Kurt Kraiger

The University of Memphis | U of M · Department of Management

Purpose To examine how perceptions of complementary and supplementary fit and relationship quality contribute to successful mentorship co-creation. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected via cross-sectional survey of 145 mentor–protégé dyads within institutions of higher education in the USA. Mentors evaluated their perceptions of supplem...

As online graduate programs in psychology continue to proliferate, it is important to understand the research addressing the effectiveness of online graduate education so as to advise stakeholders in these programs: applicants, students, faculty, and institutions. In this article, we examine the effectiveness of online education in psychology at tw...

Game-based training research has produced various definitions and measures for learner motivation. Inconsistent findings on learner motivation may have contributed to the misapplication of one type of motivation to explain another; inhibiting future research and generating false implications. This study compared 172 students in game-based or comput...

Learning is the engagement in mental processes resulting in the acquisition and retention of knowledge, skills, and/or affect over time and applied when needed. Building on this definition, we integrate the science of training and the science of learning to propose a new science of workplace instruction, linking the design of instructional events t...

This second edition of the Handbook provides a comprehensive examination of lifelong learning. With 38 chapters (12 new and 23 updated), the approach is interdisciplinary, spanning human resources development, adult learning (educational perspective), psychology, career and vocational learning, management and executive development, cultural anthrop...

The purposes of the present investigation were to attempt to replicate the negative effects for learning prompts in older adults reported by Cavanagh, Kraiger and Peters (2016), determine if the impact of learning prompts depends on type of prompt, and investigate the two possible explanations of the negative impact of prompts – increased cognitive...

Our understanding of how to maximize the benefits of mentoring relationships for employee development has been limited by a vague understanding of what effective mentors are actually doing and how they are doing it. To begin to remedy this, we conducted one qualitative interview study of well-respected mentors to uncover the breadth and detail of t...

Older adults constitute an increasingly large share of the workforce. Older workers often contribute positively to organizational outcomes through characteristics such as deep organizational knowledge and long-standing client relationships. Thus, it is important to understand how to maintain or increase older workers’ job satisfaction, a variable t...

Human resource practitioners place value on selecting and training a more emotionally intelligent workforce. Despite this, research has yet to systematically investigate whether emotional intelligence can in fact be trained. This study addresses this question by conducting a meta-analysis to assess the effect of training on emotional intelligence,...

As the workforce ages, retaining talent, creating career paths to help senior employees break out of career plateaus, and maintaining development across the life span at work creates special challenges for organizations. Yet, few organizations have policies or practices in place to capitalize on the advantages of not only hiring but also retaining...

Training and development research has a long tradition within applied psychology dating back to the early 1900s. Over the years, not only has interest in the topic grown but there have been dramatic changes in both the science and practice of training and development. In the current article, we examine the evolution of training and development rese...

This handbook is the third in the eight volume series published by Wiley Blackwell covering the domain of I/O Psychology. The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Organizational Psychology uses a psychological perspective, and a uniquely global focus, to review the latest literature and research in the interconnected fields of training, development, and per...

Amputees who feel well-educated about their prosthesis care are more likely to adhere to treatment recommendations and have improved health outcomes. Few studies have tested the efficacy of using virtual worlds as a patient intervention and dissemination environment. The objective of this project was to compare dissemination of a selfmanagement int...

In connection with the 25th anniversary of Human Resource Development Quarterly, I have been asked to comment briefly on current and emerging trends in research on training and development, a core function of Human Resource Development (HRD). I will do this in three sections: a summary of past research, an examination of state-of-the-art research,...

This chapter summarizes recent evidence of the strategic importance and effectiveness of training, and identifies both established and emerging best practices in training. It reviews eight separate meta-analyses. These support the contention that well-designed training works. In terms of established best practices, the classic instructional systems...

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the content discussed in the subsequent chapters of the book. Industrial and organizational psychology (I/O) is the study of human behavior, emotion, and cognition at work. In short I/O brings science to investigating how individuals, organizations, and states can support, train, develop, and provid...

Using a national sample, this study investigated the effects of unemployed workers’ coping resources and coping strategy use on reemployment after a three-month period. Based on previous research, it was expected that (1) three types of coping resources (self-esteem, social support, and financial resources) would be positively related to problem-fo...

Unlabelled: BACKGROUND/STUDY CONTEXT: This study investigates whether there is a need for age-specific computer-based instructional design. The authors examined the effect of two design principles, instructional coherence and advance organizers, on learning outcomes of older and younger adults. Instructional coherence refers to the idea that peopl...

Our purpose here is to provide an overview of the cognitive and socioemotional changes associated with aging and to propose ways that these changes can be accommodated in a technology-based training environment. We recommend that technology-based training for older adults should: (1) be highly structured, (2) provide feedback and adaptive guidance,...

Organizations in the United States alone spend billions on training each year. These training and development activities allow organizations to adapt, compete, excel, innovate, produce, be safe, improve service, and reach goals. Training has successfully been used to reduce errors in such high-risk settings as emergency rooms, aviation, and the mil...

We reviewed the scientific literature on self-directed learning, self-regulation of learning, motivation for self-learning, and organizational supports for self-directed learning. Findings based on the review were set in the context of the Army Learning Model 2015 (Army Learning Concept 2015). Recommendations were made concerning organizational and...

This chapter describes methods of assessing the learning needs and evaluating the development of individuals within the context of a lifelong learning support system. Because lifelong learning is self-directed and informal in nature, we propose a needs assessment and evaluation design that is customized by participant. Participants are first assess...

Electronically mediated vocational assessment and guidance tools have become prominent in modern career counseling, leaving many career development professionals with questions about the nature of the computerized tools available and how to effectively apply these technologies in practice. In this article, the authors describe the general character...

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between employees' diversity climate perceptions and various job attitudes. Data were collected from 1,126 employees across five different organizations; analyses revealed that perceptions of an affirming diversity climate were positively related to organizational commitment, individual empo...

As part of their talent development efforts, organizations implement training and development programs that often include some form of interpersonal or behavioral assessment. The study examined in this article compares three popular interpersonal skills training programs for measuring and understanding one's interpersonal style: Inscape's DiSC mode...

We used a within-subjects design and multilevel modeling in two studies to examine the effect of prompting self-regulation, an intervention designed to improve learning from technology-delivered instruction. The results of two studies indicate trainees who were prompted to self-regulate gradually improved their knowledge and performance over time,...

The current study investigates antecedents and outcomes of motivation to learn across nine Web-based courses. The results supported a cyclical model of motivational processes across courses in a training curriculum. Trainees' course expectations had a positive effect on motivation to learn, motivation to learn had a positive effect on trainee react...

The present study investigated factors that explain when and why different groups of teammates are more likely to request and accept backup from one another when needed in an environment characterized by extreme time pressure and severe consequences of error: commercial air traffic control (ATC). Transactive memory theory states that teammates deve...

In this paper, I suggest that our methods for how to train are based historically on what we understand learning to be. I briefly trace the history of instructional design models, which embody both first-generation objectivist and second-generation cognitive constructivist views of learning. I then suggest we are on the cusp of a third-generation i...

In this article, I summarize and respond to key comments and criticisms offered in commentaries on Kraiger (2008). At issue is whether the proposed third-generation instructional model is fundamentally sound, represents a new or better approach, overemphasizes the importance of learner–learner interaction, and underemphasizes the role of the instru...

This article provides a review of the training and development literature since the year 2000. We review the literature focusing on the benefits of training and development for individuals and teams, organizations, and society. We adopt a multidisciplinary, multilevel, and global perspective to demonstrate that training and development activities i...

Seductive details are highly interesting information tangential to course objectives. The inclusion of seductive details generally harms performance on recall tests, but few studies have used multimedia training or investigated effects on performance on recognition tests or transfer tasks. We conducted two studies using computer-based training, ins...

This chapter addresses the role of learner control in distributed learning environments (DLEs). DLEs are those that use some form of technology (e.g., computers or videodiscs) to deliver training to individuals who may be separated from the instructional source by space or time. Common formats include computer-based instruction, computer-aided inst...

Meta-analytic techniques were used to examine the effectiveness of Web-based instruction (WBI) relative to classroom instruction (CI) and to examine moderators of the comparative effectiveness of the 2 delivery media. The overall results indicated WBI was 6% more effective than CI for teaching declarative knowledge, the 2 delivery media were equall...

Linkages between 2 types of shared mental models (SMMs)--that is, positional-goal interdependencies and cue-strategy associations--and effectiveness in an air traffic control environment were investigated. Two types of SMMs were expected to contribute uniquely, as well as interact, to predict tower safety and efficiency. Using SMM data from 306 air...

Training and development continues to be a valued component in the modern management of human resources. Emerging research shows that investments in human capital, including training, are positively related to organizational performance. However, training professionals still express frustration at not being at the table. In this article, we review...

Web-based instruction or e-learning is becoming an increasingly popular training option. According to the American Society for Training and Development report, in 2002 U.S. corporations were using technology to deliver 15% of training programs while companies in Japan (the biggest users of technology and instruction) were using technology to delive...

This chapter covers theory and practice relative to the nature and role of training and development in work organizations. After stressing the importance of training within a brief historical treatment of the forces and pressures facing modem work organizations, three themes are developed: training as instruction, as learning, and as embedded in pl...

This article describes the Industrial and Organizational Psychology Programme at the University of Colorado at Denver (CU-Denver). First, we provide an overview of the programme's most salient characteristics and objectives. Next, we summarize five ongoing research programmes being conducted at CU-Denver: (a) Social Power and Influence in Organizat...

The importance of having well-developed knowledge structures to enhance complex team performance has been recently indicated in the training effectiveness literature. This work tested that proposition within an aviation team training setting. Results suggested that aviation team training improved the knowledge structures of those participants who r...

This paper uses generalizability (G) theory as a framework to investigate the reliability and construct validity of the Air Force Job Performance Measurement System. G theory was a useful technique for examining the psychometric quality of the measurement system because it permits the specification and estimation of multiple sources of measurement...

This paper applies the conceptual work of K. Kraiger, J. K. Ford, and E. Salas (1993) to the evaluation of two training programs. A method known as structural assessment (SA) was described and adapted for use in the evaluation of a training program for computer programming and a PC-based simulation of a naval decision-making task. SA represents and...

Although training evaluation is recognized as an important component of the instructional design model, there are no theoretically based models of training evaluation. This article attempts to move toward such a model by developing a classification scheme for evaluating learning outcomes. Learning constructs are derived from a variety of research d...

Although training evaluation is recognized as an important component of the instructional design model, there are no theoretically based models of training evaluation. This article attempts to move toward such a model by developing a classification scheme for evaluating learning outcomes. Learning constructs are derived from a variety of research d...

This study presents the results of a predictive validity study of the Multijurisdictional Police Officer Examination (MPOE). The MPOE is a paper-and-pencil test of cognitive abilities developed to select entry level police officers. Criterion measures for the study included training performance, supervisory performance ratings and a file composite...

Generalizability theory was used to assess the psychometric quality of Walk-Through Performance Tests (WTPTs) and job proficiency ratings in eight occupational specialties. In addition, generalizability theory was used to determine whether proficiency ratings and job knowledge test scores were substitutable for the WTPTs. The results showed that bo...

Racial bias in performance ratings may be inferred when ratings hold differ- ent meanings for different racial subgroups. Operationally, this would be indi- cated by differences (by ratee race) in the correlation between performance ratings and objective indices of performance. In this study, the effects of rate race on the relations between superv...

Generalizability theory was used to assess the psychometric quality of Walk-Through Performance Tests (WTPTs) and Job Proficiency ratings in eight Air Force occupational specialties. In addition, generalizability theory was used to determine whether proficiency ratings and job knowledge test scores were substitutable for the WTPTs. The results show...

Generalizability (G) theory was used to assess the reliability of criterion measures across four Air Force specialties. This analysis strategy was applied to work sample tests (i.e., Walk-Through Performance Test (WTPT) scores) and ratings of job proficiency. Results indicated that WTPT scores were reliable with each specialty. In addition, ratings...

Investigations of the construct-related evidence of the validity of performance ratings have been rare, perhaps because researchers are dissuaded by the con- siderable amount of evidence needed to show construct validity (Landy, 1986). It is argued that generalizability (G) theory (Cronbach, Gleser, Nanda, & Rajaratnam, 1972) is well-suited to inve...

Generalizability theory is a method for estimating the dependability of scores over various conditions of measurement. In contrast to classical test theory, which permits the investigation of only one error source at a time, generalizability theory is multifaceted and allows the researcher to propose and simultaneously investigate multiple sources...

The present study investigated the influence of temporary affective states on perceptions of task characteristics and task satisfaction. Affective states, or moods, were defined as emotion-like states which lack an obvious referent and tend not to disrupt ongoing activity. Subjects evaluated teaching assistant candidates under two levels of task de...

Used meta-analytic techniques to examine the race effect for objective measures of performance and to compare the relative effect sizes for objective indices and subjective ratings. 53 samples from both published and unpublished studies were located that included at least 1 objective index of actual performance, absenteeism, or cognitive test perfo...

A recent review of ratee race effects on performance ratings (Landy & Farr, 1980) found conflicting results. For the present research, meta-analytic techniques were used for more substantive conclusions about the existence of ratee race effects and whether the effects were related to rater race or were moderated by situational factors. The five mod...

It has been argued that low TAT stability estimates are an artifact of retest instructions to be original and creative. This view was supported in a recent study by Winter and Stewart (1977) who found that test-retest reliability was higher when subjects were told on the second occasion to write the same stories than when they were told to write di...

A great deal is known about what influences recurrent training effectiveness in large companies. We know less about what influences entrepreneurial training effectiveness. Most important is our need to know whether or not the knowledge gained in training is actually transferred into practice by the entrepreneur (“training transfer”). The study’s pu...

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 117-125).