Kristin Paetzold

• Professor (Full) at TUD Dresden University of Technology

Computergestütztes Design (CAD) ist in unserem Industriezeitalter für die Entwicklung von Hardwareprodukten unerlässlich geworden. Zunehmende Komplexität, kürzere Vorlaufzeiten und erhöhter Kostendruck stellen jedoch Herausforderungen dar. Während generative KI große Aufmerksamkeit erregt und verschiedene Unternehmensfunktionen transformierte, ist...

The shift towards sustainability-oriented product development demands early integration of sustainability criteria, a challenge due to the lack of effective methods and data. Expanding on existing sustainability-oriented development processes, model-based systems engineering is used to model the SDP. The SDP model maps process steps, process object...

Model-based systems engineering (MBSE) is an essential tool for the development of complex systems in interdisciplinary teams. However, the complexity of MBSE tools often makes the system-model difficult for non-systems engineers to understand, which negatively impacts communication efficiency and costs. Traditional MBSE tools also tend not to supp...

Agile methods are increasingly important for developing mechatronic systems in dynamic and volatile environments. These methods help development teams to deal with uncertainties in the development process and utilize them as opportunities. A feature of agile methods is the active involvement of developers in the flow of communication and informatio...

The agile approaches established in software development are also increasingly being used in the development of physical products. Currently, their use and the applied process models often do not lead to the desired and sustainable success. This paper uses a survey and expert interviews to identify the general level of penetration of agile methods...

The management and digitalization of experimental-numerical validation and verification processes within product development (PD) for innovative, lightweight, high-performance composite materials is a major challenge due to increasing process chain complexity, highly heterogeneous data and the need to consider product-related data and processes ove...

In the realm of Artificial Intelligence, Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently emerged as a new technology, rapidly gaining prominence across various domains due to their impressive capabilities. This paper investigates key concepts, potentials and obstacles associated with integrating LLMs into the product development process. The initial foc...

Artificial Intelligence-based Computer Vision models (AI-CV models) for object detection can support various applications over the entire lifecycle of machines and plants such as monitoring or maintenance tasks. Despite ongoing research on using engineering data to synthesize training data for AI-CV model development, there is a lack of process gui...

In the field of individualized medical implants for bone replacesment, additive manufacturing offers far-reaching advantages for bridging bone defects and supporting the production of natural form and function. The article uses the example of a large, customized cranial implant to show the challenges of manufacturing with osteoinductive bone cement...

Agile methods are increasingly being used in automotive development. This research delves into the current state of agile transformation in the automotive industry regarding benefits, challenges, organizational adaptations, and successful measures to establish the agile approach. The results of an online survey reveal that benefits are already evid...

Empirical studies show that adaptations of existing agile methods are necessary for developing physical products creating obstacles and challenges. This paper aggregates the gathered findings from several cross-sectional industry surveys and establishes a relationship between the extent of utilization of individual agile elements based on Scrum and...

Purpose: This study aims to measure the cortical and cancellous bone thickness in the upper and lower jaws, serving as a data template for developing pre-defined calcium phosphate cement primary implant forms. These measurements are crucial for creating a biphasic scaffold. Methods: Forty complete jaws were assessed for cortical bone shape and thic...

Geometric deviation associated with the assembly of sheet metal is a general concern for manufacturers. The typical assembly step involves a sequence of events that exert forces on the parts to enforce them to the nominal condition and to connect the parts together. The simulation and optimization of the assembly steps often neglect the sequence of...

Im Anlagenbau ist jedes Produkt ein kundenspezifisches Unikat. D. h., für jede Anlage muss der gesamte Entwicklungsprozess durchlaufen werden, obwohl es einen hohen Anteil Wiederholkomponenten gibt. Etablierte Methoden, sie beim Produktdatenmanagement (PDM) zu identifizieren, basieren auf der Auswertung von Baustrukturen und schlagen im Anlagenbau...

Anlagen sind kundenspezifische Produkte, die in Auftragsprojekten (Engineer to Order, ETO) entwickelt und gebaut werden. Bei jedem Projekt besteht ein Zielkonflikt zwischen dem Erfüllen der Kundenanforderungen auf der einen, und der Wirtschaftlichkeit der Anlagenentwicklung auf der anderen Seite. Ein zentrales Instrument für die Wirtschaftlichkeit...

Bei der Erstellung der Produktdokumentation nach dem ISO GPS-Normensystem sind die Normen ISO 22081 und DIN 2769 bezüglich der Angabe von Allgemeintoleranzen anzuwenden. Beide Normen erreichen in der Anwendung noch nicht die Akzeptanz der Vorläufernormen ISO 2768, Teile 1 und 2. Dies gilt insbesondere, wenn auf die Erstellung einer Zeichnung verzic...

In der Entwicklung von mechatronischen Produkten nimmt die agile Entwicklung bereits seit einigen Jahren eine zunehmend wichtigere Rolle ein. Im Rahmen dieser Studienserie wird seit 2018 das Fortschreiten der Agilität in der DACH-Region untersucht. In der vorliegenden Ausgabe des Jahres 2023 liegt der Fokus dem Verständnis und der Anwendung agiler...

Physical models of bony areas are used in the medical environment for training, patient information or for various examinations. These are idealized average models which, however, do not reflect the individuality of a respective patient. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the bony structure with cortical bone and cancellous bone are not cons...

In current implantology, calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is increasingly used. A special focus is given to CPC scaffolds, as they are suitable for cell settlement and growth due to their positive osteoconductive properties. The design of the scaffolds is of decisive importance for this. The value ranges of the geometric parameters of these scaffolds...

Agile methods are increasingly being implemented in physical product development disciplines, such as automotive development. Once agile methods have been successfully introduced, teams strive to determine the status quo of their agile maturity. For this purpose, agile maturity models have been developed, but these models primarily refer to softwar...

Based on the need of unified access to process plant related information across disciplines, companies and lifecycle phases as well as efforts to establish methods of modularization and standardization, this paper introduces a conceptual framework to address these challenges. Based on a systematic literature review and an analysis of data and infor...

Product portfolio and variety managers are faced with increasing complexity in their decision-making processes due to the growing number of product variants offered by companies. The decision-making processes in industry are currently characterised using expert knowledge, which is no longer sufficient, as humans cannot handle the complexity anymore...

In today's projects, the system of the individual satellite is no longer the single decisive development objective. The focus of the development goal is on the services and performance of the emerging network, consisting of different systems that interact and collaborate in a multidisciplinary manner. They form a network that can meet the needs and...

The increasing digitalization and overlapping development processes require continuously consistent data to avoid correction loops. CAD data are particularly important as they form the foundation for many downstream processes. The high amount of changes, parallel development of multiple product variants and schedules that deviate from the overall v...

Led by the manufacturing industry, virtual replicas of production systems also known as digital twins (DTs) are gradually moving into all areas of industry. Their advantages are characterized by the possibility of product optimization, simulations, improved monitoring and prediction of downtimes and optimized maintenance, to name just a few. The en...

This work aims to evaluate the current state of research on the use of artificial intelligence, deep learning, digitalization, and Data Mining in product development, mainly in the mechanical and mechatronic domain. These methods, collectively referred to as “digital engineering”, have the potential to disrupt the way products are developed and imp...

Additive manufacturing (AF) is characterised by a high degree of individuality and flexibility with regard to design and product layout. This enables the integration of different functions in a component. Due to these properties, AM has established itself in medical technology for the production of implants. Depending on the application, parameters...

Amputees face a number of challenges when acquiring and using a prosthesis, with major issues being the cost of the device, the time it takes for their custom prosthesis to be developed and delivered, as well as the challenges they face to get it regularly serviced and maintained. The other stakeholders involved, including the prosthetists and stan...

The application of agile development methods in response to increasing market dynamics and product complexity is a key lever in the automotive industry. Agile methods originally come from the software industry and enable fast, flexible and customer-oriented product development. These methods are also increasingly being used in hardware development....

Water scarcity and resource depletion can be expected during the climate crisis. Therefore, thermally loaded processes in particular, must be made more efficient in the future. Heat exchangers will play a key role in this optimization process. More efficient designs allow a greater heat flow to be removed from processes while mass flows remain cons...

AR/VR applications are a valuable tool in product design and lifecycle. But the integration of AR/VR is not seamless, as CAD models need to be prepared for the AR/VR applications. One necessary data transformation is the tessellation of the analytically described geometry. To ensure the usability, visual quality and evaluability of the AR/VR applic...

Companies are increasingly struggling to manage their complex product portfolios. Since they do not fully understand the complexity, intelligent solutions are required. Emerging technologies and tools offer new ways to deal with existing problems. With the help of clustering, similarities between product variants can be identified automatically, an...

To remain competitive, companies today are increasingly faced with the challenge of reacting adequately in dynamic development environments. For product development, in particular, it is necessary to organize decision-making processes so they can react quickly and flexibly to changes in the development environment. To describe the dynamics and chan...

In the context of additive manufacturing, the adjustment of process data to individual geometric features offers the potential to further increase manufacturing speed and quality, while being widely underestimated in recent research. Unfortunately, the current non-uniform data handling in the CAD-CAM-Link results in a downstream data loss, that pre...

The expectations towards metal Additive Manufacturing (AM) as an enabling technology to manufacture sparne parts are rapidly growing. The technology enables low-volume production at a reasonable cost. Several advantages of AM compared to conventional manufacturing processes, for example, a shortening of manufacturing time are presented in literatur...

Customized bone replacement structures offer the potential to build up missing bone areas. However, additive manufacturing of calcium phosphate cement (CPC) structures is limited due to the material behavior. The aim is to separate the functionalization and shaping. Thus, prefabricated CPC-prefabs, which show different porosity as functionalization...

Additive manufacturing (AM) is known as a manufacturing technology, which can create complex geometries or functionalities that are not achievable by traditional production approaches. Many examples demonstrate additive manufactured complex components with curved inner channels for conformal cooling, lattice structures for lightweight application,...

For sinus grafting, different methods and materials are available. One possible shortcoming of particulate bone grafts is either overfilling or augmenting the planned implant area insufficiently. To overcome this risk and to determine the implant position prior augmentation, we present an approach using three-dimensional printed scaffolds. A patien...

The high dependency of a wiring harness on its surrounding components requires changes to be made almost daily during development. To ensure operability, these adjustments have to be carried out in some cases even after the data freeze of a development phase. Since these changes may also be relevant for subsequent development phases, redundant desi...

The shape reconstruction of volumetric images can require classifying cross-sections such as circles or rectangles. Depending on the type of cross-section, shape parameters such as radius, width, or height must be regressed. This article addresses cross-section classification by convolutional neural networks (CNN), with further regression of the sh...

Optimization of thermal compliance and linear elastostatic compliance is a common research task that can increase heat dissipation and structural stiffness. In particular, support structures in additive manufacturing (Kuo et al. in Struct. Multidiscip. Optim. 57:183–195, Jan. 2018) or the optimization of heat sinks (Zhou et al. in Struct. Multidisc...

In additive manufacturing, laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is a promising fabrication method where components are produced with a laser beam out of a metal powder bed without the requirement for specific tools. However, the process is limited by its low productivity and the poor printability of complex components. This is mainly due to the necessity...

Support structure design for Laser Powder Bed Fusion has received little attention in Design for Additive Manufacturing although its importance for a successful and efficient build job. The resulting knowledge insufficiency on support design can lead to in-process failures of the build. Also, parts can crack due to high, unaccounted residual stress...

AR/VR applications are a valuable tool in product development and the overall product lifecycle in engineering. However, data transformation of the models from CAD systems to the AR/VR applications is labor-intensive and requires expertise. The main task in the data transformation is the tessellation of the product geometry. Depending on the produc...

The fifth edition of the study series "Agile Development of Physical Products" deals with the current application and implementation of agile product development within the industry. This year's study aims to re-examine previous years' results concerning temporal changes and to shed more light on topics of increasing relevance. The focus remains on...

Die Nutzung Digitaler Zwillinge birgt vielfältige Anwendungsfälle und Chancen zur Optimierung von Prozessen entlang des gesamten Lebenszyklus technischer Systeme. Jedoch trifft das Konzept im Anlagenbau auf spezifische Besonderheiten innerhalb der Entwicklung, der Errichtung sowie dem Betrieb der Anlagen. Dieser Beitrag erläutert diese Besonderheit...

Disadvantageous complex residual stress distributions are common in parts manufactured by laser-based powder bed fusion metals (PBF-LB/M). Thus, the residual stress state determination is essential for understanding the part’s limitations. One residual stress measurement technique applicable to PBF-LB/M parts is the slitting method. This destructiv...

Traditionally, space missions were exclusive for big governmental institutions. Nowadays, the technological and budget resources for carrying on a space mission are becoming more widely available, giving the possibility to universities, start-ups, and private companies to reach the space. The new players usually develop scaled down space missions,...

A trend to servitization and performance-based contracts in recent years has shifted downtime and other risks from customers to manufacturers. Thus, many manufacturers have intensified their search for methods on more precise predictions for In-Service Support (ISS) planning of a system. A methodology for preparation of ISS is Integrated Product Su...

High amount of changes and increasing complexity in CAD design of wiring harnesses result in a lack of time for documentation and transfer of acquired knowledge. To be able to transfer the gained knowledge efficiently during development automating the identification, analyzation and documentation of changes is necessary. This paper shows a methodol...

In this paper, a proposal for a new method to design load-adaptive microlattice structures for PBF-LB/M manufacturing is presented. For this purpose, a method was developed to stiffen microlattice structures in particular by using self-similar sub-cells to ensure their manufacturability. The quality of the stiffness increase was investigated and ve...

Truss-like shapes can occur in topology optimization described by an assembly of finite elements or its boundary represented as a polygon mesh. Such shape description does not cover a common engineering parametrization like the lines of a frame structure and its corresponding cross-section. This article addresses the truss-parametrization of such o...

The adoption of Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM) practices brought new industrial components embedding unconventional shapes such as lattice structures or freeform surfaces resulting from topological optimisations. As a drawback of design freedom, designers need to use thermal post-processing to achieve homogeneous properties in metal 3D pr...

Amputees face challenges with prosthesis such as cost, long delivery periods, as well as social discomfort. Simultaneously, the prosthetists and manufacturers have a difficulty to handle such diverse issues. We thus contribute a Prosthetic Life-Cycle Service System (ProLiSS) Framework, prescribed to involve amputees in different life phases. From a...

To satisfy customer needs in the best way, companies offer them an almost infinite number of product variants. Although, an identical product was not built before, the values of its attributes must be determined during the product configuration process. This paper introduces a methodical approach to predict the values of product attributes based on...

Engineers are confronted with the challenge of processing an increasing amount of data within a continuous shrinking time frame. Due to the fact that it is usually not possible for engineers with the current methods to distribute the knowledge gained accordingly resulting in knowledge being lost in due course of the product life cycle. Especially w...

The value of product development lies in the generation of data and information to develop technical systems. The development knowledge of companies is stored in processes and methods. In order to be able to use this knowledge, a target-oriented availability of data and information is required. These data and information flows are anchored in the d...

INHALT Die Potenziale von Data Mining und Machine Learning werden bei der Entwicklung neuer Produkte sowohl in der Forschung als auch in der Industrie zunehmend anerkannt. Trotz der steigenden Datenmenge in Unternehmen und der zunehmenden Komplexität der Daten- und Informationsflüsse, welche manuelle und regelbasierte Ansätze an ihre Grenzen stoßen...

Design thinking has its origins in an extracurricular course for mechanical engineers. These roots are taken up here and design thinking is used as a didactic element to make content of the lecture ‘Methods of Product Development’, aimed at students of mechanical and aerospace engineering, tangible. In this chapter, we reveal the potential of integ...

Tolerance simulation has already been applied throughout the product realization loop in automotive industry to improve the product quality while reducing the product cost. However, the capability of tolerance simulation is limited by the prediction accuracy. Although tolerance simulation methods for non-rigid part are available which involve the e...

In der Entwicklung von mechatronischen Produkten nimmt die agile Entwicklung bereits seit einigen Jahren eine zunehmend wichtigere Rolle ein. Im Rahmen dieser Studienserie wird seit 2018 das Fortschreiten der Agilität in der DACH-Region untersucht. In der vorliegenden 2021er Ausgabe liegt der Fokus auf den Bereichen Verständnis, Anwendung, Prototyp...

The design freedom and functional integration of additive manufacturing is increasingly being implemented in existing products. One of the biggest challenges are competing optimization goals and functions. This leads to multidisciplinary optimization problems which needs to be solved in parallel. To solve this problem, the authors require a synthet...

The virtual process chain is an essential step for the sustainable digital transformation in the manufacturing industry. For the Body-In-White (BIW) sheet metal parts, the manufacturing joining simulation based on finite element method is used to simulate the joining processes in the body shop. The target is to predict the dimensional accuracy of a...

The needs and expectations of customers for a system are reflected in the requirements. The management of requirements therefore plays an important role in the product development process. In order to address the increasing complexity in product development and the resulting impact on requirements management, a model-based approach for the implemen...

Data mining and machine learning are successfully applied in many business areas such as marketing or production. Due to the increasing complexity in data and information flows and the large amount of data, data-driven solutions have also great potential in product development. Nevertheless, many companies are not able to integrate data-driven meth...

Additive manufacturing (AM) offers a variety of potentials, especially the fabrication of lattice and cellular structures. The properties of lattices and cells can be influenced on purpose by designing their defined structure. To utilise the potentials in applications, it is important to identify them and point out possible applications with succes...

Nutzerzentrierung in der Produktentwicklung ist ein seit Jahrzehnten intensiv beforschtes Feld mit dem wesentlichen Ziel, Nutzeranforderungen möglichst ganzheitlich zu ermitteln und beschreiben. Damit soll den potentiellen Anwendern ein Produkt geliefert werden können, das einen tatsächlichen Bedarf bestmöglich adressiert oder entsprechende Begehrl...

Especially in the Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) technology for metals, current manufacturing systems require the use of support structures to withstand recoater forces and lower thermal-induced stresses. These support structures set limitations on the design freedom and affect the surface quality, part cost and lead-time in an undesirable manner....

Commercially available metal Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) systems are steadily evolving. Thus, design limitations narrow and the diversity of achievable geometries widens. This progress leads researchers to create innovative benchmarks to understand the new system capabilities. Thereby, designers can update their knowledge base in design for add...

Contrary to all agreement that methods can efficiently support design activities in the product development process, it can still be heard that notably complex methods often find little acceptance in industrial practice in terms of consistent use. Therefore, this concept paper aims to identify factors influencing the formation of acceptance to supp...

Additive Manufacturing technologies are based on a layer-by-layer build-up. This offers the possibility to design complex geometries or to integrate functionalities in the part. Nevertheless, limitations given by the manufacturing process apply to the geometric design freedom. These limitations are often unknown due to a lack of knowledge of the ca...

Polygon meshes and particularly triangulated meshes can be used to describe the shape of different types of geometry such as bicycles, bridges, or runways. In engineering, such polygon meshes can be supplied as finite element meshes, resulting from topology optimization or from laser scanning. Especially from topology optimization, frame-like polyg...

Topology optimization is typically used for suitable design suggestions for objectives like mean compliance, mean temperature, or model analysis. Some modern modeling technics in topology optimization require a nodal based material interpolation. Therefore this article is referred to a continuous material interpolation in topology optimization. To...

Polygon meshes and particularly triangulated meshes can be used to describe the shape of different types of geometry such as bicycles, bridges, or runways. In engineering, such polygon meshes can occur as finite element meshes, resulting from topology optimization or laser scanning. This article presents an automated parameterization of polygon mes...

Nutzerzentrierung in der Produktentwicklung ist ein seit Jahrzehnten intensiv beforschtes Feld mit dem wesentlichen Ziel, Nutzeranforderungen möglichst ganzheitlich zu ermitteln und beschreiben. Damit soll den potentiellen Anwendern ein Produkt geliefert werden können, das einen tatsächlichen Bedarf bestmöglich adressiert oder entsprechende Begehrl...

In recent years many companies shift from product-based to service-based business models. This includes aerospace and defense industries. This new trend of servitization moves the risk of system downtime and higher servicing costs from customers to contractors and increases the need for more precise estimations on in-service support of systems. The...

The automated reverse engineering of wireframes is a common task in topology optimization, fast concept design, bionic and point cloud reconstruction. This article deals with the usage of skeleton-based reconstruction of sketches in 2D images. The result leads to a flexible at least C1 continuous shape description.

In the industrial production process, the tolerance design of product is directly related to the product and production cost. This paper proposes an optimization method for the geometrical tolerance design of sheet metal parts based on joining simulation. Finite Element Method (FEM) is applied to simulate the influence of Body In White (BIW) joinin...

Die Transformation der virtuellen Produktentwicklung zum Digital Engineering hat begonnen und ist unabdingbar für den zukünftigen wirtschaftlichen Erfolg der Unternehmen. Allerdings sind die Organisations-und IT Strukturen unterschiedlicher Unternehmen nicht identisch, so dass eine Anpassung (Customization) bestehender Digital Engineering Methoden...

The increased global competition and the demand for individualised products confront companies with growing complexity in product portfolio and variety management. However, today's product portfolio and variant decisions are often based on the subjective experiences of individual engineers. In order to cope with the portfolio complexity and to plan...

Polygon meshes and particularly triangulated meshes can be used to describe the shape of different types of geometry such as bicycles, bridges, or runways. In engineering, such polygon meshes can be supplied as finite element meshes, resulting from topology optimization or from laser scanning. Especially from topology optimization with low member s...

Technische Systeme können dem Menschen helfen, gegebene natürliche Leistungsgrenzen zu überwinden bzw. aufzuheben. Dabei ist es unabhängig davon, wodurch die Leistungsgrenzen bedingt sind (z. B. biologisch, krankheitsbedingt oder altersbedingt). Man denke allein an die Möglichkeit zu fliegen.

The early phase of product development is often described as particularly challenging. Especially in the case of innovations, various challenges that can be attributed to volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity (VUCA) are said to come into play. Far more often than breakthrough innovation projects, however, product development projects fo...

Jedes technische System erfüllt eine Funktion. Diese lässt sich durch die Transformation definierter Eingangsgrößen in definierte Ausgangsgrößen beschreiben. Beispiele für technische Systeme sind Anlagen, Apparate, Maschinen, Geräte, Baugruppen oder Einzelteile. Technische Systeme können auch integrierte Dienstleistungen enthalten, sie werden dann...

Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) is an additive manufacturing process for the production of complex high quality metal parts. The surface roughness has an important impact on the mechanical behavior like crack initiation or fatigue life. Especially for complex geometries with its large amount of internal surfaces it is not possible to improve all su...

Project Management (PM) is an established and well researched field. However, the application of PM for specialized engineering (or Systems Engineering) disciplines is not extensively documented. A Project Manager who has to start a project in a specialized engineering area will have doubts whether the usual abstract (conventional) PM elements (pro...

Multi-Objective Topology Optimization is a tool for finding low-weight solutions using a discretized geometry of several objective functions. In this contribution, the coupling of heat conduction and elastostatics is covered using the global criteria method. For the comparison of the different objectives and objective distributions typically the si...

Innovation requires methodologies that enable the continuous development of effective and context-relevant solutions. Thus, the frequent comparison of development goals and actual user needs is of crucial importance. Prototyping is a widely used tool for User Integration that supports the mutual process of understanding between designer and user. Y...

Using additive manufacturing (AM) as aid to manufacture parts with traditional manufacturing methods is one of the many applications of AM, yet one of the less investigated. In this article, for the first time, a way to produce soluble AM customizable sacrificial moulds for resin casting is explained. The moulds are produced through fused filament...

In additive manufacturing simulation most of the time the overall aim is to compensate residual stress induced deformations of a printed part. For this goal a high result accuracy is needed. In order to achieve this, simulation engineers have to take numerous decisions. This article provides assistance in the determination of a reasonable meshing t...