Krishnan RS ManiIndian Association for the Cultivation of Science · Department of Theoretical Physics
Krishnan RS Mani
B. Tech. (ex IIT)
About
20
Publications
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87
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Citations since 2017
Introduction
I have about a quarter-century long experience in doing high-precision numerical simulation of celestial orbits, and am currently working on Relativity, Astronomy, and Celestial mechanics. I have got published more than ten scientific papers in international Physics journals on related topics.
Publications
Publications (20)
The most accurate LLR (Lunar Laser Ranging) initiative, named APOLLO (Apache Point Observatory Lunar Laser-ranging Operation) demonstrated millimeter-range Positional accuracy in 2009, thus improving LLR by one order-of-magnitude.
Since, LLR is a foundational technique in studying gravity, Murphy (Principal Investigator of APOLLO) stated in 2009,...
Euclidean space in EGR (Evolved General Relativity) enabled development of a Prototype of future Ephemerides, leading to five orders-of-magnitude improvement in accuracy of computation of the various components of precession of Planetary orbits, using three independent methods. … The methodology for “Generation of High-precision Future Ephemerides...
Keeping the puzzling nature of relativistic principles in mind, Einstein stated his two dictums for future generations, so that based on the experience of long-continued experimental verifications, more and more experimental facts can be incorporated, while replacing the previously-adopted postulates or hypotheses, with experimentally proven princi...
Between 1911-21, Einstein stated on four instances regarding the ‘General relativistic nature of speed of light, c’, and in 1920 he categorically stated as one of the “Few Inferences from the general relativity (GRT)” that the special relativity (SRT) postulate of ‘constancy of c’ is not valid according to GRT, as light rays could curve only when c...
With great foresight, Einstein anticipated difficulties or problems in applications of an abstruse theory like general relativity (GRT), about eight decades ago, and stated his two-dictums-roadmap for future generations, so that based on the experience of long-continued experimental verifications, more and more empirical facts can be incorporated,...
More than half a century before the advent of space age, overcoming the constraints of contemporary physics, Einstein formulated his Special Relativity Theory (SRT) by abandoning the prevalent ether theory, by replacing Newton's three absolutes (mass, time and space) by a single absolute, the speed of light, c, and by introducing the radical concep...
Following Einstein’s two-dictums-roadmap (one for incorporation of maximum of empirical facts, and the second on long-continued experimental verifications for perfecting a scientific theory) for future generations to make his General Relativity Theory (GRT) evolve to perfection, or according to his own words, get nearer to the ‘grand aim’ of all sc...
This paper relates to the series of ten papers published by the authors in peer reviewed international physics journals, on the Remodeled Relativity Theory (RRT), which is a remodeled form of Einstein’s relativity theories, formulated by retaining and incorporating only experimentally proven principles based on the precision data, results and exper...
For this relativistic energy-based simulation model, the simple and most abundant hydrogen atom was chosen for simulation of the conditions during the time of its creation, as depicted in the big bang scenario. In this model, the right creation situation could be achieved at about 3000 K, subject to the simultaneous conditions that (1) the kinetic...
Einstein, while formulating his theories of relativity long before the space age, had fixed the terrestrial magnitude of the velocity of light c as the limiting speed of all natural phenomena. As explained in earlier papers published by the authors, the remodeled relativity theory (RRT) avoids the inadequacies and inconsistencies of Einstein's rela...
The speed of light c was first proven to be finite by Ole Romer in 1676. In the post-Maxwellian era, sensing the tide of discoveries in electromagnetism, Einstein replaced Newton's three absolutes-mass, time, and space, with c, which thus gained an important status among the fundamental constants of nature. Many Earth bound experiments after the fi...
In the eighteenth century, the magnitude of the speed of light was first determined and proven to be finite against the contemporary view, independently by Ole Romer and Bradley. Einstein in the post-Maxwellian era, sensed that the tide of discoveries in electro-magnetism indicated a decline of the mechanical view, and replaced Newton's three absol...
In the post-Maxwellian era, sensing that the tide of discoveries in electromagnetim indicated a decline of the mechanical view, Einstein replaced Newton's three absolutes -- space, time and mass, with a single one, the velocity of light. The magnitude of the velocity of light was first determined and proven to be finite independently by Ole Romer a...
Among all the theories proposed to explain the 'anomalous' perihelion precession of Mercury's orbit announced in 1859 by Le Verrier, the general theory of relativity proposed by Einstein in November 1915, alone could calculate Mercury's 'anomalous' precession with a precision demanded by observational accuracy. Since Mercury's precession was a dire...
This remodeled form of Einstein's relativity theories retains and incorporates only experimentally proven principles. It is based on a generalized law for spinning and rotational motions, which is in fact the conservation law of momentum vector direction, and can be successfully used for the precision computation of planetary and lunar orbits. The...
The ‘anomalous perihelion precession’ of Mercury, announced by Le Verrier in 1859, was a highly controversial topic for more
than half a century and invoked many alternative theories until 1916, when Einstein presented his theory of general relativity
as an alternative theory of gravitation and showed perihelion precession to be one of its potentia...
The time delay experiment proposed by I.I. Shapiro in 1964 and conducted in the seventies was the most precise experiment
of general relativity until that time. Further experimentation has improved the accuracy level of both the time delay and
the light deflection experiments. A simulation model is proposed that involves only a simple mass and time...
Questions
Questions (2)
This project aims to determine laser frequency on-board a Spacecraft. The Spacecraft will be launched with a suitable Space Qualified Stabilized laser device (amongst those currently available from manufacturers), as a payload. When the Spacecraft goes beyond the ‘Sphere of Gravitational influence’ of the Earth (having approximately a radius of 1,500,000 km), the laser device will be operated remotely, so as to determine its frequency during the later part of its journey.
A Principal investigator (PI) will be contracted by the funding country or Space research organization or Institute /University, for working in coordination with the already contracted Project Director (PD). The PI needs to have comprehensive skills in electronics, optics, lasers, and in undertaking professional responsibilities associated with the procurement, laboratory-trial and remote operation (for data collection over several months or more) of the selected suitable space qualified Laser device.
We would like to get some advice on
** the number of months of model-specific experience a PI would need, and
** which Institute /University can provide the part-time services of such a PI.
The following gives a typical example of resource from Professor Sun’s Research Group
Sun Research Group 2012-2013.pdf
This project aims to determine laser frequency on-board a Spacecraft. The Spacecraft will be launched with a Space Qualified Stabilized laser device as a payload. When the Spacecraft goes beyond the ‘Sphere of Gravitational influence’ of the Earth (having approximately a radius of 1,500,000 km), the laser device will be operated remotely, so as to determine its frequency during the later part of its journey.
We would like to get some advice about recommended type/model of a miniaturized/ compact Space Qualified Stabilized laser device that will be a good choice as cost and weight are the limiting factors for a cost-effective Space experiment.
The miniaturized/ compact Space Qualified Stabilized laser device will be like those developed by Prof. Robert L. Byer of Stanford University. What will be the most suitable type/model among those presently available from manufacturers, and that are at present being utilized by Principal investigators (PI) for similar Space experiments.
The recent findings in terrestrial laboratories (viz., the PTB Lab. at Braunschweig, Germany, the European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy {LENS}, in Firenze, the Italian standards Lab. in Torino, the NIST Lab. at Boulder, Colorado, USA, and the Quantum Metrology Lab., RIKEN, Japan), indicate that the differences of the frequency shifts of a particular type of clock/ laser between labs are in ~10's of Hz, while the current laser/ clock measurement precisions are in the milliHz domain; whereas, the frequency shifts due to the strong solar gravitational potential are of the order of MHz.
Takano T., et al, (Referenced below) have reported measurements (having precisions in the milliHz domain) of fractional frequency shifts between two laser (87Sr) clocks located at two terrestrial laboratories.
Whereas, the proposed Space experiment can be conducted utilizing any Space Qualified Stabilized laser/ clock having even lower measurement precisions than the ones belonging to milliHz domain.
However, the final choice of chosen model of the Laser device will depend on the availability of such Space Qualified Stabilized laser devices and also on cost considerations.
Projects
Project (1)
Direct frequency measurement of the He-Ne (633-nm) and other lasers has been done many a time in terrestrial laboratories, but never in Space under the influence of the strong solar gravity.
The recent findings in terrestrial laboratories (viz., the PTB Lab. at Braunschweig, Germany, the European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy {LENS}, in Firenze, the Italian standards Lab. in Torino, INRIM (Time & Frequency Lab., Torino, Italy), the NIST Lab. at Boulder, Colorado, USA, and the Quantum Metrology Lab., RIKEN, Japan), indicate that the differences of the frequency shifts of a particular type of clock/ laser between labs are in ~10's of Hz, while the current laser/ clock measurement precisions are in the milliHz domain; whereas, the frequency shifts due to the strong solar gravitational potential are of much higher order.
The purpose of this project is to directly measure the frequency, of a stabilized He-Ne (633-nm) or any other suitable stabilized laser in Space, utilizing the modern compact space qualified laser, so as to determine the hitherto unverified effect on frequency, of the influence of the strong solar gravitational potential, beyond the “sphere of influence” of the Earth or any other planet.
When the project definitions are ready, it will be managed by a Project Director (PD) having adequate experience while working either with any of the established Space research organizations (viz., ISRO, ESA, etc.), or with any of the Science Research Institutes /Universities (viz., Nanyang Technological University {NTU}, National University of Singapore {NUS}, Singapore, etc., that has undertaken space projects, and are having or are setting up their own space/satellite center) of any other country (that are not having an established Space research organization).
The Project Director will be contracted by any country or any Space research organization (viz., ISRO, etc.), or any Institute /University, that is interested to
** either launch a micro-satellite or a nano-satellite (depending on the finally chosen model of the Laser device) carrying the laser device, as a co-passenger satellite with any other lending country’s primary satellite, thus availing of a launch-sharing contract, or
** mount the laser device as a piggy-back payload on any other lending country’s primary satellite, that is embarking on an independent Space mission beyond the ‘Sphere of Gravitational influence’ of Earth, and
** thus, fulfil a historic role by conducting this low-cost Space experiment, following Einstein’s dictum on continued experimentation for verifying the theoretical principles incorporated in the relativity theory.
Similarly, a Principal investigator (PI) will be contracted by the same country or Space research organization or Institute /University, for working in coordination with the already contracted PD. The PI needs to have comprehensive skills in electronics, optics, lasers, and in undertaking professional responsibilities associated with the procurement, laboratory-trial and remote operation (for data collection over several weeks or more) of the selected space qualified Laser device.
By mounting the laser device as a piggy-back payload on any other lending country’s primary satellite, the project cost can be minimized. In such a case, the cost involved will be mainly for procurement of a miniaturized, space qualified laser device, and for the expenses for appointing (for a short duration of a few weeks) a ‘Principal investigator’ (PI) having comprehensive skills in electronics, optics, lasers (for deciding on a suitable model of the miniaturized, space qualified laser device), and in undertaking professional responsibilities (for Lab-trial of the laser device and its remote operation during data collection phase for about a week) associated with the execution of such a project.
