Kshama Gupta

Indian Space Research Organization | ISRO · Department of Urban and Regional Studies

The availability of Very High-Resolution (VHR) remote sensing datasets from the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) based sensors are changing the methods of cartographic mapping as well as visualization by taking advantage of both the high spatial resolution as well as high radiometric resolutions. A high-fidelity digital elevation model (DEM) can be pr...

The current study highlights the importance of a detailed representation of urban processes in a numerical weather prediction model and emphasizes the need for accurate urban morphology data for improving the near-surface weather prediction over Delhi, a tropical Indian city. The Met Office Reading Urban Surface Exchange Scheme (MORUSES), a two-til...

The urban canopy comprises of myriad surfaces and forms arranged in complex 3D configurations. Urban Canopy Parameters (UCPs) or morphological parameters are 2D and 3D urban built form parameters which have direct as well as indirect bearing on urban microclimate . They define the heterogeneity of urban built form by characterizing the change in...

In a natural landscape, when rainfall reaches the Earth’s surface, water either percolates into the ground or it flows as run-off finally reaching a water body such as a lake or a river. Due to rapid urbanization, the natural landcover in the cities is being replaced with impervious surfaces which significantly alters the natural patterns and proce...

National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF) is working on Weather and Climate Science for Service Partnership India (WCSSP project) with an aim to improve the urban representation in the UK Metoffice, UM regional model. Currently UM model uses urban 1 tile scheme operationally and it got replaced by Met Office Reading Urban Exc...

Paucity of information on Urban Canopy Parameters (UCPs) is considered as one of the major reason behind limited urban climate research and modelling in developing region of Asia, Africa, and Latin America. UCPs define those characteristics of urban built form which have direct or indirect influence on urban climate. Most of the studies in develope...

One of the important and high-level detailing contained within basemaps is the ‘building feature’. Though pre-trained Deep Learning (DL) models are available for Building Feature Extraction (BFE), they are not efficient in predicting the buildings in other locations. This study explores the need and the major issue of implementing DL models for BFE...

Fog formation is a quite common phenomenon in the Indo- Gangetic plains of India during the winter season. It generally starts from the November and continues till February having maximum frequency and intensity in the month of December and January. It results in the low visibility which causes disruption in the aviation services, difficulty in tra...

Identification of most appropriate land use for a given area is an important and inevitable task for urban planners. Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS)-based Multi Criteria Evaluation approaches for land suitability analysis has empowered urban planners with effective decision support tools. However, earlier studies have al...

Identification of most appropriate land use for a given area is an important and inevitable task for urban planners. Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS)-based Multi Criteria Evaluation approaches for land suitability analysis has empowered urban planners with effective decision support tools. However, earlier studies have al...

Air Quality Index of Delhi dipped overnight on 30 October 2019, climbed upto the dangerous category and red alert alarmed. Now, this has become recurring phenomena every year spanning from last week of October to mid of November. Delhi air quality has radically turned bad to worse with in the span of less than a decade. It raises serious concerns f...

Urban Heat Island (UHI) is defined as increased surface and air temperatures of urban areas as compared to rural surroundings. Thermal remote sensing data have been used extensively to study Surface Urban Heat Island Intensities (SUHII). However, it fails to provide information on diurnal profile of UHI as well as information on Canopy Layer Urban...

The increasing frequency of heat waves (HW) in many parts of the world is emerging as one of the climatic vulnerabilities across the world resulting in elevated thermal stress and high mortality. With increase in HW intensity, frequency and duration at global level, India has seen several major HW events in the last decade. HW conditions have mostl...

This paper proposes a framework for land-use land cover (LULC) simulation for urban growth estimation. The framework couples Cellular Automata Markov (CAM) and agent-based modeling (ABM) to explore the impact of socioeconomic factors, spatial neighborhoods, stakeholder choices, and development plans on LULC. The approach applies CA model to examine...

This paper proposes a framework for land-use land cover (LULC) simulation for urban growth estimation. The framework couples Cellular Automata Markov (CAM) and agent-based modeling (ABM) to explore the impact of socioeconomic factors, spatial neighborhoods, stakeholder choices, and development plans on LULC. The approach applies CA model to examine...

Large-scale maps are a prerequisite for sustainable management of urban areas for which very high-resolution satellite (VHRS) imagery can be effectively utilized. PAN sharpened (merged) orthorectified product of Cartosat–2E satellite launched by ISRO (0.6 m spatial resolution) has been evaluated for 1:4000 scale mapping in Dehradun and Rishikesh, I...

Urban flooding and waterlogging are causing menace in many cities around the world from the perspective of day-to-day functioning, health and hygiene, communication, and the consequent damages they cause to urban environment. The present study is an attempt to understand the urban flood risks in parts of Bhubaneswar City, India, based on its hydrod...

Heat Waves (HW) is one of the extreme weather events affecting human mortality in many parts of the world. Lack of spatial variability in ground based observations makes this data inadequate to study local scale HW conditions. Hence, in this study, large volume of analysis ready data of MODIS LST available on open source platform of Google Earth En...

Changes in Land Use Land Cover (LULC) in the Doon valley of Uttarakhand, India situated between Himalaya in the North and Shivalik range in the south lead to changes in the land surface properties in the region. The LULC changes also influenced the dominant land cover characteristics which has a significant influence on Land Surface Temperature (LS...

Complexity and heterogeneity of urban areas lead to difficulty in urban weather simulations and climate modeling. Diversity and size of urban areas necessitate to downscale global climate models to urban scale (* hundreds of meters) and to enhance urban parameterization in the models to realistically simulate urban weather conditions. Hence, in thi...

A heat wave is a short-term phenomenon. Severe heat waves have a negative impact on human health, increases the mortality rate (more in children and older age groups), water resources, agriculture etc. Therefore, it is important to study heat wave events, so that an adequate warning system can be introduced for the safety of common people. Currentl...

Digital Elevation Model (DEM) represents the altitude of reflective surfaces of earth surface features. SAR interferometry and Photogrammetric techniques are few of the techniques, which has been widely utilised to generate global DEMs. They are broadly used as a vital geospatial information sources for various geographic and multi criterion analys...

Urban Green Spaces (UGS) are an integral part of urban environment and act as lungs for rejuvenating the urban environment and improving the quality of life and health of residents. UGS assist in regulating urban microclimate, biodiversity conservation, alleviating floods, enhancing air quality, and also promotes physical and mental wellbeing of ur...

The urban settlements in Northwest Himalaya (NWH) are experiencing a rapid pace of urbanization. However, this development is rather skewed in nature. The hilly regions of NWH are experiencing a negligible growth in their population, whereas the population pressure is rising in urban settlements at foothills. One of the primary reasons is the lack...

An urban area is a complex ensemble of interrelated and entangled socio-economic, spatial and environmental processes. The irreversible demographic changes being witnessed in an urban set-up pose threat to the rapidly depleting resources. Therefore, the study of urban footprints and the services with associated infrastructure is a subject that intr...

Urban areas are treated as a single entity by mesoscale urban canopy models (UCM) for assessing the influence of urban morphology on climate. Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) coupled with UCM along with urban physics options to describe the urban features such as Single Layer Urban Canopy Model (SLUCM), Building Energy Parameterization...

In all mesoscale models with urban parameterizations, urban area represented as a single entity to represent the influence of urban morphology. In the last few years, many Urban Canopy Models (UCM) have been developed by many researchers to model the urban energy fluxes, but their spatial resolution is too coarse. These models proves to be a hindra...

Abstract Urban climate studies crucially depend on various urban morphological parameters. The availability of these parameters assists in understanding wind flow inside urban areas, Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon and also aids in estimation of anthropogenic heat in Numerical Weather Prediction models for improved forecast. Of the two approache...

Modelling of urban atmosphere utilizing Global Climate Models (GCM) coupled with Urban Canopy Model (UCM) exhibits urban region as a single element to exemplify the impact of urban geometry. In spite of the fact that these climate models have enhanced the portrayal of urban surfaces, however their spatial resolution is excessively coarse. Hence dow...

The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model is a numerical weather prediction (NWP) system designed to serve both atmospheric research and operational forecasting needs. These climate models portrays the urban areas as single entity as urban built- up. However, urban areas are quite heterogeneous in nature and their response as well as impact...

Urban climate refers to climatic conditions in an urban area that differ from neighbouring rural areas, and are attributable to urban development. Temperatures are higher in cities than the surrounding rural areas—which is popularly manifested as Urban Heat Island (UHI). Urban climate is an effective issue on the local and global climates which is...

Growing urbanization in horizontal as well as vertical direction demands modeling and monitoring of urban areas in 2D as well as 3D domain. Although, LiDAR and Airborne image data are considered as one of the best data for extraction of 3D models of urban areas, but they have limited availability. On the other hand, increasing availability of sub-m...

Growing urbanization in horizontal as well as vertical direction demands modeling and monitoring of urban areas in 2D as well as 3D domain. Although, LiDAR and Airborne image data are considered as one of the best data for extraction of 3D models of urban areas, but they have limited availability. On the other hand, increasing availability of sub-m...

Civil Engineering is one of the oldest and important branches of engineering, comprises of many sub-divisions such as surveying (topographic/cadastral/natural resources etc.), construction (urban/rural/municipal infrastructure/materials etc.), transportation (roads/bridges/traffic etc.), water resources (water supply/treatment/ canals/dams/storm/se...

In the recent past, an overwhelming growth in geo-enabled open source data and tools through web services and data repositories is witnessed. Internet technology has significantly enhanced the utility of geo-enabled data and applications by making them more accessible to a wider range of users, planners and decision makers through geoportals, mobil...

Corresponding Author Modelling of urban climate using coupled Global Climate Models (GCM) with urban canopy model treats urban area as a single entity to represent the influence of urban geometry. Although these climate models have improved the representation of urban surfaces, but their spatial resolution is too coarse. Hence downscaling is of pri...

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Preservation and sustainable management of cultural heritage and regeneration of urban core areas is one of the key factors for economic progress and development of any country. India is a country rich with urban heritage. Besides, many of the Indian cities are extension of old cities, generally known as urban cores, which are slowly transforming i...

Growing urban population is rapidly changing the roughness of today’s cities and greatly influencing the urban climate. Two methods of roughness estimation, micrometeorological and morphometric methods are used by researchers. Micrometeorological methods require extensive setup of filed instruments which is costly and quite unfeasible in urban area...

In India the pollution records are generally available at city level and their spatial distribution is not available at intra-city level. Hence, it doesn’t give the intensity as to which area in the city is more polluted than the others. This study tries to estimate CO2 emissions at ward level due to Private vehicular traffic by applying Geographic...

Cartosat-1 stereo image had been used for 3D city modeling of four sites of Delhi using procedural rule based modeling and heights measurements from Cartosat-1 Stereo model in 3D environment. The procedural rule based modeling approach is found to be appropriate for generating the LOD 1 and LOD 2 level 3D mass models. It has been observed that Cart...

Urban green spaces (UGS) are one of the indispensable elements for design and development of cities. UGS are considered as “lung” of cities as well as one of the elements reflecting the quality of life. The aim of this research is to develop Weighted Urban Green Space Index (WUGSI) for assessment of city wide UGS based on multi criteria analysis of...

Navi Mumbai, a counter magnet across the Thane creek was established in the early seventies to decongest Mumbai after the land acquisition in 95 villages. Regional Park Zone (RPZ) pockets within Navi Mumbai, kept unacquired to preserve dense tree cover and hill tracts. However, over the years, there is increasing unauthorized development, illegal t...

Abstract Cartosat-1 stereo image had been used for 3D city modeling of four sites of Delhi using procedural rule based modeling and heights measurements from Cartosat-1 Stereo model in 3D environment. The procedural rule based modeling approach is found to be appropriate for generating the LOD 1 and LOD 2 level 3D mass models. It has been observed...

Anthropogenic developments such as construction of buildings, highways, parking lots, driveways and streets are the major consequences of population and urbanization. These developments lead towards to drastic change in the urban roughness that in turn affects the urban climate and urban wind flow pattern. In this study, the open source numerical w...

Urban green spaces (UGS) are one of the indispensable elements for design and development of cities. UGS are considered as “lung” of cities as well as one of the elements reflecting the quality of life. The aim of this research is to develop Weighted Urban Green Space Index (WUGSI) for assessment of city wide UGS based on multi criteria analysis of...

- The high resolution satellite images assumes a lot of significance to meet effective visualization and analysis capabilities as well as demonstrating the great potentiality of the 3-D city modeling methods. In this paper focus of work was for the improvement of technique based on automation to save time and minimize costs. Due to the particularit...

Geospatial technology has widespread usage in development planning and resource management. It offers pragmatic tools to help urban and regional planners to realize their goals. On the request of Ministry of Urban Development, Govt. of India, the Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS), Dehradun has taken an initiative to study the model syllabi...

Uttarakhand State of India suffered a widespread devastation in June 2013 due to floods caused by excessive rain in the upper reaches of the Himalaya, glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) and landslides. Restoration process in this mountainous State calls for scientifically sound planning so that the vulnerabilities and risks to such natural hazards...

The present era can be better known as era of urbanization as day by day more population is concentrating in urban areas. Dehradun urban area has become a regional service centre for entire region after becoming the capital of Uttarakhand state in 1999, contributing very high rate of urban growth. For a resource and urban planner, it is important t...

Urban green spaces (UGS) form an integral part of any urban area and quantity and quality of UGS is of prime concern for planners and city administrators. Objective measure of greenness using remote sensing images is percentage area of green, i.e., Green Index (GI), which is insensitive to spatial arrangement within the areal units. Measuring UGS a...

The study attempts to assess functionality of public green spaces in four wards of East Delhi district of Delhi NCT, named Krishna nagar, Jagatpuri, Preetvihar and Vishwas nagar. Total area of these wards is 17.947 Km2 Total population of this region is 35 2001. These four wards were chosen with respect to availability of data and heterogeneous dev...

In this study, an attempt has been made to evaluate the information content available in IRS P6 LISS IV data for the identification of urban features and u rban mapping. Level-III of the urban land use classification at the scale of 1 : 10,000 was successfully attempted for Dehradun city and its environs. A qual itative and quantitative evaluation...