Kwang Ho Lee

• Konkuk University

In an office building equipped with a Variable Air Volume (VAV) system, this paper introduces a novel method for controlling the minimum supply airflow fraction in each zone’s VAV box, having a capability to consider indoor CO2 level and energy consumption. The EnergyPlus simulation using the medium office prototype model was employed, which evalua...

Mechanoluminescence (ML) and digital image correlation (DIC) have emerged as promising optical methods to visualize and measure deformation fields. In this study, a dual‐modal sensing skin, called the ML‐DIC skin is introduced, that is capable of emitting ML and facilitating DIC measurements under various lighting conditions, including daylight, ni...

This study analysed the building load reduction by installing external shading devices in a small office building and performing ANN(Artificial Neural Network)-based optimal control. Building load simulation was performed using a model of a small office building located in Daejeon, South Korea. For this purpose, EnergyPlus and Python were integrate...

Electrical energy saving was evaluated by taking advantage of PV and ESS in a community unit. An artificial neural network (ANN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) were employed to create a predictive model for PV generation. Annual demand data for residential buildings were estimated using EnergyPlus, while data for other buildings were collected f...

This study analyzed the optimal strategy for achieving a Net-Zero Energy Building (NZEB) by utilizing Photovoltaic (PV) systems and Energy Storage Systems (ESS) in a medium office building. Using a building model based on the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) medium office prototype, simulations were performed based on weather data from Daejeon, So...

On‐site inspection of invisible subsurface defects in multiscale structural materials by conventional nondestructive testing (NDT) methods, such as X‐ray and ultrasound, requires complex sample preparation and data acquisition processes. Moreover, the inspected area is very small. Herein, a simple, inexpensive, and ultrasensitive NDT method for ide...

While numerous studies have examined microbial attacks on waterlogged archaeological wood, limited information is available regarding microbial attacks in waterlogged tropical hardwoods submerged in marine environments. In this context, we explored microbial attacks in waterlogged archaeological rosewood (Dalbergia species), a tropical hardwood spe...

This paper proposes the optimal algorithm for controlling the HVAC system in the target building. Previous studies have analyzed pre-selected algorithms without considering the unique data characteristics of the target building, such as location, climate conditions, and HVAC system type. To address this, we compare the accuracy of cooling load pred...

Existing buildings deteriorate over time, and the energy consumption continues to increase. In order to improve energy efficiency, evaluation of the energy performance of the existing buildings through simulation is required in advance. However, for most existing buildings, drawing information for evaluating energy performance is omitted. Without d...

In this study, prediction performances of a regression model and deep learning-based predictive models were comparatively analyzed for the prediction of hourly insolation in regions located at the temperate climate and microthermal climate with high precipitation. Unlike linear regression models, artificial neural networks (ANN) and long short-term...

A novel energy-saving hybrid cooling system that combines a forced-cooling cycle and a free-cooling cycle was developed to increase the energy efficiency of cooling systems in year-round operation of an internet data center with high heat loads. This system effectively utilizes a dam deep water source to reduce energy consumption in internet data c...

Extensive changes in the legal, commercial, and technical requirements in engineering fields have necessitated automated real-time structural health monitoring (SHM) and instantaneous verification. An integrated system with mechanoluminescence (ML) and dual artificial intelligence (AI) modules with subsidiary finite element method (FEM) simulation...

Objective To determine the effect of premedication with intramuscular midazolam on patient satisfaction in women undergoing general anaesthesia. Trial design, setting and participants Double-blind, parallel randomised control trial at a tertiary care medical centre in South Korea. Initially, 140 women aged 20–65 years who underwent general anaesth...

Bacterial decay in compression wood (CW) tracheids of waterlogged archaeological wood (WAW) was investigated using light microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and TEM immunogold labeling. Erosion bacteria were identified as the main degraders, and the extent of cell wall degradation differed dependi...

In order to develop a fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) algorithm for air handling unit (AHU) based on machine learning, the economizer outdodor air temperature (OAT) sensor fault was modeled. Through EnergyPlus program, the economizer OAT sensor modeled a fault that measures the OAT that’s higher or lower than the actual temperature. The distrib...

In this study, the cooling energy performance of two strategies for controlling ChWT (chilled water temperature) are compared: the conventional control strategy of constantly fixing ChWT and the OAT (outdoor air temperature) compensation control strategy that adjusts ChWT according to the changes in OAT. OAT compensation control strategy was modele...

Sepsis is a complex disorder related to dysregulation of the host response to infection and is a major health problem worldwide owing to its high mortality rates. However, the exact mechanisms causing sepsis remains unclear because of the complexity of the underlying pathways. Dysregulation of non-canonical NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing p...

The bacterial decay of waterlogged archeological wood (WAW, hard pine spp.) taken from Daebudo shipwreck No. 2, which was buried in the intertidal zone in the mid-west coast (Yellow sea) of South Korea approximately 800 years ago, was investigated. The maximum moisture content of the outer parts (approx. 3 cm of depth) of WAW was approximately 4.2...

Cascade multi-functional heat pumps are becoming popular due to their ability to simultaneously provide cooling, heating, and hot water. In this study, the performance characteristics of a water-to-water cascade multi-functional heat pump designed to provide heating, hot water, and simultaneous heating and hot water during the winter season are ana...

In this study, an artificial neural network (ANN) based real-time predictive control and optimization algorithm for a chiller-based cooling system was developed and applied to an actual building to analyze its cooling energy saving effects through in-situ application and actual measurements. For this purpose, we set the cooling tower’s condenser wa...

In this study, we developed an artificial neural network-based real-time predictive control and optimization model to compare and analyze the difference in total energy consumption when the condenser water outlet temperature coming out of the cooling tower is fixed and when real-time control of the condenser water outlet temperature through the opt...

The detection and diagnosis of faults is becoming necessary in ensuring energy savings in heat pump units. Faults can exist independently or simultaneously in heat pumps at the refrigerant side and secondary fluid flow loops. In this work, we discuss the effects that simultaneous refrigerant charge faults and faults associated with the flow rate of...

Introduction Surgical spinal anesthesia is usually maintained for approximately three hours with bupivacaine, but it is difficult to accurately predict the duration of surgery for each case. When an operation continues for an extended duration, regression of spinal anesthesia often leads to general anesthesia. Here we present a case of extended spi...

Among the envelope components (e.g., walls, roofs, floors, and windows, etc.) affecting the cooling and heating load of buildings, windows are the most thermally vulnerable. Shading devices can minimize the thermal load on windows due to solar radiation and decrease radiation effects. However, the load changes due to convection and conduction shoul...

In this study, an artificial neural network (ANN) based real-time predictive control and optimization algorithm for a chiller based cooling system was developed and applied to an actual building to analyze its cooling energy saving effects through in-situ application and actual measurements. For this purpose, we set the cooling tower's condenser wa...

In recent years, advanced information technologies, such as deep learning and big data, have been actively applied in building energy management systems to improve energy efficiency. Various studies have been conducted on the prediction of renewable energy performance using machine learning techniques. In this study, a recurrent neural network (RNN...

The use of cascade multi-functional heat pumps to provide simultaneous cooling or heating, and hot water has become essential in recent times. This study analyzed the performance of a water-to-water cascade multi-functional heat pump according to the variation of heat source and heat sink temperatures in cooling mode, hot water mode and cooling hot...

Background: This study reports the use of real-time PCR to identify the SNP rs1545397 in the intron region on the OCA2 gene from ancient and degraded DNA isolated from ancient human bones from Mongolia, Korea, and Uzbekistan. This SNP is a marker for skin pigmentation. LightCycler-based probes (HybProbes) were designed. A LightCycler (version 2.0)...

In many office buildings, an air-handling unit (AHU) in a variable air volume (VAV) system is operated using discharge air temperature (DAT) simply fixed at a particular set point. However, this simply fixed control causes a variety of inefficiencies related to cooling energy. Therefore, this study compares the cooling energy consumption of the fix...

Introduction: Early detection and treatment of pulmonary embolism (PE) are critical for reducing morbidity and mortality of patients. However, diagnosis can be difficult if the symptoms are not clear. Case Report: A 21-year-old male patient visited the emergency room with multiple fractures, including femur fractures. Three days later, the planned...

The underfloor air distribution (UFAD) system, which is a building energy-saving technology, is an airconditioning system that enables maintenance of the indoor temperature with a relatively low supply air flow rate. UFAD has advantages compared to the conventional overhead system, which improves occupants' comfort, health, and work efficiency, dec...

With recent efforts to minimize the energy consumption of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems in buildings, the variable refrigerant flow heat pump (VRF-HP) system has drawn much attention, replacing the conventional HVAC system in the market. The VRF-HP system has several advantages, such as enhancing the aesthetics of buildin...

Heat pumps cover a wide range of heating and cooling applications owing to their means of drawing out heat from ground, air and water at low temperature. In order to acquire performance data for heat pump certification and rating, the calorimeter is used in measuring the heat pump. In conventional approach of measuring the heat pump with standard t...

The term variable refrigerant flow (VRF) refers to the ability of a system to control the amount of refrigerant flowing to multiple evaporators (indoor units), which enables the use of many evaporators of differing capacities and configurations connected to a single condensing unit. The arrangement provides individualized comfort control and simult...

Bleeding associated with uterine leiomyoma is a common complication for many women. Sustained bleeding reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin. However, a hemoglobin value below 2.0 g/dL due to bleeding is not common. Such a low level compensatively increases sympathetic tone and can lead to stress-induced cardiomyopathy and congestive h...

Background: Hysteroscopic surgery has been used in various gynecological fields. However, massive fluid overload can occur as a complication due to persistent infusion of media for uterine cavity distension. We present the case of a woman who developed cardiomyopathy with pulmonary edema and epistaxis during hysteroscopic surgery. Case: A 76-yea...

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Araliaceae), has been used in traditional medicine for preventive and therapeutic purposes in Asian countries. One of the active ginsenoside metabolites, 20(S)-Protopanaxatriol (PPT), has been associated with diverse pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory properties. Aim of t...

Background: Coil protrusion occasionally occurs during embolization and can lead to thromboembolic complications. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of rescue stenting procedures with a low-profile stent system (LVIS Jr.) for treating ruptured intracranial aneurysms during complicated coil embolization. Methods: We performed a retrospective revie...

Vanillylacetone (VA) is widely used as a food additive owing to its sweet flavour. In this study, we have reported for the first time that VA has an inhibitory role in inflammasome activation. We examined the effect of VA on inflammasome activation and investigated the underlying physiological mechanisms. We verified that VA suppresses IL-1β and ca...

Programmed cell death pathways and inflammasome activation pathways can be genetically and functionally separated. Inflammasomes are specialized protein complexes that process pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-18 to bioactive forms for protection from a wide range of pathogens, as well as environmental and host-derived dang...

Background: Risk stratification of asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (ACAS) is still an issue for carotid revascularization. We sought to identify factors associated with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis (SCAS) using multimodal imaging techniques. Methods: We retrospectively collected data on patients who underwent carotid artery revasculariz...

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Chrysanthemum indicum (C. indicum), a perennial plant, has long been used to treat inflammation-related disorders, such as pneumonia, hypertension, gastritis, and gastroenteritis. Aim of the study: The inhibitory effect of C. indicum extract (C.I) on inflammasome activation was investigated to validate its potenti...

A geothermal heat pump (GSHP) system has improved energy efficiency compared to conventional air-source heat pumps due to a more stable underground temperatures through the year. Among various types of GSHP systems, standing column well (SCW) system is a specialized type of open loop system, where water is drawn from the bottom of a deep rock well,...

Chillers and boilers based air handling unit (AHU) system is one of the most widely used heating and cooling systems in office buildings in Korea. However, in most conventional forced-air systems, the guidelines for the AHU discharge air temperature (DAT) are not fully established and thus AHU DAT are constantly fixed to a particular set-point, reg...

Objective In vivo visualization of intracranial atherosclerotic plaque has been performed only with high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HRMR). We investigated whether atherosclerotic plaque of the basilar artery (BA) can be identified in conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods Patients with acute ischemic stroke who had BA s...

Raw dataset. The anonymized dataset used for the investigation is uploaded. (SAV)

Examples of T1 hyperintensities. Left column, T2-weighted imaging; Right column, T1-weighted imaging. A-B: Intraluminal T1 hyperintensity related slow flow. C-F: Intraplaque T1 hyperintensity within a T2 plaque sign of mild (C-D) and severe stenoses (E-F) (TIF)

In most conventional forced-air systems, the guidelines for the air handling unit(AHU) discharge air temperature(DAT) are not fully established and thus AHU DAT are constantly fixed to a particular set-point, regardless of dynamic changes of operating variables. In this circumstance, this study aimed at developing a control algorithm that can opera...

Commercial buildings account for significant portions of the total building energy in South Korea and thus a variety of research on the boiler operation related to heating energy in office buildings has been carried out thus far. However, most of the researches have been conducted on the boiler itself, i.e., the part load ratio characteristics and...

Necroptosis, or caspase-independent programmed cell death, is known to be involved in various pathological conditions, such as ischemia/reperfusion injury, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, and inflammatory bowel diseases. Although several inhibitors of necroptosis have been identified, none of them are currently in clinical use. In the prese...

Background: In the last few decades, cancer immunotherapy has been extensively researched, and novel checkpoint signaling mechanisms involving programmed death (PD)-1 and PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) receptors have been targeted. The PD-1/PD-L1 binding and interaction play a critical role in the development of malignancies. Objective: The present review...

A ground source heat pump (GSHP) system utilizes a relatively stable underground temperature to achieve energy-saving for heating and cooling in buildings. Among various types of GSHP systems, Vertical Closed Loop Ground Source Heat Pump (VGSHP) has received increasing attention due to a variety of advantages such as the potential to be installed i...

Ginseng (the root of Panax ginseng Meyer) fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum has been found to attenuate allergic responses in in vitro and in vivo experimental models.Ginseng has been reported to also possess various biological functions including anti-inflammatory activity. The present study was aimed at comparing the anti-allergic effect of gi...

Background and purpose: The status of collateral vessels has important clinical implications in acute ischemic stroke. To evaluate which components of ischemic symptoms were predictive of pretreatment collateral status, we tested the hypothesis that sub-item scores from the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) are associated with lep...

The non-insulated underfloor supply plenum and the heat gain of the cool supply air into supply plenum results in significant magnitude of thermal decay defined as the supply air temperature rise. Eventually, these changes have influence on the room air stratification, causing negative effects throughout whole system. Therefore, for the optimizatio...

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive myopathy. The development of respiratory therapy has increased the life expectancy of DMD patients. This change has increased the chances of anesthesia administration in DMD patients with advanced cardiomyopathy. We report a severe cardiomyopathy case in a 14-year-old boy with DMD, adrenal insuffic...

The NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a multi-protein complex that can be activated by a variety of pathogen-associated molecular patterns or damage-associated molecular patterns. Inappropriate NLRP3 inflammasome activation can induce autoinflammatory, autoimmune, or metabolic disorders. Therefore, NLRP3 is...

The objective of this study was to investigate the potential benefits of statin therapy initiation in acute stroke in patients with active cancer. This study was conducted in two parts. First, data from patients who are presented with stroke and active cancer were obtained from prospectively collected multicenter hospital-based stroke registries. P...

Artemisia princeps var. orientalis (Asteraceae, A. princeps ) is a well-known traditional medicinal herb used for treating various inflammatory disorders in Korea, Japan, China, and other Asian countries. In the present study, we investigated the effects of A. princeps extract (APO) on interleukin- (IL-) 1 β regulation and inflammasome activation i...

Background: Early recanalization and adequate collateral blood flow are strong surrogates for functional recovery in endovascular stroke treatment. We sought to evaluate the prognostic value of immediate post-thrombolysis magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: Consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent endovascular treatment...

The ATPase activity of NLRP3 has pivotal role in inflammasome activation and is recognized as a good target for the development of the NLRP3 inflammasome-specific inhibitor. However, signals in the vicinity of the ATPase activity of NLRP3 have not been fully elucidated. Here, we demonstrate NLRP3 inflammasome-specific action of a benzoxathiole deri...

Goals: This study aimed to determine whether the plasma levels of free fatty acid (FFA) are associated with ischemic lesion characteristics in nonarterial-origin embolic stroke. Materials and methods: We prospectively recruited 254 patients with acute cerebral infarction caused by cardioembolic stroke (CES, n=121) or with embolic stroke of undet...

Background and purpose: Ischemic stroke patients often have intracranial atherosclerosis (ICAS), despite heterogeneity in the cause of stroke. We tested the hypothesis that ICAS burden can independently reflect the risk of long-term vascular outcome. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study analyzing data from a prospective stroke registry...

The aim of this study was to develop an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model that can predict the amount of cooling energy consumption for the different settings of the variable refrigerant flow (VRF) cooling system's control variables. Matrix laboratory (MATLAB) and its neural network toolbox were used for the ANN model development and test perfo...

Motor impersistence, an inability to sustain a certain position or movement, is a motor-intentional disorder, caused more often by right than left hemisphere lesions. Since the right hemisphere is dominant for mediating motor persistence, callosal lesions that disconnect the left hemisphere from the right may induce impersistence of the right upper...

Fatigue is a prevalent symptom and major burden in neuroimmunological diseases. In neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), a severe autoimmune central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory disease with autoantibodies reactive to aquaporin-4, there are few reports about fatigue and quality of life (QOL). We aimed to evaluate the severity of fati...

Spine and brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging characteristics of patients with or without fatigue. (DOCX)

Correlations among EDSS, disease duration, and FACIT-fatigue. The degree of fatigue was not correlated with disease disability or disease duration. The dotted line represents the FACIT-fatigue score of 43. EDSS, Expanded Disability Status Scale; FACIT-fatigue, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-fatigue. (TIF)

Background and aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the stroke mechanisms and associated conditions influencing the decision regarding stroke thromboprophylaxis in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) plus ischemic stroke, according to the CHA2DS2-VASc score. Methods: We evaluated 938 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of AF plus...

Background: Warfarin has a narrow therapeutic window. We hypothesized that genetic factors related to warfarin metabolism (CYP2C9) and activity (VKORC1) would show stronger associations than modifiable factors with the quality of anticoagulation control and risks for thromboembolism and hemorrhage. Methods: In this retrospective cohort analysis,...

Background/Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate the differential roles of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in intracranial atherosclerotic stroke (ICAS). Methods: We prospectively recruited 262 patients with acute cerebral infarcts caused by ICAS and 75 individuals with no history of stroke as controls. Markers of endothelial dysfunct...