Labonnah Farzana Rahman

• Doctor of Philosophy in Electrical Electronic and Systems Engineering
• PostDoc Position at National University of Malaysia

The fisheries industry of Malaysia is known as the strategic sector that can help the country raise domestic food production and supply. This research proposed machine learning (ML) based prediction of marine fish landings to project fish supply and compare those projections with the observed data. Three ML models, i.e., linear regression (LR), dec...

Flash flood is the most devastating natural disaster experienced in Malaysia. It can be defined as any high water flow caused by various factors such as rainstorms, slow water run-off, and broken dams. In Malaysia, the most typical and disruptive hydro-meteorological occurrences are flash floods, which are mostly faced by Malaysian cities including...

At present, sustainability and emerging technology are the main issues in any supply chain management (SCM) sector. At the same time, the ongoing pandemic is increasing consumers’ concerns about food safety, processing, and distribution, which should meet sustainability requirements. Thus, supervision and monitoring of product quality with symmetri...

High-level architecture (HLA) and Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) are commonly used for the distributed system. However, HLA suffers from a resource allocation problem and to solve this issue, optimization of load balancing is required. Efficient load balancing can minimize the simulation time of HLA and this optimization can be done using...

At present, sustainability and emerging technology are the most expressed issues in any supply chain management (SCM) sector. At the same time, pandemic makes consumers more concerned regarding health, and safe food with a sustainable way to access the current market. Thus, supervision and monitoring of product quality with symmetric traceability i...

The fishing industry is identified as a strategic sector to raise domestic protein production and supply in Malaysia. Global changes in climatic variables have impacted and continue to impact marine fish and aquaculture production, where machine learning (ML) methods are yet to be extensively used to study aquatic systems in Malaysia. ML-based algo...

A smart home inhabitant performs a unique pattern or sequence of tasks repeatedly. Thus, a machine learning approach will be required to build an intelligent network of home appliances, and the algorithm should respond quickly to execute the decision. This study proposes a decision tree-based machine learning approach for predicting the activities...

Rivers, the main source of the domestic water supply in Malaysia, have been threatened by frequent flooding in recent years. This study aims to assess human health risks associated with exposure to concentrated heavy metals in a flood-prone region of Malaysia and investigate the affected individuals’ willingness to participate in managing water res...

Applications such as non-volatile memories (NVM), radio frequency identification (RFID), high voltage generators, switched capacitor circuits, operational amplifiers, voltage regulators, and DC–DC converters employ charge pump (CP) circuits as they can generate a higher output voltage from the very low supply voltage. Besides, continuous power supp...

Flash flood is the most devastating natural disaster experienced in Malaysia. It can be defined as any high water flow caused by various factors such as rainstorms, slow water run-off, and broken dams. In Malaysia, the most typical and disruptive hydro-meteorological occurrences are flash floods, which are mostly faced by Malaysian cities including...

Comparator is a key component in energy-efficient applications such as memory-sensing, radiofrequency identification (RFID), analog-to-digital converter (ADC), etc. Among different types of comparator circuits, the preamplifier-based design is lack of increasing the power consumption due to large current. Moreover, dynamic latch comparators can pro...

A high-voltage generator (HVG) is an essential part of a radio frequency identification electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (RFID–EEPROM). An HVG circuit is used to generate a regulated output voltage that is higher than the power supply voltage. However, the performance of the HVG is affected owing to the high-power dissipation, hi...

Reducing power dissipation of any circuit can make that circuit more energy-efficient and at the same time promise stability. Recent researchers mainly focus on controlling and monitoring low power designs for different low power applications, wireless systems such as radio frequency identification (RFID) transponder. Therefore, generating an inter...

The comparator is the most significant component of the analog-to-digital converter, voltage regulator, switching circuits, communication blocks etc. Depending on the various design schemes, comparator performance varied upon target applications. At present, low power, high gain, area efficient and high-speed comparator designed methods are necessa...

The transimpedance amplifer (TIA) is the most favorable and efFcient choice for the front-end preamplifer in optical fIber communication systems. High gain and low input noise to amplify weak and susceptible input signals are the two major advantages of TIAs. Moreover, to realize a low-cost solution, a TIA should be implemented in a complementary m...

In this paper, we present the design of a 4.5 V low dropout (LDO) voltage regulator implemented in the 130 nm CMOS process. The design uses a two-stage cascaded operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) as an error amplifier, with a body bias technique for reducing dropout voltages. PMOS is used as a pass transistor to ensure stable output volta...

Smart home or home automation has become widely popular especially in the case of easing the lives of people with special needs, for instance the elderly and handicapped people. In every home, a specific user has a unique pattern or sequence of using the functions of that house. Recognizing that unique pattern is the key to ensuring an intelligentl...

Over the past few decades, CMOS current comparators have been used in a wide range of applications, including analogue circuits, MVL (multiple-valued logic) circuits, and various electronic products. A current comparator is generally used in an ADC (analog-to-digital) converter of sensors and similar devices, and several techniques and approaches h...

The paper demonstrates the circuit of a low power D flip-flop serial in/parallel out (DFF SIPO) based shift register design. The flip-flops (FF's) consumption of casual logic power in a SoC chip (system on chip) commonly overpasses 50% as long the input and the output are in the same state thanks to the redundancy transition of interior loops. Conv...

Crystal oscillators are one of the main components used in the most electronic circuits, especially in the applications of radio frequency and microprocessor devices. Several techniques are being used to have low power consumption of crystal oscillator such as low voltage supply; low current, and improvise the designing of the circuit. The improvem...

Crystal oscillators are widely used in most of the electronic components to keep precisely in time. Crystal oscillators take many forms in the military and communications market which nowadays they are expanding into the space and beyond. It has been used to achieve efficiently in a communication systems such as electronic warfare, system's guidanc...

In this paper, a low power delay locked-loop with modified voltage-controlled delay cell (VCDC) is proposed. This modified VCDC is designed by using Mentor Graphic CEDEC design kit and Silterra 0.13μm process technology. Thus, the DLL with proposed VCDC able to obtained low power dissipation which is 921.57μW and occupied very smaller area which is...

In the past few decades there have been many developments in the design methodology of DAC to meet the stringent performance requirements of their endless applications. These design strategies can be categorized into several classifications. Based on the literature review the history of the evolution, advantages and limitation of each method can be...

A row decoder circuit is required for the successful programming, reading, and erasing voltages of an electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM) implementation in low-power applications like radio frequency identification (RFID) tag. The row decoder has been implemented in 0.18 μm CMOS process. The designed row decoder can generat...

Phase-locked-loops (PLL) have been employed in high-speed data transmission systems like wireless transceivers, disk read/write channels and high-speed interfaces. The majority of the researchers use a charge pump (CP) to obtain high performance from PLLs. This paper presents a review of various CMOS CP schemes that have been implemented for PLLs a...

In low-power digital design, especially in shift registers, flip-flops (FF) plays a significant role. In shift registers, the power consumption of system clock is estimated to be half of the overall system power. Therefore, selecting the right FF is very important for designing an compact size and low power shift register. In this paper, a review o...

A non-overlapping clock (NOC) generator circuit is designed for the successful operation of high voltage generator (HVG) implementation in low-power applications like radio frequency identification (RFID) tag EEPROM. The NOC generator has been implemented in 0.18 μm CMOS process. The designed NOC can generate two stable anti-phase clock signals as...

WLAN has become an essential part of our today's life. The advancement of CMOS technology let the researchers contribute low power, size and cost effective WLAN devices. This paper proposes a single pole double through transmit/receive (T/R) switch for WLAN applications in 0.13 μm CMOS technology. The proposed switch exhibit 1.36 dB insertion loss,...

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a ubiquitous identification technology nowadays. An on-chip high-performance transmit/receive (T/R) switch is designed and simulated in 0.13-μm CMOS technology for reader-less RFID tag. The switch utilizes only the transistor width and length (W/L) optimization, proper gate bias resistor and resistive body f...

Objectives: The goal of smart homes is to create an intelligent environment adapting the inhabitants need and assisting the person who needs special care and safety in their daily life. This can be reached by collecting the ADL (activities of daily living) data and further analysis within existing computing elements. In this research, a very recen...

The cross-coupled circuit mechanism based dynamic latch comparator is presented in this research. The comparator is designed using differential input stages with regenerative S-R latch to achieve lower offset, lower power, higher speed and higher resolution. In order to decrease circuit complexity, a comparator should maintain power, speed, resolut...

Circuit intricacy, speed, low-offset voltage, and resolution are essential factors for high-speed applications like analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). The comparator circuit with preamplifier increases the power dissipation, as it requires higher amount of currents than the latch circuitry. In this research, a novel topology of dynamic latch comp...

As the development of complex metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology, fast low-power static random access memory (SRAM) has become an important component of many very large scale integration (VLSI) chips. Lot of applications preferred to use the 6T SRAM because of its robustness and very high speed. However, the leakage current has increasing...

This paper proposes a transmit/receive (T/R) nanoswitch in 130 nm CMOS technology for 2.4 GHz ISM band transceivers. It exhibits 1.03-dB insertion loss, 27.57-dB isolation and a power handling capacity (P1 dB) of 36.2-dBm. It dissipates only 6.87 µW power for 1.8/0 V control voltages and is capable of switching in 416.61 ps. Besides insertion loss...

A faster and precise field programmable gate array (FPGA) based current dq proportional and integral (PI) controller is developed to reach the optimal efficiency and steadiness of the motor drive. Current dq PI controller is generally implemented in digital signal processor (DSP) based computer. However, DSP based solution reaches its physical limi...

Fully integrated CMOS single pole double through (SPDT) Transmit/Receive (T/R) switch is an essential component of every compact transceiver for enabling sharing of a single antenna between its transmitter and receiver. The switch is expected to encompass very low insertion loss, relatively higher isolation with high power handling capability. But...

Future technologies required nano-scale CMOS memory to be operating in low power consumption. The minimum operating voltage of the nano-scale CMOS played as a main factor to reduce the power consumption. Consequently, there are some limitations and obstacles to achieve the objective for several design, material and novel structural solutions, which...

Chip manufacturing technologies have been a key to the growth in all electronics devices over the past decades, bringing added convenience and accessibility through advantages in cost, size, and power consumption. Linear feedback shift register (LFSR) is key component to provide self-test of an integrated circuit (IC). This research is implemented...

In radio frequency identification (RFID) systems, performance degradation of phase locked loops (PLLs) mainly occurs due to high phase noise of voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs). This paper proposes a low power, low phase noise ring-VCO developed for 2.42 GHz operated active RFID transponders compatible with IEEE 802.11 b/g, Bluetooth, and Zigb...

High-speed current controller for vector controlled permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is presented. The controller is developed based on modular design for faster calculation and uses fixed-point proportional-integral (PI) method for improved accuracy. Current dq controller is usually implemented in digital signal processor (DSP) based comp...

Both the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) are popular and ubiquitous technologies. However, RFID is lagging behind due to vendor specific solutions and excessive reader cost. A WiFi compatible IEEE 802.11 RFID tag can eliminate the reader. A digital modulator and demodulator for the reader-less RFID tag in IEEE 802...

Current or voltage-type sense amplifier (SA) is the key element for sensing process of RFID transponder REPROM. The The performance of the EEPROM is influenced by the SA features like memory access time, power dissipation and the reliability. However, larger current or power dissipation put limitations on using current type SA with respect to volta...

Design of Sense Amplifier (SA) for non-volatile memory (NVM) in Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag is illustrated in this research. SA is one of the significant module in NVM like electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM). In low power applications, memory access time, power dissipation and the reliability influenced the p...

Digital to (DAC) is used to get analog voltage corresponding to input digital data in VLSI circuit design with greater integration levels. However, providing linear current and voltage outputs with the use of strictly CMOS devices presents the need for a low power operational amplifier (op-amp) circuit. In this research, the analysis of op-amp circ...

An enhanced charge pump circuit utilizing charge-transfer-switch (CTS) to direct charge flow with improved voltage pumping gain is proposed in this paper. The diodeconfigured output stage limitation is managed through the pumping of output stage by the clock of improved charge pump circuit. Using Mentor Graphics, the proposed charge pump circuit is...

Designing the low power devices are becoming very important field of research due to the increment of the number of portable devices. In this research, 16-bits shift register circuit design method is proposed using Single Edge Triggered (SET) D-Flip-flop. Moreover, a comparison study between the conventional circuit design and modified design is pr...

A Dynamic Random Access Memories (DRAM) memory cell is a capacitor that is charged to produce a 1 or a 0. Over the years, several different structures have been used to create the memoiy cells on a chip. In today's technologies, the capacitive storage element of the memoiy cell is used to create trenched filled with dielectric material. However to...

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is lagging behind because of vendor specific solutions and expensive implementation cost. In particular, the reader is the most expensive part. A WiFi compatible tag was proposed to use the WNIC as an RFID reader. However, no specific modulator or demodulator was suggested. This paper analyzes the various IEEE...

Mohd. Marufuzzaman, M. B. I. Reaz, M. A. M. Ali, L. F. Rahman. Hardware Approach of Two Way Conversion of Floating Point to Fixed Point for Current dq PI Controller of FOC PMSM Drive // Electronics and Electrical Engineering. - Kaunas: Technologija, 2012. - No. 7(123). - P. 79-82. Real time self-automated hardware implementation of current dq PI co...

Charge pump circuit is widely used in many systems due to its low power consumption, high performance, small area and low current drivability. This paper presents a low-voltage, high performance charge pump circuit suitable for low-voltage applications such as EEPROM of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag. Designed in 0.18-μm CMOS process, th...

In this paper a design and comparison between a fully differential RC Miller compensated CMOS op-amp and conventional op-amp is presented. High gain enables the circuit to operate efficiently in a closed loop feedback system, whereas high bandwidth makes it suitable for high speed applications. A novel RC Miller compensation technique is used to op...

Designing a compact, power efficient voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) for high frequency phase lock loop (PLL) in modern wireless communication system is decisively a challenging task. Inappropriately designed VCOs for battery-powered radio frequency identification (RFID) transponder cause huge degradation of overall system. The proposed work pr...

Sense Amplifier is one of the major circuits in CMOS nonvolatile memories. The aim of this research is to implement Sense Amplifier in 0.18μm CMOS process to achieve both the lower reading power and superior reliability for sensing operation. In RFID transponder, EEPROM are used to store data. Memory access time, power dissipation and the reliabili...

This study describes a design methodology of a single clock cycle MIPS RISC Processor using very high speed hardware description language (VHDL) to ease the description, verification, simulation and hardware realization. The RISC processor has fixed-length of 32-bit instructions based on three different format R-format, I-format and J-format, and 3...

Texture refers to the surface properties that can be easily described by its primitives (tones) and their spatial relationship. Texture analysis is a process to find the shape, segment or identify the region of interest on the object. In this research study, we approach to implement unsupervised texture segmentation in hardware. First, the Discrete...

A pipeline floating point arithmetic logic unit (ALU) design using very high speed hardware description language (VHDL) is introduced. The novelty of the ALU is it gives high performance through the pipelining concept. Pipelining is a technique where multiple instruction executions are overlapped. In the top-down design approach, four arithmetic mo...

A sense amplifier for EEPROM memory competent of functioning under a very low-voltage power supply is presented. The sense amplifier was designed for an EEPROM realized with a 0.18-μm CMOS technology. Key design techniques of power dissipation optimization for EEPROM memory are described. The topology of the sense amplifier uses a pure voltage-mode...

This paper presents a low-voltage, high performance charge pump circuit suitable for implementation in low-voltage applications like RFID tag EEPROM. The improved charge pump circuit has been used as a part of the power supply section of fully integrated radio frequency identification(RFID) transponder IC, which has been implemented in a 0.18-um CM...

Analogue solution of energy measurement do not synchronize to a clock or crystal but calculates the product of current and voltage continuously thus facing the lack of stability, accuracy drifts over large variations in operating environment and long periods of time. In this research, we have introduced a single core hardware module to implement di...

This study describe the realization of a signature verification and forgery detection system on Ahera FLEX10K FPGA device that allows for efficient hardware implementation. The system follows five steps to perform the signature verification which are data acquisition, preprocessing, comparison process and decision process. Mamdani-type fuzzy infere...

Texture refers to the surface properties that can be easily described by its primitives (ton) and their spatial relationship. Texture analysis is a process to find the shape, segment or identify the region of interest on the object. In this research, researchers approach to implement unsupervised texture segmentation in hardware. First, the Discret...

To ensure both the reduced reading power and the enhanced reliability of the nonvolatilememories like EEPROM embedded in RFID transponders, a new low voltage-type sense amplifier (SA) is designed. The topology of the designed sense amplifier uses a voltage sensingmethod, with low cost, low power consumption as well as high reliability. The sense am...

Problem statement: Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters are widely used in various DSP applications. The design of digital FIR filters is a very basic problem in digital signal processing. A FIR filter with multiple operation capability is certainly very useful for any real-time filtering applications. This article presents a multipurpose FIR filt...

In this paper, an approach of RFID tag EEPROM circuit design is presented. The method of designing such tag EEPROM circuit with other tag modules is discussed. The main purpose of this paper is to discuss RFID tag EEPROM circuit modules based on the mapped EPC-IPv6 address format. Also, direct mapping procedure of EPC 64 bit with IPv6 address struc...

RFID System suffers from limited address space and local mobility. Moreover, it is a monopoly business with few vendors, which are trying to dominate the market with proprietary standard of RFID reader. The proposed system will replace the expensive RFID reader with cheap Wireless Network Interface Card (WNIC). For the purpose, an innovative scheme...