Kunio Shimada

• Fukushima University

The objective of this study was to derive an empirical expression for the amount of polishing removal in the case of simultaneous application of magnetic and electric fields using MCF (magnetic compound fluid) processing fluid. In the experiments, a polishing apparatus using disk-shaped permanent magnet tool, a parallel-disk type polisher that enab...

Powder jet machining is a blast machining process in which micrometer-order particles are projected onto a workpiece at near-supersonic speeds, to remove the workpiece (abrasive jet machining (AJM)) or to deposit the particles (powder jet deposition (PJD)). We report a novel dental treatment method for powder jet machining using hydroxyapatite, whi...

Blazed gratings are optical components typically employed in modern optical engineering. To realize high-precision and high-efficiency fabrication of blazed gratings on reliable materials, an ultrasonic-assisted ultraprecision planing (UAUP) method using a round-nose diamond tool under elliptical vibration mode is proposed in this paper. High-phosp...

Powder jet deposition (PJD) is a spray coating method and can perform under an environment of atmospheric pressure and room temperature. The deposition environment is advantageous for clinical use and the PJD process has been tried to apply to dental treatment by using fine particles of hydroxyapatite. However, its deposition rate is significantly...

To provide theoretical support for the wettability regulation of textured metal surfaces, a two-dimensional (2-D) thermodynamic model based on Helmholtz free energy is proposed to reveal the nature of the infiltration phenomenon. The relationship between the apparent contact angle and the free energy of the infiltration system is established. Micro...

In this study, the change in the strength of B-rich Fe-based amorphous alloy was investigated as a function of its microstructure controlled by the annealing at temperatures from 713 to 873 K. The strength was measured by using a micro-tensile test in a focused ion beam apparatus, and its machinability was tested by a blanking test. It was found th...

The final finish of workpieces and molds with microstructures on the surface requires maintaining the global precision of entire surface. On the basis of the requirement, we investigated the precision polishing on V-shaped microgrooves carved on a plate with utilizing a magnetic compound fluid involving abrasive grains (MCF-based processing fluid)....

A fundamental study of the mechanisms of generation of the laser-induced periodic surface structure (LIPSS) includes electromagnetic deposition theories and matter reorganization theories. The proposed two-dimensional finite element model incorporates frequency-domain electric field analysis and the two-temperature model (TTM) to simulate the growt...

The UltraSonic Machining (USM) process is simulated by using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) numerical simulation method. The influences of abrasive shape on material removal and abrasive wear are investigated. According to the simulation results, the abrasive shape has a strong influence on USM process. Using the abrasive with round shape is...

Anti-reflection, light diffusion, diffraction, the major optical functions used in cameras, led displays and other devices. Highly-ordered micro-structures on surfaces are commonly used to obtain those functions, and development of fabrication method of those in large scale, high efficiency, high precision became an important issue due to increase...

Sensors are essential in the haptic technology of soft robotics, which includes the technology of humanoids. Haptic sensors can be simulated by the mimetic organ of perceptual cells in the human body. However, there has been little research on the morphological fabrication of cutaneous receptors embedded in a human skin tissue utilizing artificial...

We have systematically prepared diverse microstructures by annealing B-rich Fe–Si–B–Cr amorphous sheets to obtain the optimum mechanical property and cutting machinability of the alloy. Thermal, structural, and mechanical analyses showed that the early reaction sequence of the amorphous alloy upon annealing is characterized by structural relaxation...

In biomedical engineering, laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs) have been extensively applied where laser irradiation of selective laser-melted (SLMed) samples to generate LIPSS-covered free-form samples is a promising technique. Using this technique, nanopillars around a spheroidal particle that was not molten during the SLM process...

The goal of this study was to investigate a study for the efficient generation of pillar-like nanostructure (nanopillar) on a material surface over a large area. In this research, a vertical cross-scanning (VCS) strategy using two linearly-polarized lasers with different laser conditions was proposed for the generation of nanopillars on a mirror-po...

Bacterial growth is one of the common causes of putrefaction and deterioration of water-soluble machining fluid. The 16S ribosomal DNA metagenome analysis of the bacterial species composing the microbial flora present in the machining fluid derived after processing demonstrated a high amount of species belonging to the Pseudomonas genus. Therefore,...

In this study, the relationship between the amount of material removed and the current characteristics on polishing or processing using a magnetic compound fluid (MCF) while simultaneously applying electric and magnetic fields was in-vestigated. Changes in the amount of material removed and the electric current in each experimental condition for fl...

Magnetic Compound Fluid (MCF) rubber is a new smart sensor obtained by mixing rubber with MCF. It has practicality of being a wide variety of new elements such as haptic sensor, piezoelectric element, solar cell, and energy harvesting. In this study, we investigated the energy harvesting technologies utilizing MCF rubber for sunlight and radiation....

Rubber involving magnetic compound fluid (MCF) and TiO2 is effective in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) to create large efficacy. Wearable and portable solar cells made of MCF rubber are the most desirable as soft materials in robots or flexible devices, and they are further desirable because they have self-generated power and power supply with...

Laser-assisted microcutting (LAMC) is a feasible technique for precision machining of amorphous alloys. However, due to the significant difference in deformation characteristics between amorphous and crystalline alloys, the research on LAMC of crystalline alloys cannot be directly used to explain the phenomenon of amorphous alloys. This paper studi...

Magnetic Compound Fluid (MCF) rubber is a new smart sensor obtained by mixing rubber with MCF. It has practicality of being a wide variety of new elements such as haptic sensor, capacitor and solar cell. We have planned to load MCF rubber sensor on a disaster corresponding robot, decommissioning robot, or robot for internal investigation in the nuc...

Fine structures provide materials with various functionalities such as friction reduction and water repellency. A short-pulsed laser is a suitable method to effectively fabricate fine structures through self-organization, called as LIPSS (laser induced periodic structures). However, this method has difficulty in control of LIPSS since the principle...

To satisfy the requirement of haptic sensibility in rubber such as in the proposed hybrid skin (H-Skin), the authors have demonstrated a new method for solidifying rubber using electrolytic polymerization together with configured magnetic clusters of magnetic compound fluid (MCF) incorporated into the rubber by the application of a magnetic field....

We investigated the proposed hybrid skin (H-Skin) for the requirement of haptic sensibility in rubber using our proposed consummate fabrication process together with a multi-layered magnetic compound fluid (MCF) rubber and stocking-like porous rubber permeated by liquids, which was demonstrated in our previous report. The objective was to assess it...

Compared with traditional nanotexturing methods, an ultrashort-pulsed laser is an efficient technology of fabricating nanostructures called laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) on material surfaces. LIPSS are easily fabricated when the pulse duration is shorter than collisional relaxation time (CRT). Accordingly, ultrashort-pulsed lase...

The reduced density of the autogenous bone around metal medical implants forces joint replacement patients to undergo revision surgery. The loss of bone density is caused by a significant difference in the elastic modulus between implants and autogenous bone. Various studies have attempted to reduce the elastic modulus of the implant to close the l...

Functional surface creation technologies have garnered increasing attention over the years. These technologies can provide various functions to a material by establishing a fine structure on the material surface and responding to the needs of industrial products with distinguished functions or high values. In addition, by creating a “composite fine...

In this study, plasma shot (PS) treatment was applied to high-speed steel (HSS) surfaces using a titanium carbide electrode to confirm the effect of discharge current (Ip) on the formation of a single dimple and analyze a modified layer. The roughness of modified surfaces increased when Ip increased, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry showed...

Surface microstructures can provide various functionalities, and wettability is a typical surface property that can be controlled by the surface textures. This study attempted to fabricate hierarchical microstructures through ultrasonic-assisted face milling (UAFM) to change the surface functionality by specifically focusing on the wettability. The...

In this study, the relationship between material removal and shear stress from fluid, and the processing pressure on micro-ordered precision processing for inner surface of cylinder utilizing a magnetic compound fluid were investigated. The amount of processing has a local maximum and a local minimum at increasing rotational speed of permanent magn...

Expanding on our previous report, we investigate the stability of a magnetic compound fluid (MCF) rubber sensor that was developed for a variety of engineering applications. To stabilize this sensor, we proposed a novel combination technique that facilitates the addition of dimethylpolysiloxane (PDMS) to natural rubber (NR)-latex or chloroprene rub...

An active area of research is the altering of surface functions (e.g., wettability and cell adhesion) by controlling fine surface structures such as laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS). It has been found that micrometer-scale grooving (produced, for example, using ultraprecision cutting) followed by short-pulsed laser irradiation can...

The purpose of this study is the development of an elastic sensor for the measurement of wall shear stress induced by flow. We used a flexible sensor by MCF rubber. The MCF is named of Magnetic Compound Fluid. This functional material can be measured the force by change of electric conductivity with a deformation. The experiments were carried out w...

Surface microstructures can provide various functionalities, and wettability is a typical surface property that can be controlled by surface textures. Unidirectional wetting properties (UWPs) have been garnering attention as a useful wetting function for industrial functions. Thus, in this study, developing UWPs using surface microstructures has be...

As per sequential studies on new types of soft rubber for the artificial skin of robots, smart sensors, etc., we have proposed and investigated hybrid skin (H-Skin) and haptic sensors by using magnetic compound fluid (MCF), compounding natural rubber latex (NR-latex), and applying electric and magnetic fields. Through electrolytic polymerization, t...

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the microstructures and chemical composition changes of the surface of tetragonal zirconia polycrystal ( TZP) after irradiation of nanosecond pulsed laser and to consider the effects for biocompatibility. Two types of zirconia ceramics, yttria-stabilized TZP ( Y-TZP) and ceria-stabilized TZP/alumina nanoc...

Additive manufacturing techniques have attracted much attention in various industries due to capability of manufacturing fully functional complex-shaped components by joining material in a layer by layer manner. Fatigue properties of titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) produced via the selective laser melting (SLM) was examined under four-point bending at a...

The purpose of this study is the development of an elastic sensor for measuring wall shear stress induced by flow water. We used a flexible sensor by MCF Rubber. MCF is the abbreviation for magnetic compound fluid. MCF Rubber is composed of NR-latex, nickel powder, and magnetic fluid. These materials are mixed, then polymerized with electric heat....

In the series of studies on new types of elastic and compressible artificial skins with hybrid sensing functions, photovoltaics, and battery, we have proposed a hybrid skin (H-Skin) by utilizing an electrolytically polymerized magnetic compound fluid (MCF) made of natural rubber latex (NR-latex). By using the experimental results in the first and s...

In contrast to ordinary solid-state solar cells, a flexible, elastic, extensible and light-weight solar cell has the potential to be extremely useful in many new engineering applications, such as in the field of robotics. Therefore, we propose a new type of artificial skin for humanoid robots with hybrid functions, which we have termed hybrid skin...

Ordinary solar cells are very difficult to bend, squash by compression, or extend by tensile strength. However, if they were to possess elastic, flexible, and extensible properties, in addition to piezo-electricity and resistivity, they could be put to effective use as artificial skin installed over human-like robots or humanoids. Further, it could...

This paper investigates the effects of geometrical features of tailored textures on friction reduction of a surface with a lubricant-film thickness of several to several-tenths micrometers, using the Navier-Stokes equations and the orthogonal experimental design. The results indicate that the surface textured with the selected sawtooth riblets in l...

In this study, we proposed processing the inner surface of cylinder-like parts with a magnetic compound fluid (MCF). We determined the processing characteristics of material removal and the changes in surface roughness and shape accuracy. The processing tool was a round SUS bar with a permanent magnet inserted in it. Processing was performed by coa...

Powder jet deposition (PJD) is a technique to deposit material on the target under atmospheric pressure and room temperature. It has been tried to apply on dental treatment by using particles of hydroxyapatite (HA), the main component of human teeth. Prototype PJD equipment was developed in the previous research, but problems such as unstable and i...

The purpose of this study is to develop the sensor to measure the wall shear stress due to the flow by using MCF rubber. MCF is the name of Magnetic Compound Fluid. MCF rubber is combining the metal particle in a natural rubber (NR) latex. The MCF rubber can be measured the force normal to the rubber and shearing force. The force acting on MCF rubb...

In the field of cutting, improvement of friction characteristics and process under the dry condition has been demanded to achieve cost-effective and environmentally friendly process. Hard coating is a well-known method to reduce friction, but limitations of control of film are also pointed out. Micro- or nanostructures on the friction surfaces has...

Ordinary solar cells are too hard to bend, squash by compression, or extend by tensile strength. However, if it were possible to have elastic, flexible and extensible properties, as well as piezoelectricity, that material would be useful and effective for the artificial skin installed over a human-like robot. It could serve as a husk that generates...

Ordinary electrolytic polymerization has involved plastic-type polymer solutions. Rubber, especially natural rubber, has not been focused on until recently owing to the fact that electrolytic polymerization has only a very small effect on rubber. However, when the C=C bonds of natural rubber is focused on, the same electrolytic polymerization is ap...

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of particles as filler in soft rubber sensors installed in artificial skin. We examine sensors made of natural rubber (NR-latex) that include magnetic particles of Ni and Fe3O4 using magnetic compound fluid (MCF). The 1-mm thickness of the electrolytically polymerized MCF rubber makes production of...

Many sensors require mechanical durability to resist immense or impulsive pressure and large elasticity, so that they can be installed in or assimilated into the outer layer of artificial skin on robots. Given these demanding requirements, we adopted natural rubber (NR-latex) and developed a new method (NM) for curing NR-latex by the application of...

Piezoelements used in robotics require large elasticity and extensibility to be installed in an artificial robot skin. However, the piezoelements used until recently are vulnerable to large forces because of the thin solid materials employed. To resolve this issue, we utilized a natural rubber and applied our proposed new method of aiding with magn...

Sensors are essential to the fulfillment of every condition of haptic technology, and they need simultaneously to sense shear stress as well as normal force, and temperature. They also must have a strong and simple structure, softness, and large extension. To achieve these conditions simultaneously, we enhanced the sensitivity of sensors utilizing...

Ultrashort-pulsed laser irradiation is a more efficient approach to the fabrication of fine surface structures than traditional processing methods. However, it has some problems: the equipment expenses usually increase as the pulse shortens, and the process principle has not been clarified completely, although the collisional relaxation time (CRT)...

Generally surfaces with nano meter-si zed structures provide various functions to materials. For example, a glass surface with nanostructures reduces the surface reflectance of optical elements such as camera lenses. While this kind of dogma-researches about surface functions are matured, researches on processing methods for general industrial prod...

The same ordinary electrolytic polymerization of plastic-type polymer solution is applicable to natural rubber, with its C=C bonds, if a magnetic field and a filler are added. With the application of a magnetic field and the magnetic responsive fluid known as magnetic compound fluid (MCF), we have clarified the enhancement of the electrolytic polym...

MCF haptic rubber sensor contains the rubber and the magnetic compound fluid (MCF) which has developed by Shimada as a magnetic reactive intelligent fluid by compounding μm-ordered metal particles and magnetic fluid (MF) having magnetic particles (Fe3O4). The characteristics of the MCF rubber previously made of by utilizing a natural rubber and by...

This study proposes a new polishing method using MCF (magnetic compound fluid) slurry for ultra-precision and high-efficiency polishing of fused silica. A semi-fixed abrasive tool called "MCF wheel" was proposed that is in practice produced by putting MCF slurry on the outer surface of ring-shaped permanent magnets. In this paper, method of a certa...

MCF haptic rubber (MCFHR) contains the rubber and the magnetic compound fluid (MCF) which has developed by Shimada as a magnetic reactive intelligent fluid by compounding μm-ordered metal particles and magnetic fluid (MF) having magnetic paticles (Fe_3O_). The characteristics of the MCFHR previously made of by utilizing a natural rubber and by the...

In nano-precision surface finishing of engineering materials using MCF (magnetic compound fluid) slurry, the water-based MCF slurry is preferable from the viewpoint of the environmental issue and the running cost of cleaning workpiece and equipment. However, the uncoated-CIPs (carbonyl-iron-powders) within the conventional MCF slurry have low abili...

Molding is an effective and efficient approach to producing highly functional optical elements with complex shapes. However, edge sharpness is a serious problem with molded microstructures. An Ultrasonic-Assisted Molding (UAM) device was developed to improve shape transferability. First, basic experiments showed that UAM induced a maximum temperatu...

The initiation and propagation of cracks generated on a work surface during UltraSonic Machining (USM) were simulated using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH). Different abrasive materials, tool materials, and abrasive sizes were used in this simulation. The distribution and size of the calculated cracks were found to be strongly influenced by d...

The effect of magnetic field distribution on the micro processing for inner wall of a horizontal positioning pipe was investigated. The processing tool installed ring-shaped permanent magnets between spacers utilizing magnetic compound fluid (MCF) was inserted and rotated in the pipe. In the experiment, the characteristics of material removal, velo...

As one of intelligent fluid that is responsible to a magnetic field, we have developed MCF (magnetic compound fluid) in 2001. It involves magnetic clusters aggregated by particles inner the fluid. As controlling the behavior of the clusters by the application of the magnetic field, we can develop many applications: self-assembly, damper, nano-finis...

Recently, fixed abrasive technologies have been needed to solve some problems with free abrasive technologies, such as processing efficiency and environmental pollution. Plane honing is one effective fixed abrasive technology for processing wafer-like materials. Advantages of plane honing include a high processing rate, slurry waste-free process, a...

We proposed a microprocessing method using a magnetic compound fluid for the inner surface of a tube made of a material that is difficult to cut, and clarified the processing characteristics and magnetic field distribution of the tool. The tool inserted into the tube comprises a stack of ring-shaped permanent magnets with spacers between them. Ther...

Conventional methods of grinding tend to be less efficient and less accurate for circumferential surfaces of smaller inner diameter. To make such grinding highly accurate and highly efficient, we have developed an Ultrasonically-Assisted Grinding Unit (UAG-Unit) by providing ultrasonic assistance to conventional internal grinding. In addition, we h...

Hammering action plays a primary role in material removal in ultrasonic machining (USM). In the present study, Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is used to simulate the hammering action of a single silicon carbide abrasive particle on a float glass workpiece, and the implications for crack initiation and propagation on the workpiece are discuss...

Powder jet machining can be used for both material removal (abrasive jet machining) and material deposition processes (powder jet deposition) by changing the powder spray conditions. The transition from the removal to the deposition is investigated. The transition between these two phenomena, removal and deposition, is studied through simulating th...

Ultrasonic cavitation assisted micro-electrical discharge machining was used to fabricate microstructures on reaction-bonded silicon carbide. To aid the removal of debris from the machining gap and to obtain a good surface finish, carbon nanofibers were added into the dielectric fluid. The suspension of carbon nanofibers in the dielectric fluid and...

Glass molding press is an efficient manufacturing technology to fabricate microstructures on glass. To optimize the experimental conditions for precision replication of periodic microstructures with different pitch sizes, Finite Element Method (FEM) simulation and experiments were carried out to study the glass molding press process. First, the eff...

At the fields of robotics, sensing for artificial arm and leg, and investigating surface property, the sensor that is applicable to response for shear force as well as normal force has been developed. For the development of the haptic sensor by combining metal particles, we used silicon oil and balloon crude rubbers as naming MCF rubber. The MCF ru...

The purpose of this study is to clarify characteristics of the micro processing utilizing magnetic compound fluid (MCF) inner wall of a horizontal pipe and to investigate flow characteristics of the circumference of a tool. A ring-shaped permanent magnet between spacers stacked in the processing tool with MCF is inserted and rotated in the pipe. In...

For the fields of robot's sensing, developing artificial arm and leg, and investigating surface property, the sensor that is applicable to response for shear force as well as normal force should be developed. Our developed haptic sensor by combining metal particles in balloon natural rubber has high quality of sensing at 0.01 N ordered force and ha...

At the fields of robotics and sensing for artificial arm and artificial leg, the sensor that is able to response for shear force as well as normal force should be developed. Our developed haptic sensor by combining metal particles in balloon crude rubber has high quality of sensing for 0.01 N order normal force. The rubber is one of our developed M...

It was described that there is not the effect of the clearance under the pulsed magnetic field without polishing tool's movement in the case of polishing flat surface utilizing a magnetic compound fluid (MCF). Based on these results, the concave surface having small diameter was polished by the only two-dimensional motion of the tool. We clarified...

MCF is an abbreviation of Magnetic Compound Fluid. In our laboratory, we have developed the MCF a few years ago and created MCF conductive rubber based on the MCF. In other words, this MCF rubber can conduct electricity. For the fields of investigating surface property, the MCF rubber that is applicable to response for shear force as well as normal...

This paper deals with High precision polishing in 3D micro structure using MCF (magnetic compound fluid) assisted low frequency vibration. The relative motion of the workpiece to the MCF slurry is generated oscillating the workpiece at a low-frequency and polishing experiments have been carried out involving the micro convex shaped workpiece. The o...

MCF is one of the intelligent magnetic responsive fluids developed. It is compounded by magnetic fluid (MF) and magneto-rheological fluid (MRP). The MCF is defined by the suspensions conducted from micro to nano ordered metal particles in MF, and is responsive to a magnetic field. Since the particles aggregate in the fluid by the application of the...

At the fields of robotics and sensing for artificial arm and artificial leg, the rubber that is able to response for shear force as well as normal force should be developed Our developed haptic rubber by combining metal particles in balloon crude rubber has high quality of sensing for 0.01 N ordered force The rubber is one of our developed MCF rubb...

We proposed a new type of finishing with fluid. It was utilized of non-attachment the finishing surface to the finished surface of a material under a steady magnetic field. We used the fluid as an intelligent fluid which reacts upon the magnetic field, MCF (magnetic compound fluid). We can deal with larger clearance between the finishing surface an...

At the fields of robotics, sensing for artificial arm and leg, and investigating surface property, the sensor that is applicable to response for shear force as well as normal force should be developed. Our developed haptic sensor by combining metal particles in balloon crude rubber has high quality of sensing for 0.01 N ordered force and has the ab...

The effects of the frequency of a pulsed magnetic field on flat polishing were investigated to obtain basic data for increasing the performance and precision of polishing using MCFs. We clarified that the profile curves after polishing differ for a direct-current magnetic field and for a pulsed magnetic field and flattening occurred over a wide ran...

This paper aims to develop an alternative novel technique for the high efficiency and ultrafine surface finishing of fused silica glass. A semi-fixed abrasive tool named MCF (magnetic compound fluid) wheel is produced by distributing a certain volume of MCF slurry uniformly over the whole circumference surface of ring-shaped permanent magnets. An e...

Ultra-High Purity (UHP) alloys providing such excellent properties as high corrosion resistance and toughness are difficult to machine efficiently due to these very properties. To improve machining efficiency, we applied ultrasonic-assisted micro-grinding to UHP alloy machining. We discuss the theoretical model we built of ultrasonic-assisted grind...

The automatic polishing process for three-dimensional forms, such as prototype models of products made of acrylic resin, are being required to develop in order to reduce cost and time consumption. This paper proposes a new polishing technique using magnetic compound fluid (MCF) and robotic arm. Firstly, a polishing unit, which can generate a dynami...

By applying our developed intelligent fluid, magnetic compound fluid (MCF), to silicon oil rubber, we have made the MCF rubber highly sensitive to temperature and electric conduction. MCF is useful as an element material in haptic robot sensors and other related devices. By mixing metal particles in the silicon oil rubber and by applying a strong m...

We investigated the effect of the flow direction of abrasive particles and magnetic clusters on polishing of an inner capillary wall by magnetic compound fluid (MCF) flow. We used an experimental system for polishing inner capillary walls by controlling the MCF flow rate and the rotational speed of the magnetic field. We clarified the relationship...

The finishing process of a metal mold depends on the hand work of experts by using a whetstone tool in many cases. This is because it is difficult to treat the three-dimensional configuration, such as free-form surfaces and convex and concave configurations. To overcome this difficulty, we propose a dynamic magnetic field assisted finishing using m...

This paper deals with the experimental investigation on the detailed performance of magnetic compound fluid (MCF)-based polishing liquid (MPL) in nanoprecision surface treatment of acrylic resin that is essentially required for producing the model in the process of developing an inaugural mechanical system. The MPL is produced in practice by mixing...

In order to solve the various energy problems and the global enhancing temperature in recent years, as one of the various methods, the idea of utilization of a magnetic fluid (MF) has been shown theoretically, and that clarified experimentally. For the phenomena, we can also realize the rotating state of a permanent magnet. We clarified the electri...

In this study, we investigated the effect of the motion direction of the abrasive particles on the polishing inner capillary walls by MCF (Magnetic Compound Fluid) flow. We used an experimental apparatus for polishing inner capillary wall by controlling the flow rate of MCF and the rotational number of magnetic field. We clarified that the relation...