The Siberian roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) is distributed throughout the continental Asia. Nowadays in eastern Europe there have been detected individuals of C. capreolus with mtDNA of C. pygargus but the origin of this introgression is not clear as there have been not many data available concerning the phylogenetic pattern of the Siberian roe deer...

Human-aided translocation of individuals within the species' range, assisted gene flow (AGF), has been suggested as a climate change mitigation strategy, especially for foundational species, such as forest trees. The benefits and risks of AGF largely depend on the genetic divergence between host and donor populations, their rate and direction of hy...

To provide the most comprehensive picture of species phylogeny and phylogeography of European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), we analysed mtDNA control region (610 bp) of 1469 samples of roe deer from Central and Eastern Europe and included into the analyses additional 1541 mtDNA sequences from GenBank from other regions of the continent. We detect...

Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequenece was tested in Acer ibericum for its suitability as a barcoding as well as population genetic marker. The marker was reliably used to identify A. ibericum as well as to gain preliminary insights into the genetic diversity of Georgian populations. MegaBLAST searches of studied samples against the GenBank da...

Planting of seedlings is the most reliable and speedy way of forest restoration. Routine spring planting of bareroot seedlings is frequently unsuccessful in central Europe. In this study, the effects of planting time and a spring-pre-planting application of ectomycorrhiza-hydrogel additive Ectovit and hydrogel Stockosorb on the development of barer...

A major concern in conservation biology today is the loss of genetic diversity in structured populations, which is often a consequence of habitat contraction and restricted gene flow over time. These dynamic biological processes require monitoring with temporal environmental and landscape genetic data. We compared the spatial genetic variation of a...

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are transmembrane proteins of the innate immune system, composed of the ectodomain involved in pathogen recognition and the intracellular Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain important for downstream signal transduction. Here, we analyze the genetic variability of TIR nucleotide and amino-acid sequences of the TLR2 ge...

Previous studies in hares and jackrabbits have indicated that positive selection has shaped the genetic diversity of mitochondrial genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation, which may affect cellular energy production and cause regional adaptation to different environmental (climatic) pressures. In the present study, we sequenced the NADH dehydro...

The phylogeography of the European wild boar was mainly determined by postglacial recolonization patterns from Mediterranean refugia after the last ice age. Here we present the first analysis of SNP polymorphism within the complete mtDNA genome of West Russian (n = 8), European (n = 64), and North African (n = 5) wild boar. Our analyses provided ev...

The aim of the research was to determine the origin of an isolated Atlantic Azorean population of heather (Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull). The chloroplast DNA analysis showed it possessed genetic affinities with 4 populations of the Dinaric-Pontic group in the extra glacial zone of the Mediterranean area as well as with a population from the Atlantic...

Context A comprehensive understanding of how rapidly changing environments affect species gene flow is critical for mitigating future biodiversity losses. While recent methodological developments in landscape ecology and genetics have greatly advanced our understanding of biodiversity conservation, they are rarely combined and applied in studies....

The abundance and distribution of large carnivores in Europe have been historically reduced. Their recovery requires multilevel coordination, especially regarding trans-boundary populations. Here, we apply nuclear and mitochondrial genetic markers to test for admixture level and its impact on population genetic structure of contemporary brown bears...

We present BeechCOSTe52; a database of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) phenotypic measurements for several traits related to fitness measured in genetic trials planted across Europe. The dataset was compiled and harmonized during the COST-Action E52 (2006–2010), and subsequently cross-validated to ensure consistency of measurement data among trial...

The distribution of nine chloroplast DNA haplotypes in four insular North-Atlantic and four European coastal Atlantic populations of Calluna vulgaris in the glacial zone of the range has been analyzed in comparison with that in six marginal southern populations in the nonglacial zone of the Atlantic and Mediterranean regions. As a result, two hypot...

The distribution of nine chloroplast DNA haplotypes in four insular North-Atlantic and four European coastal Atlantic populations of Calluna vulgaris in the glacial zone of the range has been analyzed in comparison with that in six marginal southern populations in the nonglacial zone of the Atlantic and Mediterranean regions. As a result, two hypot...

The Fagus sylvatica L. species complex in Europe and Western Asia comprises two commonly recognized subspecies, F. sylvatica subsp. sylvatica [= F. sylvatica sensu stricto (s. str.)] and F. sylvatica subsp. orientalis (= F. orientalis), and two putatively hybridogenous or intermediate taxa, “F. moesiaca” and “F. taurica”. The present study aimed to...

Interpopulation variation of relative and absolute genome size was studied in Fagus sylvatica subsp. sylvatica and subsp. orientalis. The study included 18 populations of beech planted in a common-garden experiment in central Slovakia and three additional populations from the Caucasus. Nuclear DNA content was determined by means of flow cytometry u...

Aim Climatic changes during the Late Pleistocene had major impacts on populations of plant and animal species. Brown bears and other large mammals are likely to have experienced analogous ecological pressures and phylogeographical processes. Here, we address several unresolved issues regarding the Late Pleistocene demography of brown bears: (1) the...

The mountain spruce forests of the Western Carpathians have experienced a dramatic deterioration in the last decades increasing the landscape fragmentation. This considerably affected the Western capercaillie population recently surviving within small habitat patches surrounded by unfavourable habitats. Our study shows that the long-term isolation...

The Balkan Peninsula is one of the largest and most important European glacial refugia. However, the evolutionary history and phylogeographic pattern of temperate tree species that survived in the Balkans glacial refugia and their contribution to the genetic structure of the current population in the Carpathian Mountains remains poorly understood....

The eastern-Mediterranean Abies taxa, which include both widely distributed species and taxa with minuscule ranges, represent a good model to study the impacts of range size and fragmentation on the levels of genetic diversity and differentiation. To assess the patterns of genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among eastern-Mediterranean...

- Background and Aims Diversity of the genus Sorbus has been affected by interspecific hybridizations. Pink-flowered hybrid species have been insufficiently studied so far. They comprise bigenomic hybrid species derived from crosses S. aria s.l. x S. chamaemespilus and trigenomic ones, where S. aucuparia was involved as well. The main objective of...

Sweet chestnut is a tree of great economic (fruit and wood production), ecological, and cultural importance in Europe. A large-scale landscape genetic analysis of natural populations of sweet chestnut across Europe is applied to (1) evaluate the geographic patterns of genetic diversity, (2) identify spatial coincidences between genetic discontinuit...

Postglaciálna história hrabu v juhovýchodnej Európe je v porovnaní so západnou Európou pomerne zaujímavá a jedinečná. Na základe palynologických štúdií bola identifikovaná epizóda v histórií Európskych lesov, v ktorej bola prítomná unikátna hrabová zóna, ktorá sa nachádzala medzi zónou dubu a smreku. V tejto práci sme skúmali populačnú štruktúru a...

The genus Abies is represented in southern Balkans by A. alba, A. cephalonica and A. borisii-regis. To infer the status of southern-Balkans firs, as well as the extent and patterns of introgression within this taxonomical complex, we analyzed genetic variation patterns of 29 indigenous fir populations in Bulgaria, Macedonia, Greece and Calabria usi...

The hornbeam has an interesting and distinct postglacial evolution in the Balkan area (Carpathians and Balkan Mountains) compared with Western Europe. Palynological studies revealed a unique episode in the European forests history, with a distinct hornbeam layer between oak and spruce forests, specific for the Carpathians and Balkan Mountains (Fărc...

Vydané v roku 2016, MŠVVŠ SR a APVV: VÝSKUMNÉ PROJEKTY S VYNIKAJÚCOU ÚROVŇOU ISBN 978-80-972311-0-1, str.66-67 http://online.anyflip.com/qjqt/jxnm/#p=1 Riešiteľská organizácia: NPPC-Výskumný ústav živočíšnej výroby Nitra Spoluriešiteľ: Lesnícka fakulta, Technická univerzita Zvolen Termín riešenia: 01.05.2011 – 31.08.2014 Suma poskytnutých finančnýc...

Aim Phylogeographical studies of Eastern Mediterranean species are rare. We aim to fill a gap in the current understanding of the role of Eastern Mediterranean glacial refugia, and their connections with other refugia across Europe. To this end, we studied the genetic diversity distribution and genetic structure of the modern population of Quercus...

Population structure and barriers to gene flow are important components for understanding the evolutionary history of a species. Here we study population structure and differentiation in the western capercaillie (Aves: Phasianidae) along the Carpathian Mountains. Further, we compared the levels of population differentiation among capercaillie from...

Population structure and barriers to gene flow are important components for understanding the evolutionary history of a species. Here we study population structure and differentiation in the western capercaillie (Aves: Phasianidae) along the Carpathian Mountains. Further, we compared the levels of population differentiation among capercaillie from...

Despite the large body of research devoted to understanding the role of Quaternary glacial cycles in the genetic divergence of European trees, the differential contribution of geographic isolation and/or environmental adaptation in creating population genetic divergence remains unexplored. In this study, we used a long-lived tree (Taxus baccata) as...

Genetic differentiation of grey wolf (Canis lupus) populations from the Balkans (Serbia and Bulgaria) and the Western Carpathians was studied by means of using tissue and bone samples from legally hunted wolves. In total, 339 samples of tissues and bones and small number of feaces, blood and urine samples were used. Genotyping was based on 15 micro...

The objective of this study was to test the effects of selected peat growth substrates (Agro CS, Gramoflor and Durpeta) and inoculation with commercial ectomycorrhizal inocula (Ectovit and Mycorrhizaroots) on growth, ectomycorrhiza formation, needle nutrients concentration and several physiological parameters of two-years-old containerized Norway s...

An overview of recent studies on genetic diversity and adaptive response of European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) in relation to major evolutionary factors and anthropogenic impacts is reported. This, in order to predict the future dynamics of this ecosystem and to develop strategies for conservation and sustainable management in the frame of e...

Aim Climate changes in the past had a deep impact on the evolutionary history of many species and left genetic signatures that are often still detectable today. We investigated the geographical pattern of mitochondrial DNA diversity in the European wild boar (Sus scrofa). Our final aims were to clarify the influence of present and past climatic co...

This paper presents preliminary results of study of brown bear Ursus arctos population in Slovak part of Eastern Carpathians using faecal and hair samples which were collected in the period from October 2008–March 2009. The combination of snow tracking and non-invasive genotyping provides the reliable identification of bears. The minimum population...

Twenty nine fir populations originating from the putative zones of interspecific hybridization in southern Balkans were studied using a mitochondrial nad5-4 gene marker. The populations were classified to three taxa based on their geographical distribution and an overall taxonomical assessment at the population level based on needle and twig morpho...

Allozymes are generally considered neutral markers, although there is evidence of adaptive significance of some allozyme markers in many tree species. Nevertheless, as shown by numerous studies, geographical distribution of variation at allozyme loci reflects mainly non-selective processes and phenomena such as colonization, gene flow and founder/b...

Hybridization between divergent lineages of common ash Fraxinus excelsior L. was studied in Slovakia and adjacent regions of Hungary, the Czech Republic and Poland in the contact zone between two postglacial colonization routes originating from different glacial refugia. Thirty-eight common ash populations were studied using a combination of 6 mate...

Spatial configuration of habitats influences genetic structure and population fitness whereas it affects mainly species with limited dispersal ability. To reveal how habitat fragmentation determines dispersal and dispersal-related morphology in a ground-dispersing insect species we used a bush-cricket (Pholidoptera griseoaptera) which is associated...

One of the major negative effects of roads is the creation of barriers to the movement of wildlife, ultimately disconnecting populations and increasing extinction risk. We collected genetic data from a threatened brown bear population in the central part of the Pindos mountain range in northwestern Greece to provide information about this, as yet g...

The species Rupicapra rupicapra is represented by seven subspecies; three of them are occurring in the Eastern Europe: R.r. tatrica occurs in the High Tatras and the Low Tatras, R.r. capratica occurs in Romanian Carpathians and the distribution range of R.r. balcanica stretches from Croatia to Greece. The distribution ranges of all three subspecies...

The formerly large, continuous brown bear population of the Carpathians has experienced a radical decrease in population size due to human activities which have resulted in splitting the population into the larger Eastern Carpathian and the smaller Western Carpathian subpopulations. In the Western Carpathians, brown bears came close to extinction a...

Genetic exchange between divergent lineages of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) was studied in the Ukrainian Carpathians where two expanding populations originating from different glacial refugia meet. The study included 33 silver fir populations from Ukraine, Romania and Slovakia which were investigated using the maternally inherited mitochondrial na...

AbstrAct The aim of this study was the assessment of genetic diversity and differentiation patterns of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) populations within its natural range in Poland. These stands cover 5.2% of the forest area in Poland, and form the predominant forest tree communities throughout the Carpathians and Sudety Mountains, and the mor...

Patterns of recent migration and gene exchange between divergent lineages of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) were studied in the hybrid zone of genetic lineages associated with different glacial refugia in the Ukrainian Carpathians. Thirty-three silver fir populations from Ukraine, Romania and Slovakia were analyzed using nuclear microsatellites. Bas...

The Western Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus L.) is a grouse species of open boreal or high altitude forests of Eurasia. It is endangered throughout most mountain range habitat areas in Europe. Two major genetically identifiable lineages of Western Capercaillie have been described to date: the southern lineage at the species' southernmost range of di...

• Introduction The annual development cycle of boreal and temperate trees results from an evolutionary trade-off between two opposing forces. These are namely, the adjustment of leaf phenology to the timing of frost occurrence at the beginning and/or the end of the growth season countered by an effective adjustment to the duration of the growth sea...

The effects of the within-trial spatial variation of environmental factors on phenotypic traits were studied in the Slovak plot of the international beech provenance trial coordinated by BFH Grosshansdorf with 32 provenances, established under a randomized complete block design with three adjacent blocks. Five indicators of soil properties (soil mo...

The present distribution of brown bear (Ursus arctos) in Europe is only fragment of its original range. In Carpathians, formerly continuous range was split into the Western and the Eastern Carpathian population as a consequence of human activities in the early 20th century. Due to excessive hunting pressure brown bear was in the verge of extinction...

The present work evaluates the data on the occurrence of brown bears in the Eastern Carpathians from the carliest references lo the present. Compares it with the absence of such a beast in lhe territory and attcmpts to explain the discrepancies between the claims of the individual authors. This work describes rhe changes on the westem border of the...

The genetic variation in fourteen Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz. populations distributed over the eastern and south-eastern part of its range was studied using seven nuclear microsatellite loci. The differentiation level was relatively high (FST = 0.228), as expected for a species with a fragmented range. The distance-based approach to the analysis...

Genetic structure in natural populations is a key prerequisite for many evolutionary processes, including speciation. In many terrestrial species, the geographic distribution of DNA lineages was heavily affected by the climatic fluctuations that occurred during the Quaternary, although the impact of human populations, especially on harvested specie...

Reticulate evolution resulting from gene flow among diverged taxa was studied on the example of the Fagus sylvatica species complex in Europe and western Asia. F. sylvatica L. is one of the most widespread woody species of the Northern Hemisphere with two commonly recognized subspecies (namely, F. sylvatica subsp. sylvatica and F. sylvatica subsp....

Bats use various roost types with a wide spectrum of ecological features. The greater mouse-eared bat Myotis myotis (Borkhausen, 1797), creates nurseries in attics and caves in Central Europe. The stable low temperature and high humidity cave microclimate contrasts that of attics, which may alter species adaptations and life strategies. We analysed...

The study focuses on geographical patterns of genetic variation at allozyme loci common for four main tree species of Central Europe (Norway spruce, silver fir, common beech and sessile oak). Moving-window averaging of four indicators of allelic richness and diversity (proportion of polymorphic loci, mean number of alleles per locus, effective numb...

The study gives an overview of the current state of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and its genetic resources in Slovakia. Basic information about the horizontal and vertical distribution, representation in forest stands, plant communities and management of beech stands is provided, along with an overview on the sources of forest reproductive m...

We investigated genetic variation of English yew (Taxus baccata L.), an endangered species with wide distribution area. Fortyone natural populations of Taxus baccata and one of T. cuspidata and one of T. brevifolia were analysed using seven microsatellite loci. English yew was found to possess high levels of genetic variation, both concerning allel...

Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica is one of seven subspecies of Rupicapra rupic-apra. Distribution range is discontinuous and it stretches from Slovenia to Greece. We have studied the genetic diversity of chamois populations along the Balkan Peninsula with the aim to reveal possible differentiation of Western Balkan populations from chamois populations...