Kulithalai V Krishnamurthy

Sami Labs, Ltd. · R & D

The present invention discloses a method of isolating secondary metabolites, specifically arjunolic acid, from the calli and /or the suspension cultures derived from the pluripotent cambium tissue of Terminalia arjuna. The invention also discloses a method of inducing callus, establishing and maintaining suspension cultures of callus derived from t...

This volume has 13 chaptres written by experts

This is Vol 4 contains 15 chapters written by experts in the field.

This book is the first of its kind in many years Darwin did some work on climbing plants but the subject has been ignored and the work during the last century to present is all scattered. The authors planned and edited this book ASsymmetry in Plant Biology of handedness Eminent scholars in the field from various countries were invited to share thei...

The 5 volume book on Ethnobotany of India by three authors is now available. Volume 1 deals with Ethnobotany of Eastern Ghats and Deccan and contains authentic information written by experts in the field. There are 12 chapters and are well illustrated.

Disclosed are the antimicrobial effects of bioactive compounds isolated from Curcuma species and their derivatives. Specifically, the invention discloses the growth inhibition of and management of infections caused by Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC), Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and Pleisiomonas species by curcuminoids, cabebin...

Disclosed are the antimicrobial effects of bioactive compounds isolated from Curcuma species and their derivatives. Specifically, the invention discloses the growth inhibition of and management of infections caused by Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC), Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and Pleisiomonas species by curcuminoids, calebin...

The present invention discloses novel endophytic fungi, Ovatospora brasiliensis MTCC 25236 for the bioconversion of curcuminoids to Calebin-A and a method for its isolation from the rhizomes of Curcuma sp. The invention also discloses a method for the bioconversion of curcuminoids to Calebin-A using an endophytic fungi Ovatospora brasiliensis MTCC2...

Disclosed are the antimicrobial effects of bioactive compounds isolated from Curcuma species and their derivatives. Specifically, the invention discloses the growth inhibition of and management of infections caused by Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC), Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and Pleisiomonas species by curcuminoids, calebin...

Plants exhibit forms of asymmetry analogous to "handedness" in bilaterally symmetrical animals. This book explores the evolutionary significance and development of asymmetry. Examples of genetic control include the direction of tendril or stem coiling of many climbing plants; the so-called spiral phyllotaxy and floral taxy; and contorted petal arra...

Plants and animals are compared with reference left- right symmetry. This type of symmetry is a fairly common feature in both plants and animals, distributed across their different groups. In both groups, there are internal and external asymmetries, the former being more common in animals and the latter in plants. Left-right symmetry plays an impor...

Chapter deals with the asymmetry noticed at the cell level. Particular attention is paid to explain the incidences of asymmetric cell divisions and the factors that control them. The most important factors include cell cycle events, polarity, formation of cortical sites, characteristic cytoskeletal behavior and certain genetical factors. The three...

The Origins and Conceptual definitions of the words handedness, asymmetry, Chirality and helicity are provided. The confusions prevailing in the use of these words are clarified. Although these words are used interchangeably and although some order was established by Palmer (2005), subtle differences that exist between them are highlighted. The evo...

This article reports the phenomenon of embryo rotation during its development inside the seed. This was first reported in the developing embryo of Polygala species. A survey of embryological literature in angiosperms shows that there are direct as well as indirect evidences for embryo rotations in many other taxa. Embryo rotation can also be caused...

This chapter deals with circumnutation that occurs at the tips of longitudinally growing plant organs. Its parameters like amplitude, period, shape and direction are reported to vary with plants, and plant parts and at different environmental conditions. While the changes in some of these parameters are explainable others are not. Four models, inte...

Azadirachta indica, commonly known as neem, native of India-Myanmar and naturalized in most of tropical and subtropical countries has great value. The importance of the neem tree has been recognized by people from ancient times.. Ethnobotanically neem is useful in medicine, veterinary medicine, as biopesticides and in many other ways. It contains m...

The North Eastern (NE) region of India houses considerable ethnic multiplicity, which largely differ in their traditions, customs and language. Majority of these tribes are forest dwellers and live in communities under the rule of despotic chiefs. These tribes are classified according to their origin, language, race, religion and their geographical...

This chapter deals with the ethnobotanical aspects of Indus Valley Civilization, which is one of the oldest civilization of the world. The chapter 60introduces the basic features of this civilization and goes on to explain the involvement of Indus valley ethnic people in agriculture, domestication, crop plants cultivation, involvement of plants in...

This chapter summarizes the basic information related to the most important ethnic/tribal communities of Western peninsular India. The history of peopling of this region is provided in the introductory part, followed by a description of the most important tribes. The focus is on their population size, way of life, ethnic knowledge on plants and soc...

This chapter deals with sacred groves (SGs), patches of native vegetation associated with local deities/spirits/ancestors, established and maintained by the local ethnic communities of the western peninsular India. Established long back, the SGs are shown to have survived under the maintenance of the ethnic communities retaining their original stru...

This is the second of a five-volume set. This series of volumes on the ethnobotany of different regions of India melds important knowledge in one place. India is one of the most important regions of the old world and has culturally rich and diverse knowledge systems. The expert authors have been selected to summarize information on the various aspe...

This chapter deals with the ethnic diversity of Eastern Ghats and the adjacent Deccan region. Emphasis is laid on the major ethnic tribes of Odisha, Undivided Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka. Ethnic tribal communities form a fairly a dominant percentage of the population of this area. These communities are the sources and holders of great...

This ethnic knowledge system is often called traditional knowledge system (TKS). When one critically analyzes the ethnic cultures and their non-codified and codified TKS of different parts of the world, he would be greatly impressed on knowing that these cultures placed great emphasis on the value and importance of their environment and its resourc...

This chapter briefly summarizes the efforts so far made in the conservation, documentation and management of ethnic tribes of Eastern Ghats and the adjacent Deccan region and their ethnobotanical knowledge. Conservation efforts made by tribes themselves (like recognition of sacred temple trees and sacred groves) as well as by governmental and non-g...

This paper deals with a comparison of non-infected (normal) and infected parts of the agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk. Family: Thymelaeaceae) from a histological and histochemical perspective. Although there is no difference in the structural aspects, the infected agarwood shows the presence of terpenoids, phenolics, phenolic-terpenoid complex...

உலக மக்கள் தொ கையில் சரிபாதியாக பெண்கள் இருக்கின்றனர். பெரும்பாலும அவர்கள் குடும்பத் தை மட்டு மே பராமரிப்பவர்களாகப் பார்க்கப்படுகின்றனர். ஆனால் சமூகப் படிநி லை வளர்ச்சியில் பெண்களின் பங்கு ஆண்களுக்கு நிகரானது. இந்த நூல் அறிவியி லையும் தொழில்நுட்பத் தையும் பாதித்த காரணிக ளை வரலாற்றினூ டே விளக்கி, அ வை பாலினப் பாகுபாட்டில் எந்த அளவிற்கு முக்கிய வி சை...

This chapter deals with the development and organization of different cell types and tissues of plants. Development includes process such as cell division (including cell cycle), cell enlargement, differentiation, pattern formation and morphogenesis. A detailed account on cell cycle and its hormonal and genetic control has been provided. Differenti...

This chapter deals with meristems and their importance in the organization of the primary and secondary plant body. The meristem concept is explained with particular reference to initial stem cells and paremacy of initials. A classifications of meristem sis provided, followed by the organization of SAM, RAM and vascular cambium. The genetic basis o...

Leaves are the most important organs of plants and carry out very vital physiological activities such as photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration, photoreception and synthesis and supply of signal compounds, including growth regulators. They are always associated with shoot apical meristems from which they arise. Leaves are arranged on the stem w...

This chapter provides an overview of the flowering plants or angiosperms. The unique features of angiosperms are described, and based on these features, the evolutionary and phylogenetic history of angiosperm is traced. The chapter also gives details on distribution, phytogeography, growth habit, life form classes, root and shoot systems, leaves, i...

This chapter deals with plant organization at the cellular level which is the fundamental level of biological integration also. Since cells are often considered as the basic structural and functional unit of any biological organism, organization at the cellular level forms the basis for understanding organization at the higher levels. This chapter...

The flower is a unique feature of flowering plants. Recent research on molecular biology has indicated that a flower is the result of expression and interplay of several genes operating in a sequence. At least four pathways trigger floral evocation: temperature pathway (vernalization and ambient pathways), light quality pathway, photoperiod pathway...

This chapter deals with details on anther and male gametophytic development, ovule and female gametophytic development, events leading to double fertilization, pollen germination and pollen tube and syngamy and triple fusion. Since basic embryological developmental details are already detailed in earlier literature, attention is focused only on rec...

This chapter deals with post-double-fertilization growth and development in the angiosperms, particularly emphasizing the molecular genetic aspects. The patternized development of mature embryo starts with the polarized zygote. The importance of maternal gene control on early embryogeny and on endosperm development is highlighted. The nonmaternal g...

An overview of plant biodiversity is provided in this chapter. Details of genetic diversity, species diversity and ecosystem diversity are given. Hotspots of biodiversity and their details have also been given. Threats to biodiversity and methods of conservation are described.

This chapter deals with a history of botanical science. Major advancements made in the ancient, medieval, Renaissance and modern periods in different subdisciplines are detailed. Particular emphasis has been provided to the importance of instruments and techniques that enabled these advancements. The importance of Arabidopsis as a model plant in co...

Growth and development in plants has been a topic of interest to plant scientists for more than two centuries. Botanists have focused their interest on this topic exclusively from a morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and molecular perspective and have generated an enormous volume of data and information.

abstract included

The study of floristic ecology and phenology of medicinal plants in intact tropical ecosystems is important to understand the dynamics of medicinal plant species evolving in particular ecosystems. Of the 172 taxa occurring in the southern most hill (Shevaroys) of the Eastern Ghats, 41% represented scrub, 35% semi-evergreen and 24% deciduous vegetat...

The present research was aimed as a pharmacognostic study of whole plants of Allium wallichii and Allium stracheyi, both of which are very important traditional medicinal plants of North-West Himalayas. This study was carried out in terms of macroscopic and microscopic analyses and standard histochemical methods were followed for detecting starch,...

The present research was aimed as a pharmacognostic study of whole plants of Allium wallichii and Allium stracheyi, both of which are very important traditional medicinal plants of North-West Himalayas. This study was carried out in terms of macroscopic and microscopic analyses and standard histochemical methods were followed for detecting starch,...

This paper reviews the embryological features of Jatropha, a large genus with about 175 species belonging to Euphorbiaceae. In spite of the fact that many species of this genus have great economic potential, it is one of the very poorly studied from the embryology stand point. The limited literature available indicate that this monoecious genus has...

In this report, we review the wood anatomy of 11 taxa of Jatropha L., i.e., J. curcas, J. gossypifolia (two varieties), J. tanjorensis, J. glandulifera, J. heynei, J. villosa, (wild species), J. podagrica, J. multifida, J. integerrima and J. panduraefolia (cultivated species) occurring in India. Various aspects related to vessel elements, fibers, a...

Gmelina arborea Roxb. (Verbenaceae) is the authentic botanical entity correlated to Gambhari as per the ayurvedic pharmacopoeia of India. Root of Gambhari, is one of the ten ingredients of Dasamula, an important formulation in ayurveda. The increasing annual demand of >1000 MT of the raw drug and the decline in the availability of the authentic spe...

Field surveys were undertaken to various parts of India to study distribution and population status of Embelia ribes, a red listed medicinal plant of India, used in many Ayurveda preparations, which also forms an important NTFP. Although this species has been reported across the country, it was never seen in great abundance during the present study...

Plant propagation is critical to augment the resource and has been the main concern for farmers and planters through history. India has evolved the science of Vṛkṣāyurveda to address the above issue. An effort is made here to review Vṛkṣāyurveda literature related to nursery techniques. Different libraries were visited and relevant review material...

The study include the establishment of pharmacognostic and phytochemical characters of Ativisha (Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. ex Royle, Ranunculaceae) and to compare them with its substitutes, Cyperus rotundus L. (Musta), C. scariosus R. Br., Cyperaceae, and Cryptocoryne spiralis (Retz.) Fisch. ex Wydler, Araceae (Country Ativisha). Morphology of t...

This paper deals with the laticifers and latex of the species of Jatropha so far studied along with the information provided by our own studies on Jatropha tanjorensis, J. curcas and J. gossypifolia. The genus Jatropha is reported to posses all the three types of laticifers; articulated, non-articulated and idioblastic. Some species possess all the...

This paper deals with the laticifers and latex of the species of Jatropha so far studied along with the information provided by our own studies on Jatropha tanjorensis, J. curcas and J. gossypifolia. The genus Jatropha is reported to posses all the three types of laticifers; articulated, non-articulated and idioblastic. Some species possess all the...

Background: Substitution or adulteration of a particular genuine drug with other species due to demand exceeding the supply of the original species, is rampant in the present trade scenario. As a result, proper authentication of the drug for safe administration as an herbal medicine assumes paramount significance. Aim: Prsniparni, Uraria picta (Jac...

Starch and inulin are two different storage polysaccharides of plant cells of diverse taxa. Starch has nutritive and medicinal value as well as is a source of simple sugars in industry. Inulin also has value in food industry as a source of fructose and in preparation of diabetic bread. Techniques to identify their presence and relative quantities i...

Twenty-seven species of Caesalpiniaceae were studied to compare the gelatinous fibres of root and stem wood. Species that possessed gelatinous fibres in root wood also possessed them in stem wood, but only two taxa showed the reverse condition. Gelatinous fibres did not exhibit an organ-dependent specificity in their transectional distribution. In...

The vascular cambium of Albizzia, Tectona, Terminalia, Calophyllum, Mangifera and Morinda was non-storied while that of Dalbergia was semi-storied. The ray initials were uniseriate in Terminalia and Calophyllum, both uniseriate and biseriate in Albizzia, Dalbergia, Mangifera and Morinda and were also multiseriate in Tectona. They were homogeneous i...

This book covers 100 traditionally known Indian medicinal plants, their distribution, technical description, phytochemical characterization and ethnomedical uses. This would be of help to understand the traditional medicinal knowledge of India, in the light of modern research, particularly the phytochemical basis of the therapeutic applications.

தமிழ் நாட்டின் பண்பாட்டுச் சின்னங்களாக விளங்கும் கோவில்களின் தலவிருட்சங்கள், நந்தவனங்கள் போன்ற தமிழர்களின் தாவரம்சார் நாகரீக வரலாற்றைப் படம் பிடித்துக் காட்டும் நூல். சங்க இலக்கியத் தாவரங்களைப் பற்றி அறியவும், ஆராயவும் விழைவோருக்கு இது ஒரு கைந்நூல். தமிழகத்தில் இருந்த தாவரங்கள் எவை? வந்தேறிய அயல் தாவரங்கள் எவை? மருந்தாவன எவை? விருந்தாவன எவை? போன்ற...

Cassia auriculata is considered to be one of the important dye yielding and medicinal plants in India. In the present study seeds from fourteen different localities were collected all over India and nine enzymes were screened by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) technique and thirty-four putative loci were totally detected. Cluster a...

An efficient protocol was developed for regeneration of healthy plant derived from six categories of explants from both in vivo and in vitro raised plants, viz. roots, corm buds (dormant and nondormant), young leaves, stems, pedicels, and shoot tips from aerial shoots. MS medium supplemented with various concentrations and combinations of auxin, cy...

Phenylalanine and tyrosine play a central role in Gloriosa superba L. calluses for the production of colchicine. The lack of biosynthetic precursors and signal inducing enzyme activity are responsible for the lower production of colchicine in vitro. B 5 medium nutrient grown calluses have a low content of colchicine, indicating that an optimal prec...

In vitro supply of exogenous precursors for the biosynthesis of colchicine using B5 medium from Gloriosa superba L. calluses is reported. Determination of colchicine in callus samples has been established using high-performance liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. The maximum amount of colchicine i.e. 9.0 mg g-1 DW was detected in...

Biodiversity has now become a multidisciplinary subject in which concepts, ideas and methodologies have been contributed by a number of other disciplines. This book presents the concepts, themes and ideas on this ever-growing multi-disciplinary subject. Contents: Biodiversity Science: Definition, Scope and Constraints / Genetic Diversity / Species...

In vitro production of corms from Gloriosa superba L. using three kinds of explants: dormant, non-dormant corm buds and 30 d old in vitro derived multiple shoots is reported. Excellent responses was obtained in terms of corm production using MS medium supplemented with B5 vitamins, 6% sucrose, 2iP, ADS and ANL for corm formation from dormant corm b...

The induction, maturation and germination of embryoids from leaf tissue of Gloriosa superba L. were developed by exploiting solid and liquid culture. Nodular calli were obtained from SH medium supplemented with 2,4-D and 2iP. In solid culture, the nodular calli when transferred to 2,4-D along with glycerol gave the best response (68.4 %) in embryoi...

Over the last two decades, an increasing body of information has been added to the biodiversity science and the subject matter has become more and more voluminous. Biodiversity has now become a multidisciplinary subject in which concepts, ideas and methodologies have been contributed by a number of other disciplines. However, there is a dearth of c...

Lichens are among the most widely distributed eukaryotic organisms in the world (Galun 1988) and already about 14000 lichen species are known. Since the symbiotic association of a mycobiont and a photobiont is a pre-requisite to the existence of a lichen, for its dispersal either both partners must be distributed simultaneously or certain adaptatio...

To determine the biochemical and enzymological changes due to peloton organization and degeneration in an epiphytic orchid, samples of Aerides maculosum containing a natural inoculum of the mycorrhizal fungus of the genus Rhizoctonia were collected in Tamil Nadu, India. Roots were cut and prepared into thin sections which were subjected to cytochem...

The first comprehensive book on cell wall cytochemistry and the methodology involved Includes tested and standardized methodologies Covers a broad range of cell wall chemicals of all plants employing light, fluorescent and electron microscopy Gives special emphasis to Immunocytochemistry of the cell wall Offers a detailed introduction on the cell w...

It is a matter of controversy whether secondary wall deposition is dependent on lignification during the development of tracheary elements. To understand this, tracheary element differentiation was studied in the homogeneous calli obtained from the cotyledonary explants of Cucumis sativus subsequent to treatment with plant growth regulators, such a...

Changes in saccharide contents of tea leaves during infection with blister blight fungus Exobasidium vexans Masse was studied. Saccharose and glucose contents decreased in the blistered portions when compared to the normal regions until sporulation and remained constant during the entire period of sporulation. Fructose content increased abruptly du...

This paper describes the hitherto unreported aspects of orchid mycorrhizae. The host cells harbour upto 4 generations of fungal pelotons which are formed after each peloton is digested. There are two types of hyphae in a host cell, one forming the pelotons, and the other which lies close to the host cell wall and separated from the former by a call...