Kuldeep Dhama

• M.V.Sc., Ph.D. (Gold Medalist)
• Principal Scientist at Indian Veterinary Research Institute

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have promising potential as a therapeutic intervention and diagnostic modality. This chapter comprehensively explores the evidence derived from preclinical studies on the utility of EVs in various applications. Preclinical studies have unveiled the remarkable therapeutic potential of EVs. These nanosized messengers play...

Bone diseases, ranging from degenerative disorders like osteoporosis to malignant conditions such as bone metastasis, present significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide due to their prevalence, morbidity, and economic burden. Factors like aging populations, sedentary lifestyles, and poor nutrition contribute to their increasing burden....

Naringin is one of the important flavonoids that occurs naturally in citrus fruits and contributes bitterness to citrus fruit juices. Chemical methods can reduce the bitterness in citrus juices, but these methods have several drawbacks. Biologically, the naringin-mediated bitterness can be reduced by naringinase-mediated hydrolysis of naringin. The...

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach in regenerative medicine. It contains various growth factors and bioactive molecules that play pivotal roles in tissue repair, regeneration, and inflammation modulation. This comprehensive narrative review delves into the therapeutic potential of PRP in experimental goat and...

Tissue engineering with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has emerged as a promising frontier in veterinary orthopaedics, offering innovative solutions for musculoskeletal disorders in companion animals. MSCs, known for their multipotency and immunomodulatory potential that play a crucial role in promoting tissue repair and regeneration. The personaliz...

Nanotechnology has emerged as a pivotal backbone in veterinary medicine, particularly in the fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. The ability to manipulate materials at the nanoscale has paved the way for innovative approaches aimed at restoring and promoting tissue function in animals. The convergence of nanotechnology with vete...

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy presents a promising strategy for treating various ocular conditions in veterinary medicine. This review explores the therapeutic potential of MSCs in managing corneal ulcers, immune-mediated keratitis, chronic superficial keratitis, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, retinal degeneration, and ocular burns in feline, eq...

Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is caused by a specific strain of the 6 types of human coronaviruses (HCoV). MERS-CoV has spread unchecked since it was first discovered in Saudi Arabia in 2012. The virus most likely spreads through nosocomial and zoonotic channels. Genetic analyses suggest that bats were the initial hosts and that the disea...

The wound healing process in rodents (rats and mice) and lagomorphs (rabbits) predominantly relies on wound contraction rather than re-epithelialization and granulation tissue formation. As a result, existing laboratory animal models for wound healing often fail to mimic human wound healing mechanisms accurately. This study introduces a standardize...

Onychomycosis, commonly referred to as nail fungus, is a persistent and difficult-to-treat condition that affects both toes and fingernails. Even though traditional treatments such as antifungal medications and topical ointments are effective in some cases, they are often associated with sig�nificant side effects and a high recurrence rate. Ther...

Hydrogels are commonly used as carriers for cell delivery due to their similarities to the extracellular matrix. A contraction-suppressed full-thickness wound model was used to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Pluronic F127 (PF127) hydrogel loaded with adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (AdSVF), mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSC), and condi...

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has emerged as a cornerstone in veterinary regenerative medicine. The present study evaluated the impact of the operator on the qualitative and quantitative features of non-activated PRP derived from canine whole blood. Blood was collected in anticoagulant acid citrate dextrose from twelve healthy adult dogs and PRP was p...

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative paradigm, promising revolutionary advancements in animal healthcare. Leveraging AI's unparalleled capacity for rapid data analysis significantly enhances diagnostic precision and speed, thereby facilitating informed decision-making by veterinarians. Predictive medicine powered by AI not o...

Introduction Monkeypox (mpox) is an evolving infectious disease caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV). On July 23, 2022, the WHO declared the recent mpox outbreaks a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC), which terminated on May 11, 2023. As of July 11, 2023, 88,288 confirmed cases and 149 deaths have been reported from 112 countr...

Decalcification is crucial in histological processing, particularly for studying mineralized tissues like bone. The choice of decalcification method can significantly impact the quality of histological sections and the preservation of tissue morphology. This study aims to establish a standardized protocol for decalcifying rat calvarial bone using a...

The widespread application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in veterinary regenerative medicine highlights their promising therapeutic potential. However, the lack of standardized characterization and reporting practices across studies poses a significant challenge, compromising the assessment of their safety and efficacy. While criteria establishe...

The 2022 multi-country Monkeypox (Mpox) outbreak has added concerns to scientific research. However, unanswered questions about the disease remain. These unanswered questions lie in different aspects, such as transmission, the affected community, clinical presentations, infection and prevention control and treatment and vaccination. It is imperativ...

This study aimed to assess and manage bacterial contamination in multiple batches of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) cultures derived from rabbit bone marrow. Routine visual inspection and microscopic examination were employed for the detection of the contaminated cultures. The contaminated cultures were cultured on Nutrient agar and multiple isolated...

Background: Stem cell-based therapies display immense potential in regenerative medicine, highlighting the crucial significance of devising efficient delivery methods. This study centers on a pioneering approach that utilizes Pluronic F127 (PF127) as a thermoresponsive and injectable hydrogel designed for the encapsulation of adipose-derived mesenc...

Plant-based functional foods have gained wider attention in current scenario with mung bean harboring several bioactive compounds with promising gut health benefits and pharmacological importance. Consumption of mung bean has a positive impact on beneficial gut microbes and microbial metabolite production. The effects of dietary mung bean on gut mi...

Concerns about an increase in cases during the COVID-19 pandemic have been heightened by the emergence of a new Omicron subvariant XBB.1.5 that joined the previously reported BF.7 as a source of public health concern. COVID-19 cases have been on the rise intermittently throughout the ongoing pandemic, likely because of the continuous introduction o...

Wound healing and skin regeneration involve intricate interactions between various cellular, molecular, and biochemical factors. This narrative review aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the present status of therapeutic strategies for wound healing and skin regeneration. The literature review was performed using the Google Scholar search engin...

Rubus ellipticus is a native plant to India's tropical and subtropical regions and has been used as a traditional medicinal. The aim of study was to identify and evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-arthritis activities of hydroethanolic extract of R. ellipticus leaves (HEERE). The leaves were collected from the Narkanda Valley, India and were shade...

The therapeutic potential of Pluronic F127 (PF127) hydrogel loaded with adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (AdSVF), mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSC), and conditioned media (AdMSC-CM) for repairing full-thickness skin wounds was evaluated using a rabbit model. The rabbits were randomly divided into eight groups with six animals each and treatme...

The provision and planning for healthcare delivery in conflict is a pressing imperative. Healthcare within these environments is naturally complex, given the entanglement of affected populations, militaries and oft-deteriorating public services. The field of digital health, placed at the intersection of healthcare and technology, has the power to r...

Tularemia caused by Gram-negative, coccobacillus bacterium, Francisella tularensis, is a highly infectious zoonotic disease. Human cases have been reported mainly from the United States, Nordic countries like Sweden and Finland, and some European and Asian countries. Naturally, the disease occurs in several vertebrates, particularly lagomorphs. Typ...

The surge in severe neonatal sepsis cases caused by a novel variant of Echovirus 11 (E-11) in France and several European countries has sparked concern. The affected infants, mostly premature and twins, displayed rapid clinical decline within days after birth, presenting symptoms akin to septic shock with hepatic impairment and multi-organ failure....

Aquatic plants have been shown to improve performance when included in bird diets at an early stage, particularly when used to provide a small portion of the total protein needed. Azolla (Azolla pinnata) is a widely distributed heterosporous aquatic fern. Azolla resembles other common ferns, although it is green in colour and appears more like...

Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases (PIDs) are a group of over 400 rare and diverse hereditary disorders that affect the immune system's ability to combat infections. PIDs are caused by genetic mutations and are present from birth, as opposed to secondary immunodeficiency disorders, which are acquired later in life as a result of infections, medicine...

Clinical trials are the essential assessment for safe, reliable, and effective drug development. Data-related limitations, extensive manual efforts, remote patient monitoring, and the complexity of traditional clinical trials on patients drive the = application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in medical and healthcare organisations. For expeditious...

A 7.8-magnitude earthquake in Turkey and Syria, followed by a 7.6-magnitude earthquake, caused over 50 000 deaths and over 100 000 injuries. The immediate physical injuries were severe, but the health repercussions, including the strain on healthcare services and the possibility of disease outbreaks, were equally concerning. Infections due to multi...

About a trillion microbes reside in our body harmoniously in the oral cavity, gut region, and skin etc. maintaining a homeostatic ecosystem, quintessential for the sound health of an individual. Moreover, these microbes are quite abundant in different organs with a lot of diversity and uniqueness attributed to each and every individual. The genome...

The Marburg virus (MARV), a member of the Filovirus family of RNA viruses, causes a severe haemorrhagic fever known as Marburg virus disease (MVD), which can be lethal with casefatality ratio (CFR) of up to 88% in both humans and nonhuman primates. According to the most recent reports, Equatorial Guinea has been infected with an unknown, fatal haem...

Stem cell research has the transformative potential to revolutionize medicine. Language models like ChatGPT, which use artificial intelligence (AI) and natural language processing (NLP), generate human-like text, that can aid researchers. However, it is vital to ensure the accuracy and reliability of AI-generated references. This study assesses Cha...

CAR T-cell (chimeric antigen receptor T-cell) has shown encouraging outcomes in the treatment of several cancers, including mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) that is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) which begins in the lymph nodes. It is distinguished by cyclin D1 protein overexpression caused by a chromosomal translocation between the immunoglob...

One of the major issues impacting the health of the public globally is HIV. Healthcare practitioners are allowed to provide antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens at optimal levels by HIV Antiretroviral Selection and Sequence Tool (HIV-ASSIST) through the integration of the most recent research, treatment recommendations and information that are pat...

Natural products and their derivatives have traditionally been used as a source of therapeutic agents. Their beneficial properties are due to large varieties in their chemical structures and biochemical actions. The discovery of natural products such as phytoconstituents have crucial role in the development of less toxic and more effective drugs. P...

Introduction: Over three years have passed since the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and yet the treatment for long-COVID, a post-COVID-19 syndrome, remains long overdue. Currently, there is no standardized treatment available for long-COVID, primarily due to the lack of funding for post-acute infection syndromes (PAIS). Neverthe...

According to the Food and Agricultural Organization, global poultry output increased from approximately 115 million tons in 2016 to around 136 million tons in 2023. The production of poultry has increased significantly in tandem with the dramatic uptick in meat and egg demand. Feed accounts for between 65 and 70 percent of total production costs, m...

In the last decade, both biochar production and use have seen a surge in popularity. Biochar is comparable to charcoal and activated charcoal in that it is a pyrogenic carbonaceous matter made by pyrolyzing organic carbon-rich materials. There is a lack of research into the effects of adding biochar to animal feed. Based on the reviewed literature,...

Infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms pose significant threats to public health globally. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has further complicated the treatment of these infections, necessitating the exploration of alternative therapeutic strategies. Among these strategies, the use of hydrogels as delivery systems fo...

Cow's milk, urine, dung, ghee, and curd (together known as "Panchgavya") are considered to have incomparable medicinal value in Ayurveda and ancient Indian clinical methods. Panchgavya is also known as Cowpathy in Ayurveda. In India, the cow is revered as a goddess known as "Gaumata" because of its nurturing qualities similar to those of a mother....

Positive results have been seen when bioactive components from herbal plants are added to poultry diets. Efficacy in feeding, digestion of nutrients, antioxidant health, immunological indices, and other factors can all be improved with the help of these additives, which in turn increases growth rates and improves poultry welfare.Several researches...

Stem cell research holds immense promise in regenerative medicine. However, the successful utilization of stem cells relies not only on their inherent properties but also on the appropriate support matrix that provides an optimal environment for growth and differentiation. To enhance the effectiveness of stem cell-based therapies, it is crucial to...

The recent COVID-19 pandemic tested us on our pandemic preparedness protocols and highlighted various administrative shortcomings. The role of social media and news media cannot be understated. Alarmism, hoarding of essential medical and non-medical resources, and racism were among the consequences of the rapid spread of false information. Not only...

Background: Although meningitis is largely preventable, it still causes hundreds of thousands of deaths globally each year. WHO set ambitious goals to reduce meningitis cases by 2030, and assessing trends in the global meningitis burden can help track progress and identify gaps in achieving these goals. Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases...

Lead, a non-essential metal, enters the body in various ways, making it a major public health issue. Painters and smelters report lead poisoning in children and staff. Mining and battery workers risk lead exposure. Traditional and cultural remedies may include dangerous quantities of lead, producing lead poisoning. These drugs must be properly unde...

Before the advent of the era of mobiles, medical technologies were primarily known as classic devices for medical purpose viz., stents, prosthetics, implants etc. The evolution of wearables, sensors along with smart phones and systems of communication has brought revolution in clinical practice with the ability to contain tools of artificial intell...

Background Bovine brucellosis is a highly contagious zoonotic disease that hinders production and is a vital public health concern. Even though brucellosis is one of the important diseases in India, the exact prevalence details of the disease are not known. Objective To derive an estimate of the prevalence of brucellosis in India. Material and Me...

Hepatitis E outbreak has been reported since 2018 in the Bentiu camp, South Sudan. The camp is for the internally displaced persons (IDPs). There is seasonal upsurge especially during the rain every year, when drinking water gets easily contaminated due to flooding. However, outbreaks have occurred during the dry seasons too. The possibility of tra...

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a deadly, fast progressing, and contagious neurodegenerative disorder caused by the build-up of misfolded prion protein in the brain. Since the mid-1990s, when variant CJD (vCJD) first emerged as a disease associated with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) that is a zoonotic disease generally known as "mad cow...

Background: Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, and affects people regardless of country, age group, or sex. Using the most recent evidentiary and analytical framework from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD), we produced location-specific, age-specific, and sex-specific estimat...

It takes over a decade and billions of dollars to bring a new drug to market. These extensive financial and time commitments contribute significantly to the current soaring health care costs and pose substantial barriers to the delivery of innovative medicines to patients. These difficulties may be traced back in large part to the laboratory models...

In the pharmaceutical sector, there is a sudden acceleration in digitalization of data during past few years. This digitalization has arrived with challenges to acquire, scrutinize and apply such particular knowledge for reaching solution of complex clinical problems, which has ultimately motivated applications of artificial intelligence (AI) as it...

Infectious disease surveillance is a crucial part of public health and essential for detecting and stopping disease epidemics. Surveillance systems for infectious diseases are primarily event-based, meaning they are meant to identify increases in either the number of cases caused by the pathogen confirmed by laboratory testing or the number of case...

The COVID-19 disease wreaked havoc all over the world causing more than 6 million deaths out of over 519 million confirmed cases. It not only disturbed the human race health-wise but also caused huge economic losses and social disturbances. The utmost urgency to counter pandemic was to develop effective vaccines as well as treatments that could red...

Background and Aim Students sometimes participate in harmful activities that adversely influence their behaviors and well‐being throughout college, which is one of the sensitive phases in an individual's life. Aim: To assess the health‐related behaviors of university students. Methods A cross‐sectional study that includes systematic randomly selec...

Large volume of patient data (multimodal) is generated by medical care in modern times. Processing and synthesis of such data to actionable knowledge is troublesome for several clinicians. In this regard, there is emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) as an efficacious tool having useful applicability in medical science and the field of hepatol...

Background: The first human monkeypox (MPX) case was identified in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in 1970 with an outbreak in 2010 and the first human MPX case in the UK in 2022. In this study, we conducted a bibliometric analysis of the literature on monkeypox based on the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) of the Institute for Scienti...

Introduction Workers in the healthcare industry form the backbone of health systems everywhere. In the face of global health crises like the current monkeypox (mpox) outbreak, healthcare workers like doctors, dentists, pharmacists, nurses, midwives, paramedics, administrators, support staff, laboratory technicians, and community health workers all...

Pluronic F-127 (PF-127) hydrogel is a versatile biomaterial with promising applications in drug delivery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. PF-127 has antiadhesive activity that prevents bacterial adhesion by creating a hydrated layer on the bacterial surface. This property makes PF-127 suitable for preventing implant-associated infect...

Mycobacterium avium is a zoonotic pathogen associated with a wide range of pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations in a range of host species like humans, animals, and birds. The disease is more common in the avian population, and opportunistic infections have been reported in immune-compromised or debilitated animals and humans. This study rep...

The available antiviral drugs against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are limited. Oral drugs that can be prescribed to non-hospitalized patients are required. The 4′-fluoruridine, a nucleoside analog similar to remdesivir, is one of the promising candidates for COVID-19 oral therapy due to its ability to stall viral RdRp. Available data sugges...

The highly contagious Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 is a recent cause of concern during the COVID-19 pandemic. The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified SARS-CoV-2 variants into variants of concern (VOCs), variants of interest (VOIs), and variants under monitoring (VUMs). VOCs were categorized as Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1...

Global public health is overwhelmed due to the ongoing Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19). As of October 2022, the causative virus SARS-CoV-2 and its multiple variants have infected more than 600 million confirmed cases and nearly 6.5 million fatalities globally. The main objective of this reported study is to understand the COVID-19 infection better...

Across the world, traffic accidents cause major health problems and are of concern to health institutions; nearly 1.35 million people are killed or disabled in traffic accidents every year. In 2019, 93% of road traffic injury‐related mortality occurred in low‐ and middle‐income countries with an estimated burden of 1.3 million deaths. This issue is...

Abstract Background The global research community has made considerable progress in therapeutic and vaccine research during the COVID-19 pandemic. Several therapeutics have been repurposed for the treatment of COVID-19.One such compound is, favipiravir, which was approved for the treatment of influenza viruses, including drug-resistant influenza. D...

Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and subvariants are great concerns for their significant mutations, which are also responsible for vaccine escape. Therefore, the study was undertaken to develop a mutation-proof, next-generation vaccine to protect against all upcoming SARS-CoV-2 variants. We used advanced computational and bioinformatics approaches to...

Objectives Human bocavirus (HBoV), of the genus Bocaparvovirus, is a small, non-enveloped linear single-stranded DNA virus of the Parvoviridae family. The virus is known to cause severe life-threatening respiratory tract infections in pediatric patients. Considering its deleterious impacts on respiratory, gastrointestinal, and hematological health,...

For over five thousand years, people in Asia and Africa have known about the health benefits of camel milk. Thus, it is used not only as a food source, but also as a medicine. The similarities between camel milk and human milk have been scientifically proven. Camel milk is unique among ruminant milk in that it is high in vitamins C and E, and low i...

Milk and milk derivatives are widely consumed because of their high nutritional density. Donkey milk and milk products have been consumed since ancient times. The use of donkey milk in the human diet is gaining popularity. The abundance of antibacterial components and protective elements in donkey milk sets it apart from the milk of other animals....

When it comes to food and fiber production, flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) has been around the longest. Oil makes up over 41% of a flaxseed's total weight, and of that, more than 70% is polyunsaturated. Protein, α-linolenic acid, fiber, flaxseed gum, and other beneficial compounds are abundant in flaxseed meal (FSM). There is as much as 30% crude p...

Viruses in the respiratory tract, including those not on the original test panel, might be detected by measuring CXCL10 protein levels in the sample. Scientists and doctors need to keep an eye out for new, developing variations that might elude existing therapies and catch us off guard, as the recent coronavirus epidemic has revealed. Many methods...

Global health crises such as the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have highlighted the unique value of scientific research in the realm of public health and related disciplines. Although we have witnessed rapid growth in scientific output in the past years, concerns regarding scientific rigor and research integrity also emerged.

The recent spread of the monkeypox virus (MPXV), causing monkeypox (mpox), to non-endemic areas, and the atypical and unusual clinical manifestations observed during its 2022 outbreak has focused international interest on the clinical features of the disease. Mpox is usually a self-limiting disease with mild symptoms with common manifestations, inc...

COVID-19 pandemic has caused over 6.71 million deaths out of 660 million confirmed cases as of January 12, 2023. SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for this worldwide pandemic is a member of the broad family of viruses known as coronaviruses (CoVs). It seems difficult to terminate the present pandemic despite continued vaccination programs and boost...

Tuberculosis (TB), one of the deadliest contagious diseases, is a major concern worldwide. Long-term treatment, a high pill burden, limited compliance, and strict administration schedules are all variables that contribute to the development of MDR and XDR tuberculosis patients. The rise of multidrug-resistant strains and a scarcity of anti-TB medic...

Since its discovery in December 2019, the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused more than 6.88 million deaths and more than 676 million cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide as of 10 March 2023. Face masks, hand washing, proper sanitation, contact tracing, lockdowns, early confirmatory testin...

The World Health Organization (WHO) proclaimed a public health emergency in July 2022 due to the emergence of Mpox (formerly monkeypox) while the globe was still dealing with the COVID-19 epidemic. The characteristics of mpox in immunocompetent individuals are well-characterized, despite difficulties in diagnostics, immunization, and access to trea...

Glycosylation-mediated post-translational modification is critical for regulating many fundamental processes like cell division, differentiation, immune response, and cell-to-cell interaction. Alterations in the N-linked or O-linked glycosylation pattern of regulatory proteins like transcription factors or cellular receptors lead to many diseases,...

Abstract Background The 2022 outbreak of the mpox virus (previously monkeypox virus, MPXV) in non-epidemic regions has created a global issue. The emergence of MPXV was first reported in Europe, which was described as the MPXV epicenter, however, no reports are available to illustrate its outbreak patterns in Europe. Methods The study used numerou...

Mpox (previously known as monkeypox) continues to raise concerns since many cases are still being recorded globally. Various reports have shown changing epidemiology of the disease, together with different atypical clinical characteristics of affected patients. The condition has reportedly been self‐limited since most patients do not usually requir...

Monkeypox (MPX), a rare and neglected disease before the currently ongoing 2022 largest outbreaks, recently declared a global public health emergency by the World Health Organization (WHO), has now spread to 106 countries and territories with 65,415 confirmed cases and 26 deaths recorded. MPX symptoms include severe headaches, fever, back pain, les...

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread across the globe producing hundreds of thousands of deaths, shutting down economies, closing borders and causing havoc on an unprecedented scale. Its potent effects have earned the attention of researchers in different fields worldwide. Among them, authors from different countries have published numero...