Kristie Drucza

• PhD
• Founder at Includovate

This study was conducted by UNICEF East Asia and Pacific Regional Office (EAPRO). The purpose of this project is to conduct a comprehensive gender analysis aimed at understanding the intricate interplay of social norms, power dynamics, and gender factors that significantly influence vaccination patterns. The analysis will encompass three crucial va...

Focus group discussions, key informant interviews, case studies and community discussions were used to capture primary data, triangulated with secondary data from the literature review. Validation and sensemaking workshops were also used to ascertain the contribution of the SFP to the findings vis-a-vis the contribution of other programmes and orga...

The aim of this chapter is to present the structure and content of the book, which seeks to contribute to the ongoing global discourse on gender equality and sustainable development, fostering a deeper understanding of the intersectional nature of the gender gap and the pathways toward a more just and inclusive society. The book aims to further dev...

This chapter is aimed at development partners, academics, and policymakers interested in promoting gender-equitable green and digital transitions. It uses feminist standpoint theory and the concept of intersectionality to frame how our current data measurements and indicators are affecting digital and green transitions. This chapter discusses the a...

This chapter presents a general overview of the discussed topics in this book and provides insights related to future research and studies. Indeed, this book acknowledges the limitations of existing research, which has primarily focused on men and carries inherent biases. In response, the authors propose a future research agenda that is solution-or...

The aim of this chapter is to present the structure and content of the book, which seeks to contribute to the ongoing global discourse on gender equality and sustainable development, fostering a deeper understanding of the intersectional nature of the gender gap and the pathways toward a more just and inclusive society. The book aims to further dev...

All non-market, unpaid activities performed in households are referred to as unpaid care and domestic work. This includes both direct care of people, such as looking after children or the elderly, and indirect care, cooking, cleaning, or fetching water (OECD, 2019). The magnitude and impact of unpaid work differs for women and men, with socioeconom...

Potential social and gender risks and opportunities associated with using local ingredients for fish feeds and their competitive use.

This paper argues that the postcolonial revolution in knowledge about gender and power relations has not touched the agricultural sector nor literature. Using the validation data from a medium-n qualitative data study in Amhara and Oromia, Ethiopia, the paper presents a case study on farm gate selling to show how a nuclear family model is shaped by...

This evaluation focused on the UNICEF Thailand Country Programme (TCP) 2017–2021. The overarching goal unicefof the TCP 2017-2021 is to contribute to national efforts to enable all children in Thailand, especially the most disadvantaged and excluded, to have their rights progressively fulfilled and develop to their full potential in an inclusive an...

Fragile states constitute a challenging operating environment. Yet, the role of development partner engagement on issues of social inclusion, identity politics, or horizontal inequalities in such fragile environments has not received the attention these complex issues warrant. The attitudes of development actors, their level of commitment, bias, ri...

This scoping paper highlights policies, plans, and initiatives related to women’s economic empowerment in Ethiopia. It identifies entry points where further research may strengthen policies, and stakeholders who may champion some of the work going forward. The authors, who have expert knowledge of the policy landscape, conducted a rapid assessment...

This paper argues that the postcolonial revolution in knowledge about gender and power relations has not touched the agricultural sector nor literature. Using the validation data from a medium-n qualitative data study in Amhara and Oromia, Ethiopia, the paper presents a case study on farm gate selling to show how a nuclear family model is shaped by...

This methods package, Exploring Women's Empowerment in Fisheries (EWEF), was developed to fill the gap in assessments of women's empowerment by eliciting framings that capture, and emphasise, local women's understandings of what constitutes empowerment in small-scale fisheries (SSF). EWEF shifts the discourse around empowerment away from narrowly d...

This paper provides a critical feminist analysis of seven policies relating to gender equality in the agriculture sector of Ethiopia. A review of 22 major documents that outline legislation and policy frame the feminist analysis. Despite the strong commitment of the Government of Ethiopia (GoE) toward gender equality and gender mainstreaming, many...

This article provides qualitative case studies and applies citizenship theory to reveal the way in which being in receipt of a cash transfer can help local poor and excluded Dalits to understand what it means to be a citizen of Nepal's state. Cash transfers can contribute to an individual's subjective sense of inclusion and citizenship. Although Da...

This article presents data from an experimental gender audit that was completed of the national agricultural research system in Ethiopia. The results show how agriculture researchers understand and practice gender in Ethiopia and what the research outputs say about Ethiopian Institute of Agriculture Research (EIAR)'s ability to incorporate gender a...

Trade unions play an important role in Nepal's post-conflict economic development , but their influence is under-studied. Using a qualitative case study, this article examines the negotiations surrounding the development of Nepal's Labour Law and Social Security Act. The evidence highlights the difficulty of bedding down a new welfare regime for wo...

This review provides a synthesis of the literature on the links between gender and social relationships, livelihood choices, and wheat-based systems in Afghanistan. Afghanistan's recent history has been marked by extreme hardship and violence. The war economy has brought about a profound transformation in social relations and has dramatically under...

This review provides a synthesis of the literature on the links between gender and social relationships, livelihood choices, and wheat-based systems in Ethiopia. It collates evidence from several different fields (this includes, among others, anthropology, feminist economics, cultural geography, international development, environmental studies, and...

This review provides a synthesis of the literature on the links between gender and social relationships, livelihood choices, and wheat-based systems in Pakistan. The majority of the data presented is of an anthropological nature. Drawing from a rich tradition of anthropological research, this study outlines the socio-cultural, religious, and existe...

This Youtube highlights some of the challenges in conducting gender responsive research in Ethiopia

Care Ethiopia is the only organisation working in Ethiopia to reach gender parity. This case study outlines some the initiatives they took. Large scale and long-term measures are required to balance inequities. Piecemeal approaches undertaken by most organizations do not appropriately or adequately address gender disparity. Increased female presenc...

The Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) funded a research development project, “Understanding gender in wheat-based livelihoods for enhanced WHEAT R4D impact in Afghanistan, Pakistan and Ethiopia.” The aim of this research project is to help take stock of the current situation regarding the integration of gender and socia...

This report summarizes Ethiopian findings from a global qualitative comparative research initiative, GENNOVATE, examining how gender norms and agency shape, and are shaped by, local innovation processes in agriculture and natural resource management (NRM). In Ethiopia, 275 farmers — 138 women and 137 men — from wheat-growing households participated...

This report provides a feminist analysis of seven policies, relating to gender equality in the agriculture sector of Ethiopia. Ethiopia has progressively expanded women’s rights and the enabling policy environment since 1994. Despite the strong commitment of Ethiopia towards gender equality and gender mainstreaming, many of the policies analyzed do...

The role of women in the agriculture sector is increasingly important for national food security. Gender equality appears in international, regional and national policy and legislative commitments.The stakeholder analysis interviewed 47 stakeholders working on gender programs within Ethiopia's agriculture sector. This research found that for wheat...

This is a Youtube that shows the reality of being a female farmer in Ethiopia

This analytic overview provides agricultural development partners with a synthesis of the research and policy environment necessary to improve wheat agricultural productivity and address food insecurity for more of Afghanistan’s citizens using a gender-sensitive and inclusive approach. It outlines how an insufficient focus on the barriers women fac...

In Afghanistan, 260 respondents from wheat-growing households across four villages from Kabul and Nangarhar provinces, were asked about gender norms relating to behavior, innovation, technology and agency, or the capacity to make strategic life choices and act upon them. The results show that women seem to play a bigger role in farming decisions th...

The purpose of this guideline is to help scientists and agriculture researchers to deliver gender-responsive and inclusive research that meets the Sustainable Development Goals. The guideline is a series of checklists, tools and memory devices to help scientists think through the gender and inclusion implications of their work at different stages o...

This report illuminates how gender norms and agency advance or impede capacity to innovate and adopt technology in agriculture in four wheat-growing villages from two provinces (Kabul and Nangarhar). The report covers perspectives and experiences of 132 males and 128 females from wheat-growing households. The norms surrounding agriculture provide w...

This report summarizes the Pakistan findings from a global qualitative comparative research initiative called GENNOVATE. It covers perspectives and experiences of 351 respondents (174 female and 177 male) of different ages from wheat-growing households across six wheat-growing villages from two provinces (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Baluchistan) in Paki...

The objective of this meta-analysis of evaluations is to ascertain factors and interventions that do or do not lead to gender-related social norm change, identify the reasons behind failures, and provide knowledge about gender programming in the agricultural sector. A meta-analysis was conducted on 41 documents, including 18 evaluation reports. Fol...

This analytic overview summarizes evidence collated from a research for development (R4D) project that ran in Ethiopia from 2014 to 2018. The project sought to improve the focus on gender and social equity in wheat-related research and development in Ethiopia.

This report outlines Pakistan’s gender and agricultural context and looks specifically at development of the wheat sector to improve food security. It outlines how an insufficient focus on the barriers women face continues to significantly impact the nation’s agricultural productivity, economic growth and food security

• Investment and robust studies are needed to strengthen the body of evidence and facilitate gender mainstreaming in agricultural development; • Women’s contributions to the agriculture sector (e.g., homebased livestock rearing and vegetable farming) are devalued by extension workers and often not considered ‘agriculture’; • Rural women are shut o...

This Research for Development (R4D) Policy Report summarizes findings from a meta-analysis of external evaluations of Ethiopian agricultural development projects, while also highlighting best practices around gender programming. It explores: What works for gender norm change in agricultural development projects? Intent on building a body of evidenc...

This review of 45 documents demonstrates the massive evidence gap in gender relations in Afghanistan agriculture. Women face greater constraints than men in generating an income from agriculture, especially if single, but how this has changed over time and many other assumptions require empirical study. Furthermore, how to empower women economicall...

Why does the world need another Feminist Research interdisciplinary journal?

Women's role in agriculture is widely reported to be essential; despite this, women's role in the wheat-sector is under-researched. Feminist standpoint theory is applied in analyzing 73 documents on women's role in agriculture from 1990 until 2016 to answer the following questions: How does the world look, and operate, for males and females in whea...

The seven methodologies in this report represent a different way of incorporating gender into agricultural programs in Ethiopia with encouraging results. All use a collection of participatory research methods combined in a structured manner that enables participants to assess, monitor, review and reflect on their current situation, and develop plan...

These annexes are like a tool kit to help readers understand more about the seven methodologies identified in the main report. It provides an overview on each methodology with references/links for further information, discusses adaptation to the Ethiopian agricultural sector and documents some of the evidence surrounding the methodologies success.

This article is a qualitative case study on the political dimensions of social protection reforms in post-conflict Nepal. The article examines vertical versus horizontal party structures and the political economy of support for different parties, and how this relates to their social protection policies to help unpack gaps in the literature and prov...

This article explores the history and impact of affirmative action in Nepal's civil service and political parties. Affirmative action was part of a broader social inclusion agenda introduced after the Comprehensive Peace Agreement was signed in 2006. Affirmative action will always have associated costs and trying to minimize these requires concerte...

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It is often assumed that federalism is about subdividing a country and the decentralization of power. However it can involve the renegotiation of nationhood and identity. This can be an emotional and challenging process. Although federating the country and drawing new state boundaries offered hope to Nepal’s traditionally excluded populations, the...

It is often assumed that federalism is about subdividing a country and the decentralization of power. However it can involve the renegotiation of nationhood and identity. This can be an emotional and challenging process. Although federating the country and drawing new state boundaries offered hope to Nepal's traditionally excluded populations, the...

This paper provides insight into the policy processes surrounding the design of Nepal’s first National Social Protection Framework (NSPF) that was initiated in 2009 by the UCPN-Maoists. The paper examines how the policy evolved and a myriad of reasons for why the framework remains in a draft form six years after it was instigated. Nepal’s social in...

It is often assumed that social protection leads to social inclusion and other well-being indicators. Yet evidence of this impact is weak. Cash transfers are a social protection tool designed to reduce poverty which can also have an impact on human development indicators such as health and education. In the district of Sarlahi, Nepal, cash transfer...

Social inclusion is a contested policy in Nepal and a key driver of the 10 year conflict led by the Maoists. An array of instruments and social policies can be used to combat social exclusion and inequality. In Nepal, affirmative action is a long-term initiative appearing in Nepal’s Comprehensive Peace Agreement. Development partners do not conside...

This paper explores the political variables, attitudes and factors that have shaped and driven social protection in Nepal. Historically, Nepal is unique in terms of social protection. In 1994 the first communist government, without development partner support, announced a universal, non-contributory aged pension. A widow’s and disability allowance...

It is often assumed that social policies that target excluded groups can be poorly implemented token gestures. Cash transfers are a form of social protection used to temporarily alleviate poverty. The case studies presented in this paper confirm poor implementation throughout the delivery of cash transfers to low caste Dalits in Sarlahi, Nepal. How...

To address the risks women, men, girls and boys face from hazards, climate change and environmental degradation, it is essential to understand a range of variables, such as where people live, their culture, social values and economic position. Different hazards such as earthquakes, tropical cyclones, floods, tsunamis, drought, landslides, erosion a...