Krishna Mahato

Scool of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, India · Department of Biophysics

Neurofilaments are intermediate filaments present in neurons. These provide structural support and maintain the size and shape of the neurons. Dysregulation, mutation, and aggregation of neurofilaments raise the levels of these proteins in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which are characteristic features of axonal damage and certain rare n...

It is a systemic review of conventional and Biophysical techniques being used in Breast cancer diagnosis.

Interaction of polarized light with healthy and abnormal regions of tissue reveals structural information associated with its pathological condition. Even a slight variation in structural alignment can induce a change in polarization property, which can play a crucial role in the early detection of abnormal tissue morphology. We propose a transmiss...

Deep learning based classification and grading of the pathological specimen plays an important role in the biomedical field. In the current study, we discuss automated classification and grading of squamous cell carcinoma tissue with convolutional neural network.

This study presents a Stokes-Mueller polarimetry based imaging system for tissue characterization, specifically for distinguishing normal from cancer regions in ductal carcinoma samples. The fibrous structures present in the tissue enhances the contrast through the measurement of polarization signal, making it easier to analyze images in detail and...

Polarized light interacts with healthy and abnormal tissue, revealing structural information linked to pathology. We propose application of machine learning to achieve automated, accurate classification of tissue images acquired from Stokes-Mueller polarization microscope.

Study explores the application of two photon fluorescence lifetime imaging modality to reveal metabolic alterations in ex vivo brain tissue by analyzing intrinsic NADH autofluorescence, providing valuable insights into brain metabolism and potential disease mechanisms.

The present investigation focuses on understanding the role of photobiomodulation in enhancing tissue proliferation. Circular excision wounds of diameter 1.5 cm were created on Swiss albino mice and treated immediately with 2 J/cm² and 10 J/cm² single exposures of the Helium-Neon laser along with sham-irradiated controls. During different days of h...

Elastomers were synthesized from potato starch with silicon dioxide as a reinforcement filler. The films were further subjected to microscopic and thermal characterization.

Thermal and chemical characterization are performed in different rice varities originated in Northeast India to illucidate their composition and physicochemical characteristics using Raman spectroscopy, non linear optical microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

Machine learning based classification and grading of the pathological specimen plays an important role in the biomedical field. In the current study, we discuss the importance of feature extraction for machine learning.

The microstructural analysis of tissues plays a crucial role in the early detection of abnormal tissue morphology. Polarization microscopy, an optical tool for studying the anisotropic properties of biomolecules, can distinguish normal and malignant tissue features even in the absence of exogenous labelling. To facilitate the quantitative analysis,...

Oxidation of oils produces many harmful chemicals with unpleasant odour and taste and can severely effect on human health. In this study, various spectroscopic methods were employed to understand how the storage condition and time affects the oxidation of oil.

Novel elastomers are synthesized from corn and potato starch with potential application in the fabrication of biodegradable microfluidic devices. The developed elastomers were subjected to morphological and thermal characterization.

Background Oral cancer is a major public health challenge, along with other common diseases worldwide. Risk factors like tobacco usage and alcohol consumption have contributed towards the rise in the development of oral cancer cases. The low survival rate of oral cancer creates a necessity for early detection. At present, clinical examination follo...

In recent times, fluorescence-based analytical devices are getting more equipped with LEDs than conventional light sources because of their availability in a broad range of wavelengths and appropriate power outputs. Further, LEDs are compact and affordable compared to commonly used light sources. LEDs have played a key role in miniaturizing the flu...

Starch is an abundant plant polysaccharide that occurs naturally and the main source of carbohydrate and fuel in the human diet. Several biochemical and physicochemical studies have been performed to understand the molecular structure of starch of which microscopy, spectroscopy, and thermal analysis are the most popular. The ultrastructure and bire...

Identification and classification of microbes are vital for maintenance of normal and altered state of human health and have applications in pharmaceutical industries, food processing, clinical analysis, and treatment. Development of methods aimed towards achieving these goals must be rapid and reliable. Conventional physiochemical and morphology-b...

Many diseases in rural areas and developing countries are detected late at an advanced stage when treatment might involve complications and higher cost, resulting in a greater number of fatalities. This study aims to make early disease detection simpler and affordable for people living in remote areas and developing countries. A new age optical mic...

This paper presents the design, simulation and low-cost fabrication of microfluidic channel for biomedical application. Channel is fabricated using soft lithography technique. Printed Circuit Board (PCB) is used to make the master for the channel. Channel pattern is transferred on PCB plate using toner transfer technique followed by ferric chloride...

Starch granules from rice and corn were isolated, and their molecular mechanism on interaction with α‐amylase was characterized through biochemical test, microscopic imaging, and spectroscopic measurements. The micro‐scale structure of starch granules were observed under an optical microscope and their average size was in the range 1–100 μm. The su...

We have developed a four-channel Stokes-Mueller polarization microscope in transmission geometry, employed with an image classification algorithm for quantitative analysis of microstructural properties of the tissue specimens.

Starch is an important plant polysaccharide that is a widespread food supply for mankind. It has semicrystalline nature and the amount of crystalline structures in starch affects important parameters like digestion kinetics. Several methods have used to study starch crystallinity. However, Second Harmonic generation microscopy technique is the most...

We have developed elastomers using potato and corn starch with various concentration and characterised them using microscopic and spectroscopic techniques.

Polarization microscopy, a powerful optical tool to study anisotropic properties of biomolecules, provides better microstructural information of a sample as compared with conventional optical microscopic techniques. The measurement and analysis of polarization states of light can be performed using both Jones matrix as well as Stokes algebra. Furth...

Mitochondrion plays a significant role in a variety of biological functions. Because of their diverse character and location in the cellular systems, mitochondria commonly get exposed to various extrinsic and intrinsic cellular stresses. The present study reports a novel approach to detection of mitochondrial dysfunction based on tryptophan autoflu...

Present work reports the colour tunable characteristics of Dy3+- doped zinc sodium bismuth borate glasses with Eu3+ and Pr3+ co-dopants synthesized through melt quench technique. The absence of sharp peaks in the XRD confirmed the amorphous nature of co-doped glasses. Absorption peaks of Dy3+, Eu3+ and Pr3+ions are found in visible and NIR region o...

The present study reports preparation and characterization of Dy3+-doped PbO free alkali-heavy-metal-borate glasses for luminescent applications. The amorphous nature of the glasses and the presence of various structural groups like BiO6, BO3 and BO4 were confirmed through XRD and FTIR measurements. The Oscillator strength of Dy3+ absorption transi...

Mitochondrion during stress experiences a considerable change at the protein level and assessing such changes may help in better understanding of its dynamics. Hence, as a preliminary study, an attempt was made to record fluorescence and photoacoustic signals of the mitochondrial fractions from HepG2 and SiHa cell lines using Laser Induced Fluoresc...

Interaction of 10ZnO-5Na2O-10Bi2O3-74.3B2O3-0.7Eu2O3 glasses exposed to high dose gamma rays were investigated using XRD, FTIR, absorption, photoluminescence followed by thermally and optically stimulated luminescence studies. XRD analysis confirmed the amorphous nature of glasses post-irradiation. Variation in FTIR spectra revealed, structural def...

This paper presents the design and fabrication of a low-cost series microheater which works on the principle of Joule heating. The conducting silver-ink (LOCTITE ECI 1010 E & C) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) sheet are used as a resistive material for the heating circuit and the substrate respectively. The poor thermal conductivity and high e...

Present study reports the effects of varying concentrations of Pr3+ ions on the optical properties of 10ZnO-5Na2CO3-10Bi2O3-75-xB2O3-xPr6O11 (x = 0.1–1 mol%) glasses prepared through melt-quench technique with an aim to achieve suitable optical gain medium for optoelectronic applications. Minimal changes in the measured density, X-Ray diffractogram...

Management of burn injuries are a growing concern, especially in determining the progression of healing. Several techniques are being practiced in clinics and have been considered all-time standard approaches to determine pre- and post-treatment outcomes of a healthy healing. However, these kinds of methods involve repeated biopsies and thereby hin...

The focus of the current study was to interrogate the predictive potential of laser‐induced autofluorescence (LIAF) by objectively assessing collagen synthesis in burn wound granulation tissues ex vivo. Prior grafting, granulation tissues (20 samples) following burn injury were collected from 17 subjects of age range 18‐ 60 years with patient/donor...

In the present study, we have designed a laser induced fluorescence (LIF) based instrumentation and developed a sensitive methodology for the effective separation, visualization, identification and analysis of proteins on a single platform. In this method, intrinsic fluorescence spectra of proteins were detected after separation on one or two dimen...

This paper presents the design and simulation of a thin film microheater. This can have promising applications in bio-medical analysis, explosive detection, gas sensing, and micro-thrusters. An approach is presented to enhance the thermal uniformity of parallel microheater. The modeling of microheater is done using glass as a substrate material. Th...

When compared to conventional techniques, polarization microscope offers additional contrast associated to pathological condition of biomedical specimens, by revealing its polarization properties. In this regard, we have developed Stokes-Mueller based polarization imaging technique to extract the quantitative microstructural information of biologic...

Vegetable oils are edible oils which are extracted from the plants usually from their seeds like sunflower, mustard, palm, coconut etc. which majorly contribute to the daily diet, vegetable oils can be easily adulterated and purity of the edible oil is a big concern. In this research article different optical spectroscopy methods includes Raman and...

Zinc sodium bismuth borate (ZNBB) glasses doped with different concentrations of europium were prepared by conventional melt quenching method and characterized through the measurements of density, refractive index, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra, optical absorption, luminescence and radiative lifetimes. FTIR spec...

The present investigation was designed to analyze the influence of Helium-Neon (He-Ne- 632.8 nm) laser irradiation on defense enzymes, proline content and in vitro responses of callus induction, shoot initiation and on plantlet regeneration potential of brinjal. The seeds of Mattu Gulla (Solanum melongena L.) were irradiated with 20, 25 and 30 J/cm...

The molecular structure (crystalline and amorphous components) of potato starch was characterized using second harmonic generation (SHG) and coherent anti-Stoke Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy as well as scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Platelets isolated were treated with varying fluences (0.5, 1 and 2 J/cm2) of low power laser (830 nm). Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of platelets were assessed through flow cytometry using Tetramethylrhodamine, Methyl Ester (TMRM).

The present study intends to understand the importance of cellular marker in tissue regeneration regulated upon irradiation of low power laser light in burn inflicted mice. Under anesthetic conditions, the thermal injury was induced on Swiss albino mice of either sex. Following injury, the animals were randomly divided into three groups; i. e., uni...

The present work reports the photo-biomodulatory effect of red (632.8 nm) and near infrared (785 and 830 nm) lasers on burn injury in Swiss albino mice. Animals were induced with a 15-mm full thickness burn injury and irradiated with various fluences (1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 J/cm2) of each laser wavelength under study having a constant fluence rate (8.49...

In the present study an attempt has been made to interrogate the bulk secondary structures of some selected proteins (BSA, HSA, lysozyme, trypsin and ribonuclease A) under urea and GnHCl denaturation using laser induced autofluorescence. The proteins were treated with different concentrations of urea (3 M, 6 M, 9 M) and GnHCl (2 M, 4 M, 6 M) and th...

In spite of many efforts for early detection of breast cancer, there is still lack of technology for immediate implementation. In the present study, the potential photoacoustic spectroscopy was evaluated in discriminating breast cancer from normal, involving blood serum samples seeking early detection. Three photoacoustic spectra in time domain wer...

The molecular mechanism of interaction between SDS and proteins is not clearly understood so far. According to the current knowledge SDS is known to interact with the hydrophobic regions of the proteins. Tryptophan and tyrosine are hydrophobic and hydrophilic aromatic amino acids respectively, which are also known for their intrinsic fluorescence n...

We developed a four-channel photon counting based Stokes polarimeter for spatial characterization of polarization properties of Second Harmonic (SH) light.Thus, the critical polarization parameters can be obtained.

Plants are immobile organisms that use various light signals to acclimatize their growth and development to the inconsistent environmental conditions. He-Ne is a powerful source of light that has been widely used in the field of agriculture and it positively accelerates seed germination rate, crop yield, biomass and resistant to stress conditions....

The current study reports the photoacoustic spectroscopy-based assessment of breast tumor progression in a nude mice xenograft model. The tumor was induced through subcutaneous injection of MCF-7 cells in female nude mice and was monitored for 20 days until the tumor volume reached 1000 mm3. The tumor tissues were extracted at three different time...

Photo induced proton coupled electron transfer (PCET) is an important process that many organisms use for progression of catalytic reactions leading to energy conversion. In the present study, the influence of SDS and BME on the redox properties of tyrosine and tryptophan for five different globular proteins, BSA, HSA, RNase-A, trypsin and lysozyme...

Aim: Emerging evidence favors the important role of antioxidants, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and nitric oxide (NO) in the healing of diabetic wounds. There is a lack of substantial evidence regarding the effects of negative pressure on antioxidants, MMPs and NO in chronic wounds associated with diabetes. Methods: A total of 55 type 2 diabetic...

Low power laser irradiation (LPLI) is becoming an increasingly popular and fast growing therapeutic modality in dermatology to treat various ailments without any reported side effects. In the present study an attempt was made to investigate the proliferative potential of red laser light during tissue repair in Swiss albino mice. To this end, full t...

A hyperbranched polyol (HBP) was synthesized using dipentaerythritol as a core material and 2,2-bis(methylol) propionic acid as a chain extender. This was reacted with varying concentrations of soya fatty acid to make hyperbranched alkyd (HBA) resins. The HBA resins containing unreacted hydroxyl groups were reacted with isophorone diisocyanate at N...

Collagen, a triple helical protein with the primary role of mechanical function, provides tensile strength to the skin, and plays a pivotal task in tissue repair. During tissue regeneration, collagen level increases gradually and therefore, monitoring of such changes in vivo by laser induced fluorescence was the main objective behind the present st...

Background: Healing ability of nonhealing chronic ulcers can be assessed by estimating hydroxyproline, total protein and enzymatic antioxidants such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST) in the granulation tissue. Materials and Method: A total of 34 patients were analysed from two groups: Limited access dressing (LAD) gr...

Thermal injuries are considered as the most frequent and dreadful forms of trauma. Quick and objective assessment of treatment regimen plays vital role in controlling morbidity and mortality. In the present work, we aimed to investigate the predicative potential of laser induced fluorescence (LIF) in assessing collagen synthesis during the wound he...

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer type and its detection at an early stage can reduce the mortality rate substantially. With the aim to detect breast cancer early, by studying tumor progression in nude mice, a pulsed laser induced photoacoustic spectroscopy set up has been designed and developed. MCF-7 cells xenografts were deve...

The present study intended to examine the effect of visible red light on structural and cellular parameters on wounded skin fibroblast cells. To achieve the stated objective, uniform scratch was created on confluent monolayered human skin fibroblast cells, and were exposed to single dose of He-Ne laser (15 mm spot, 6.6808 mWcm-2) at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,...

The present era of minimal invasive dentistry emphasizes the early detection and remineralization of initial enamel caries. Ozone has been shown to reverse the initial demineralization before the integrity of the enamel surface is lost. Nano-hydroxyapatite is a proven remineralizing agent for early enamel caries. In the present study, the effect of...

Investigations on the use of Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) for wound healing especially with the red laser light have demonstrated its pro-healing potential on a variety of pre-clinical and surgical wounds. However, until now, in LLLT the effect of multiple exposure of low dose laser irradiation on acute wound healing on well-designed pre-clinical...

The improvement of plant productivity requires wide range of genetic diversity in agricultural, medicinal and aromatic plants. The use of physical energy in the field of agriculture has significant improvement in genetic diversity and agronomical characters, disease resistance and stress tolerance of different crop plants. Brinjal (Solanum melongen...

Autofluorescence characteristics of human serum albumin (HSA) are highly sensitive to its local environment. Identification and characterization of the proteins in normal and disease conditions may have great clinical implications. Aim of the present study was to understand how autofluorescence properties of HSA varies with denaturation under urea...

Collagen represents major protein component of the extracellular matrix (ECM), thus its monitoring could be used as an ideal tool for assessing wound healing following therapy. Presently, there is a great need to develop quick, objective, non-destructive method to monitor collagen synthesis during progression of wound healing. The applicability of...

A series of Lead Fluoroborate glasses having composition (mol%) 20 PbF2 - 20 TeO2 - (60-x) B2O3 - xEu2O3 were prepared by doping with different concentration of rare earth element Europium (Eu3+) using the normal melt-quench technique (with x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mol%). The physical parameters like mass density, refractive index,...

In the present study, the seeds of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) var. Mattu Gulla were irradiated with single exposure of He-Ne laser at different doses of 5-40 J cm(-2) and germinated aseptically. Thirty day old seedlings were harvested and the germination, growth, physiological and biochemical parameters were estimated and compared with un-irrad...

The present study focuses on the evaluation of the effect of He-Ne laser on tissue regeneration by monitoring collagen synthesis in wound granulation tissues in Swiss albino mice using analysis of laser induced fluorescence (LIF) and light microscopy techniques. The spectral analyses of the wound granulation tissues have indicated a dose dependent...

The present study was undertaken to evaluate a He-Ne laser (632.8 nm; 7 mW; 4.02 mW cm(-2); 15 mm spot size) dose and the treatment schedule on diabetic wound healing in a mouse model. Circular wounds of 15 mm diameter were created on streptozotocin induced diabetic Swiss albino mice, and were uniformly illuminated with the single exposure of vario...

Photoacoustic spectra of normal, benign, and malignant ovarian tissues are recorded using 325-nm pulsed laser excitation in vitro. A total of 102 (34 normal, 38 benign, and 30 malignant) spectra are obtained from 22 samples belonging to normal, benign, and malignant subjects. Applying multi-algorithm approach, comprised of methods such as, principa...

Presently, great importance has been given to Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) with the intent of promoting wound healing process. The present study was aimed to investigate the promotive effect of LLLT on full thickness excision wounds in Swiss albino mice using optical fiber probe based light device. Circular wounds of diameter 15 mm were illuminat...

Low level laser therapy is being extensively used to treat various medical ailments including wound healing. In the present study, an optical fibre-based helium– neon (He–Ne) laser irradiation system was designed, developed and evaluated for optimum tissue repair on mice excision wounds. Circular wounds of 15 mm diameter were created on the dorsum...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) in combination with principal component analysis (PCA) to characterize osteoporotic conditions induced by ovariectomy (OVX) in mice. The dual energy X-ray absorptiometry is the gold standard methodology routinely used to diagnose osteoporosis. In recent yea...

We report the design and development of an optical fiber probe-based Helium-Neon (He-Ne) low-level laser therapy system for tissue regeneration. Full thickness excision wounds on Swiss albino mice of diameter 15 mm were exposed to various laser doses of 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 10 J cm(-2) of the system with appropriate controls, and 2 J cm(-2) showing...

The objective of this study was to verify the suitability of principal component analysis (PCA)-based k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) analysis for discriminating normal and malignant autofluorescence spectra of colonic mucosal tissues. Autofluorescence spectroscopy, a noninvasive technique, has high specificity and sensitivity for discrimination of disea...

We evaluated different discriminating algorithms for classifying laser-induced fluorescence spectra of normal, benign, and malignant breast tissues that were obtained with 325-nm excitation. Mammography and histopathology are the conventional gold standard methods of screening and diagnosis of breast cancers, respectively. The former is prone to a...

The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) data obtained at 325-nm pulsed laser excitation for the discrimination of normal, benign, and malignant ovarian tissues. Several studies have reported that the autofluorescence technique has a high specificity and sensitivity for discrimination between disea...