Krzysztof Sliwinski

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• Doctor of Philosophy
• Professor (Associate) at Hong Kong Baptist University

Policy and research on European cyber-security remains formative compared to leaders in the field like China and the United States. This article evaluates the European Union (EU) as a cyber-security actor, asking fundamental questions concerning the EU's combination of prominence and obscurity, especially its limitations and prospects. Who and what...

This paper draws on the ‘securitization’ thesis with regard to immigration policy of the European Union and its members. Contrary to existing literature, it is claimed that the current immigration crisis that the European Union faces is driven by an opposite dynamic, which produces ‘a-securitization’ – a phenomenon defined, in this paper, as a cond...

This paper departs from an assumption derived from Liberal Intergovernmentalism theory: Germany is a de facto leader of European integration processes and the European Union as an institution. The first part of the analysis explores priorities and their corresponding challenges for the new German CDU-led cabinet. It examines issues around the ongo...

This analysis focuses on possible short and medium-term effects of Trump's election as the 47th President of the United States. This paper starts with an introduction to geopolitics and a short overview of American Presidential administrations since the end of the Cold War. It then continues with a brief account of Trump's first presidency and the...

This paper departs from an assumption that the EU is an outstanding example of liberal institutionalism. It has been very successful in providing lasting peace for Europeans who are now facing a series of existential challenges. The central hypothesis of this paper is that if these challenges are not addressed effectively, the EU may not survive i...

This short analysis is based on the Security Complex theorem. Its departure point is the definition of the term, as introduced by Barry Buzan and Ole Wæver. The author then briefly introduces the historical background of the Caucasus countries (Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia) and their relationships with Russia and suggests further readings for...

This analysis focuses on possible short and medium-term effects of Trump’s election as the 47th President of the United States. This paper starts with a brief account of Trump’s first presidency and then continues to account for major challenges that Trump’s administration will have to face domestically, The central part of the analysis focuses on...

This paper starts with an assumption that Geopolitics, understood as one of the great schools of International Relations, is not only still relevant but, indeed, should be one of the essential items in the toolkit of any student or policymaker who peruses the challenging and ever eluding realm of international security. It draws chiefly on the Hea...

This paper draws on rapidly emerging literature on the role of artificial intelligence in military conflicts and warfare as well as its implications for international security. It departs from an assumption that the emerging technology will have a deterministic and potentially transformative influence on military power. This project intends to asc...

This paper starts with an assumption that Geopolitics, understood as one of the great schools of International Relations, is not only still relevant but, indeed, should be one of the essential items in the toolkit of any student or policymaker who peruses the challenging and ever eluding realm of international security. It draws chiefly on the Hea...

Governments across the world resorted to different forms of narratives and measures to manage the COVID-19 pandemic. This study observed the responses of six administrations (China, Sweden, UK, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and New Zealand) through the lenses of the securitization theory as complemented with tailor-made methodological tools. Introducing the c...

The European Union is one of the most important economic actors in international economics and traditionally the most significant humanitarian aid donor towards the countries of the so-called Global South (GS). Given its historical links (European colonialism), the EU maintains unique economic relations with many of the members of the GS under the...

Governments across the world resorted to different forms of narratives and measures to manage the COVID-19 pandemic. This study observed the responses of six administrations (China, Sweden, UK, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and New Zealand) through the lenses of the securitization theory as complemented with tailor-made methodological tools. Introducing the c...

The aim of the article is to theorise on the role of principles as important variables influencing European politics. Recent European-related events, including but not limited to the immigration crisis, international economic and political competition on a global scale (as well as relations with third parties such as Russia and the United States),...

Three preoccupations of states are intricately intertwined within the realm of international relations as pertaining to the relative positions, interactions, and capabilities of state actors (and, to an extent, non-state actors as well). Security, as most scholars would agree, is perhaps the most critical goal for states, and energy acquisition pla...

For some time now, space has been crucial to human activity. Our societies are almost entirely dependent on space systems for all kinds of technologies, from GPS to the ATM, from phone calls to gas pipelines. As Massimo Pellegrino and Gerald Stang observe in their report published by the European Union Institute for Security Studies (Space Security...

This paper looks at European integration and specifi cally at its institutional form – the European Union from an ideological perspective. The author claims that ‘Europeanism’ has become a new ideology shared among intellectual, political, judicatory, societal, and even dominant economic elites that influence or shape the European Union as an insti...

This paper looks at European integration and specifically at its institutional form – the European Union from an ideological perspective. The author claims that ‘Europeanism’ has become a new ideology shared among intellectual, political, judicatory, societal, and even dominant economic elites that influence or shape the European Union as an institut...

The most significant challenges have been the financial crisis of 2008 and its economic consequences, the European Central Bank (ECB) policies towards Italy and Greece, the European Commission's criticism of Poland and Hungary in the context of the rule of law or the immigration crisis of 2015, and finally, relations with Russia vis-à-vis energy se...

Simulations have become a regular component of teaching toolkits. They provide teachers with a platform to take students’ knowledge and understanding of subject materials beyond the classroom. In doing so, simulations fulfill a critical pedagogical purpose in that they need to construct a learning space; one more efficacious in delivering learning...

The recent wave of civil unrest in Hong Kong that commenced in June 2019 needs to be analyzed in light of a host of national security issues raised by the central government in Beijing. These concerns highlight ongoing tensions between the People’s Republic of China and the United States, while at the same time directing attention to continuities b...

Hong Kong society has long been known as an outstanding example of a law-abiding community, proud of its rule of law and generally displaying considerable lack of interest in politics. How is it possible then that first time in the history of HKSAR major streets were blocked for so long by so many ordinary citizens? How could this usually benign an...

This short paper puts the case of Brexit in the context of academic debate regarding the nature of European integration and the future of the European Union. In doing so, it revisits in its first part three major theories of European integration, namely: Intergovernmentalism, Liberal Intergovernmentalism and Supranationalism. The second part...

This paper re-examines the Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA) with regards to the security of energy relations between Germany and Russia, understood as specific foreign policy actions—that is, “products” of foreign policy decisions. It attempts to explain why Germany consistently sought better relations with Russia, partially with the aim of securing e...

This paper looks at the European integration project in its current iteration drawing on Karl Polanyi’s assertion that markets are inseparable from the socio-cultural context. In this regard, all attempts to liberalize the economy (not excluding European integration, which is based on the principle of the single market) have practical and indeed ta...

This paper reexamines the Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA) with regard to recent developments concerning Nord Stream 1 (NS1) and Nord Stream 2 (NS2). Both of these projects are understood as specific foreign policy actions – “products” of foreign policy decisions. Drawing on Walter Carlsnaes’s identified lack of integrative and dynamic models that wo...

Most academics and policy makers agree upon irreversible phenomena affecting planet Earth’s climate – we have finally faced a climate disruption. As triggered by humans, environmental degradation ultimately threatens not only the security but even the survival of individuals, communities, states and perhaps even the international system as a whole....

Hong Kong society has long been known as an outstanding example of a law-abiding community, proud of its rule of law and generally displaying considerable lack of interest in politics. How is it possible then that first time in the history of HKSAR major streets were blocked for so long by so many ordinary citizens? How could this usually benign an...

Most academics and policy makers agree upon irreversible phenomena affecting planet earth’s climate – we have finally faced climate disruption. As triggered by humans, environmental degradation ultimately threatens not only security but even survival of the individuals, communities, states and perhaps even international system as a whole. This pape...

Most academics and policy makers agree upon irreversible phenomena affecting planet Earth's climate-we have finally faced a climate disruption. As triggered by humans, environmental degradation ultimately threatens not only the security but even the survival of individuals, communities, states and perhaps even the international system as a whole. T...

Security studies have been reconceptualised over the past three decades. One of the major features of this process is a shift from state-centred thinking about national security to individual/society-based notions of human security. At the same time, the latest technological developments have brought new threats to both national and individual secu...

This article addresses the relationship between the character of political regimes and security in East and Southeast Asia. In doing so, it draws on the insights of both regional security complex and liberal peace theories. The analysis of democratization processes is therefore juxtaposed with the general underdevelopment of democracy in the region...

This article investigates the challenges and limitations of an emerging European cyber security posture. that adopts a framework that rests on identifying four distinct forms of cyber power: compulsory, institutional, structural and productive. The findings indicate that to be effective, the EU’s strategic approach must strike the right balance be...

Since the end of the Cold War, there has been a revival of interest among the scholar community in ideational factors and their role in International Relations. In that context culture in general and religion, in particular, became the objects of thorough analysis by political scientists. This paper begins with a general reference to the latest dev...

This article examines fundamental dilemmas concerning contemporary Polish Security Policy. Firstly, it addresses the question of the US missile defense complex and its place in Polish politics. Secondly, it employs Foreign Policy Analysis tools with special attention to the agency-structure nexus. Specifically, it analyzes three distinct dimensions...

The global war on terror and 9/11 have brought to our attention the perpetual problem of freedom versus security. The more governments strive to provide security, the more they tend to curb the freedoms of their citizens. ‘Stop and search’ procedures, 28-day detentions of terrorist suspects without charge or new body scanners at the airports are ju...

This paper emphasizes the pertinence of the British government's claim that nuclear deterrent threats are still relevant in the four broad areas to which it addresses: deterrence against aggression towards British/NATO vital interests or nuclear coercion/ blackmail by major powers with large nuclear arsenals; deterrence against nuclear coercion or...

Jean Monnet, the great visionary, one of the fathers of European integration strongly advocated federal cooperation as means of achieving peace and stability in Western Europe. French General Charles de Gaulle, supporting the idea of a European confederation, opposed Monnet's’ standpoint. The battle between the two visions embodied in the principle...