Kristopher Michael Goodrich

University of New Mexico | UNM · College of Education

The study of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) has consistently demonstrated a strong relationship with poor behavioral health outcomes. Further research is needed to understand if a specific ACE, or subcategorizations of ACEs, matter more for behavioral health outcomes. A study of the association between ACEs and problem gambling involving a ra...

The authors propose the integrated supervision framework (ISF) as a second-generation supervision model which synthesizes the discrimination model and ecological theory as an integrative, ecological, culturally responsive, and concordant framework for clinical supervision. The ISF was developed to intentionally fill identified gaps in the practice...

Experiences of 17 school counselor educators who integrated LGBTQI+ issues in their school counseling curricula were explored. This consensual qualitative research study resulted in four categories: turning points, professional reasons to integrate, school counseling andragogy, and integration and balance of knowledge/skills/awareness. Implications...

“As a specialty journal focused on group work, we are invested in securing rigorous articles that can inform the science and practice of group work. Although each of our submission categories reflect the scientist-practitioner model in some way, the category that most directly reflects this mission is the “Practice” category.” This manuscripts prov...

This article describes the initial validation of the Corrective Feedback Acceptance and Synthesis in Supervision Scale (CFASS), with results supporting a brief five-item single factor instrument. The CFASS is intended to be a measure of supervisees’ perceptions upon receipt of corrective feedback that may lead to subsequent supervisory behavior. A...

The Standards of Care for Assessment in Group Work represent a collaborative effort between the Association for Assessment and Research in Counseling (AARC) and the Associaton for Specialists in Group Work (ASGW). The purpose of these standards is to address the distinctive aspects of group work assessment that group workers often overlook and may...

Cass's (1979) model of homosexual identity formation has been used as a guideline to understand sexual identity development, although questions of its current applicability have been raised. This article critically analyzes Cass's model through a contemporary lens. To contextualize and understand the model and its implications, we review empirical...

This study explored the experiences of counselling students engaged in an online sexuality course to better understand how to prepare multiculturally competent future clinicians. A phenomenological approach was adopted which reports on findings from 5 student participants enrolled in an online class. Data for the study were collected through course...

The Standards of Care for Assessment in Group Work represent a collaborative effort between the Association for Assessment and Research in Counseling (AARC) and the Association for Specialists in Group Work (ASGW). The purpose of these standards is to address the distinctive aspects of group work assessment that group workers often overlook and may...

The Standards of Care for Research in Group Work were developed in partnership between the Association for Assessment in Research in Counseling (AARC) and the Association for Specialists in Group Work (ASGW). The purpose of these standards is to highlight empirically validated and literature-supported practices for conducting research in group work...

The Standards of Care for Research in Group Work were developed in partnership between the Association for Assessment in Research in Counseling (AARC) and the Association for Specialists in Group Work (ASGW). The purpose of these standards is to highlight empirically validated and literature-supported practices for conducting research in group work...

The current study examined multiple factors in predicting whether preservice teachers felt self-efficacious for instructing lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (LGBTQ) students. Among the predictive factors, heterosexist beliefs had the strongest relationship with self-efficacy for teaching LGBTQ students, with participants who rep...

Amid evolving needs of students and institutions comes a logical investigation of innovative ways to provide advanced level students with affordable and flexible education. The introduction of COVID-19 has changed the ways in which we have considered the delivery of graduate education. Graduate students with full-time jobs, families, and other obli...

This article reviews the current empirical literature regarding telemental health counseling. It highlights what is currently known in the field, as well as areas in which there are several questions left unanswered. Evidence in the areas of online support groups, text-based counseling, video-conferencing and mixed modalities are reviewed and discu...

Technology plays an increasingly important role in the lives of students and other education stakeholders. Professional school counselors (PSCs), however, have only tentatively begun to integrate digital tools into their professional work. Given the extensive information and considerations posited by technology and its role in students’ lives, the...

The authors conducted a preliminary validation of the Feelings Experienced in Supervision Scale (FESS), with findings supporting a single‐factor instrument. Relationships between the FESS and attachment patterns, cognitive distortions, and difficulty with corrective feedback are reported. Implications include emotion‐focused supervision to identify...

The current study explored whether exposure to mental health professions through college-level coursework or as a client influenced participants’ knowledge of mental health professions. Results showed experience with college-level mental health coursework did not predict a change in knowledge of mental health counselors, but direct exposure to ment...

The authors report on the findings of case study research, using phenomenological analysis, of eight counseling professionals interviewed in a Western state about the experiences of counseling leadership related to a state counseling association. Participants reported their experiences in leadership in three broad ways: professional identity develo...

Dr. Janine M. Bernard is a notable Counselor Educator, whose career has spanned more than four decades. Through her Discrimination Model and subsequent scholarship in supervision, Bernard has profoundly influenced the interdisciplinary training, practice, and ongoing professional development of supervisors across counseling and its sister mental he...

This manuscript explores an interdisciplinary ecological framework to more effectively address LGBTQ interpersonal violence in schools. Specifically, authors utilize ecological systems theory, as well as social goals, to better understand points of intervention across contexts such as community, school, and Internet settings. An illustrative exampl...

This article reports a Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR) analysis of the experiences of 12 participants who identified as LGB and received counseling that addressed religious/spiritual foci. Participants identified two primary and intersecting themes including an increased sense of agency and locus of control, as well as increased cognitive fle...

The authors critically analyzed D’Augelli’s model of LGB identity development, a common identity development model used in counselor and higher education as well as multicultural training, using a postmodern lens. An anecdotal review will be supported by empirical evidence to identify controversies encompassing D’Augelli’s theory. Additionally, thi...

Among a sample of counseling students, results from hierarchical regression and mediation analyses indicated that attachment anxiety led to an increase in use of cognitive distortions, contributing to increased difficulty with corrective feedback during clinical supervision. Findings implicate a need for awareness of attachment patterns among train...

This article describes a qualitative project, utilizing a narratology approach, to explore the experiences of five participants identified as belonging to two distinct families whose son and daughter identified as gay and bisexual (GB). Respondents in this study included the GB-identified son and daughter and their parents, to explore the impact of...

Despite greater social acceptance of individuals with diverse sexual identities across the world, queer students still experience greater bullying, poorer academic motivation, and lower school attendance than heterosexual students. Educational psychology could provide additional insight toward these experiences for queer students in school, but the...

For more than two decades, there has been a concerted effort in Albuquerque Public School District (APS) in Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA to educate adults about LGBTQ students and the need for advocacy so that these students have the same access to education as other students in a safe and respectful environment. Populations within the district tha...

An experimental design examining the efficacy of online suicide assessment training with counselor trainees was implemented to assess influence on a variety of related skills. Results from 2-factor mixed analyses of variance, Mann–Whitney U tests, and Wilcoxon signed rank tests partially supported the effectiveness of this method for improving suic...

LGBT Families, by Nancy J. Mezey. Los Angeles, CA: Sage, 2015. 213 pp., $31.98 (paperback).

Ms. Barnard is faced with a complex dilemma. The district administrator in charge of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) initiatives and support was presented with a case of a transgender student who wished to attend an overnight field trip and share a room with other students based on her gender identity. Although the district had made...

The following standards of care have been developed to support the continued development of research with individuals who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, plus individuals whose orientations differ from those who identify as heterosexual and cisgender (LGBTQ+). The guidelines presented are conceived as a working document that...

A Joint Task Force comprised of members of the Association for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Issues in Counseling (ALGBTIC) and the Association for Assessment and Research in Counseling (AARC) present standards of care for assessment of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Gender Expansive, and Queer/Questioning (LGBTGEQ+) Persons.

This mixed methods, explanatory sequential design study explored changes over time in participants who were taking part in an experiential training intervention focused on school counseling trainees’ knowledge, awareness, and skills in working with P–12 lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (LGBTQ) student populations. Results indica...

LGBTQI+ youth face an identity struggle that is dissimilar to their heterosexual and/or cisgender peers. While family and community acceptance impacts the process of understanding one's own affectional orientation and/or gender identity, all LGBTQI+ persons typically engage in a process of understanding and eventually accepting their affectional an...

The variant developmental experiences that impact a child's physical and mental health are explored within this chapter. The authors present a case study of a youth with gender and affectional orientation variance. A brief review of typical child development theories with a whole-child perspective is presented. Authors then apply the developmental...

LGBTQI+ youth grow up with significantly more risk of marginalization, bullying, abuse, and discrimination. These threats to resilience and well-being are understood as heightened minority stress and pose serious risks to a child's physical and mental health. Keys to establishing resiliency are reviewed, including fostering family, school, and comm...

Authors review the current state of Evidence Based Practice (EBP) for counseling LGBTQI+ clients. Although there is an identified need for more research in this area, the research supports a general affirmative approach. Strategies for building rapport, assessment, and interventions are reviewed. Specific attention is given to the importance of cul...

This article provides a primer for researchers exploring ethical issues in the research of group work. The article begins with an exploration of relevant ethical issues through the research process and current standards guiding its practice. Next, the authors identify resources that group work researchers can consult prior to constructing their stu...

This study surveyed a national sample of school counselors who were members of ASCA to understand what motivated their work, or not, with lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, questioning, and intersex (LGBTQQI) students in school. The author implemented Q methodology to collect and analyze the data, and results provide scholars and professi...

This cross-sectional study explored 897 participants’ decision making in response to a school counseling case containing an ethical dilemma and compared respondents’ approach to the variables included in the Intercultural Model of Ethical Decision Making (IMED). Although 60% of participants identified that the school counselor’s beliefs could influ...

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, questioning, intersex, asexual, and ally (LGBTQQIAA) students are not commonly discussed in teacher education programs. Issues related to LGBTQQIAA learners need to be addressed in schools and in teacher education programs. Extant research shows that LGBTQQIAA students often face hostile school climates,...

Queer theory is a postmodern critical theory that grew out of the women’s, gay, and queer studies’ movements of the 1990s. As a critical theory, queer theory explores the disconnect between biological sex, gender, desire, identity, and culture, and how the discrepancies between each can speak to the multiple forms of reality present within the worl...

The development of critical consciousness (CC) has been theorized to be an essential prerequisite for individual and collective action toward changing inequitable social conditions. However, empirically supported instruments intended to measure this important construct have only recently been introduced to the literature. The purpose of this projec...

The authors describe ethnographic research exploring the experiences of school stakeholders at a lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, questioning, and intersex (LGBTQQI)–identified charter school. Participants evidenced use of an overt and covert narrative that appeared to reflect how they navigated the complexities at the LGBTQQI-identified...

The development of critical consciousness (CC) has been theorized to be an essential prerequisite for individual and collective action toward changing inequitable social conditions. However, empirically supported instruments intended to measure this important construct have only recently been introduced to the literature. The purpose of this projec...

Be purpose of this study was to describe the demographic identity of a national sample of professional school counselors who were members of the American School Counselor Association (ASCA), understand the manner in which they conceptualized their professional peer membership, and explore what sources they use to make professional and ethical decis...

Although religious and spiritual issues have emerged as areas of focus in counseling, very few scholars have explored the meaning and experiences of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) clients' who addressed their sexual and religious/spiritual identities in counseling. Using consensual qualitative research (CQR; Hill, 2012), the current study explore...

This unique resource provides strengths-based, group counseling strategies designed to meet the needs of LGBTQI clients in a variety of settings. Drs. Goodrich and Luke capture the developmental concerns of LGBTQI individuals throughout the life cycle as they establish and maintain intimate relationships, create families, encounter career concerns,...

Within the LGBTQI community, grief and loss can take on additional dimensions compared with their heterosexual or cisgender peers. There are a number of potential losses, or areas for grief, that LGBTQI persons might face across the life span. The interventions presented in this chapter provide some structured exercises that group counselors can im...

Alcohol and drug use or abuse are significant concerns within the LGBTQI population. The techniques and interventions that follow in this chapter assist group counselors to assist LGBTQI persons struggling with addictions. Many interventions used in typical treatment groups could easily lend themselves to work with the LGBTQI community; however, sp...

Counseling persons of the same gender can bring with it interesting opportunities and challenges for any group leader. This chapter explores the types and varieties of same gender adult groups for LGBTQI persons. It discusses same gender groups for adult lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) persons. Same gender adult groups could assist clients as they...

This chapter introduces readers to a variety of group factors and planning issues that might present with LGBTQI clients. Prior to the start of any group, the group facilitator must first engage in a planning and recruitment process for members. Persons who are questioning their affectual orientation might be inappropriate for groups with persons w...

This chapter reviews the ally development literature and discusses how group counseling can serve as one means to increase the knowledge, awareness, and skills necessary for ally development. It describes three interventions that can be used by group counselors within their work with LGBTQI allies. The first intervention (how much gender can't we s...

Child and adolescent clients are often considered mandated, as they are most typically referred by and brought to group counseling by a parent, caregiver, or other adult. The techniques and interventions that follow in this chapter draw from creative arts and expressive modalities, as these have been shown to effectively engage child and adolescent...

For more than 30 years, there have been programs that focus specifically on serving members of the LGBTQI community; however, there are far fewer group counseling curricula or exemplars in practice that are designed to serve the specific needs of LGBTQI members within school, community outpatient, or residential settings. This chapter identifies nu...

Different settings and populations dictate attention to different ethical and legal principles. Group counseling presents a unique set of challenges beyond those faced within individual counseling. Beyond the general differences between individual and group counseling, counseling with special populations, such as the LGBTQI population, presents spe...

Group work offers the ideal context in which social justice, empowerment, and advocacy themes can be addressed. Group leaders working with LGBTQI persons may elect to advocate through identifying and challenging these at the intragroup, intergroup, whole group, and supragroup levels, as all have been linked to positive changes in group members. Soc...

This chapter addresses working with family members in a group setting toward acceptance of members who have disclosed their gender identity or affectual orientation and who identify as an LGBTQI person. It focuses on family planning and formation for LGBTQI couples. Marriage, partnerships, civil unions, parenting, and the associated finances are ju...

Populations of persons that have been persistently excluded from the conversation have been the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning, and intersex (LGBTQI) communities. Extant research has shown that group work is an effective intervention for persons seeking positive change. This chapter comprehensively explores the needs and concerns...

Coming out is viewed as a normal developmental milestone for LGBTQI persons, as it is typically viewed as a stage within models of LGB and transgender identity development. Practicing one's disclosure in a group context can provide many advantages. Through the process of disclosing in group, they can role play experiences and practice their coming...

Increasing group leaders' competency in recognizing and responding to the needs of intersex and transgender group members needs to begin with clarification of the intersex and transgender identities themselves. Group work with the intersex and transgender communities has moved away from the early model of reparative therapy, and the current models...

Clinical supervision, especially supervision of group work, is an intense, although emotionally rewarding, experience. In an exploration of the group counseling and supervision literature, only one model of LGBTQI affirmative supervision of group work could be found: the LGBTQ responsive model for supervision of group work (RMSGW). The first compon...

This study is a content analysis of the first six volumes of the Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling (JLGBTIC), the first two terms of the journal’s founding editor. All (JLGBTIC) articles published between 2006 and 2012 were reviewed and coded for author characteristics, topical content, research design, methodology, and population explored. Find...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an alternative pedagogical approach to training counselors in group work. The research question is whether in-class task groups can be utilized effectively to facilitate students’ development and understanding of group counseling skills. The use of service-learning task groups addressed...

As a historically marginalized population, lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youth are at risk for myriad negative outcomes and as a result, seek counseling services at disproportionate rates. Although the role of family, friends, and allies (FFA) has been supported as a resiliency factor with LGBT youth, minimal attention has been giv...

This article describes a qualitative project, utilizing grounded theory, to explore the experiences of African American families when one member discloses their identity as lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) or their gender identity as transgender (T). Respondents in this study included the LGBT-identified son or daughter, and a parent, to explore the...

This manuscript explores the impact of clinical supervision on the reduction of stress for professional counselors working with clients that experience crisis on a routine basis. The therapeutic relationship, posttraumatic growth, and vicarious trauma will be outlined to demonstrate the necessity for meaningful, crisis-based supervision. A review o...

Abstract Researchers explored the factor structure of Park's Heterosexism Scale (2001) with heterosexual parents of lesbian, gay, or bisexual sons or daughters. Results suggested a two-factor solution but results varied from Park's two-factor model. Additionally, relations between the Heterosexism Scale subscales and measures of cognitive flexibili...

Ethnography is used to explore the experiences and practices of teacher-counsellors (TCs; equivalent to professional school counselors) in Kenya. Thirteen participants were interviewed, each describing their experiences and perspectives as stakeholders working with TCs. Participants noted the strengths and challenges of TCs in Kenya and how counsel...

The role of school counselors has expanded and deepened over the past few decades, just as the K–12 student population has become more diversified. Professional school counselors regularly encounter ethical dilemmas related to the intersection of their transformed role and students' needs. School counselors, therefore, need assistance and support t...