Krishna Prasad Koirala

• Professor
• Professor (Full) at Manipal College of Medical Sciences / Nayabazar ENT care center

IntroductionENT cases are very common accounting for 25-40% of all hospital patient. Subspecialty consultations are a necessary part of comprehensive medical care that provide an opportunity for interactions between doctors and the exchange of knowledge and expertise that helps in quality patient management. MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional stu...

Non neoplastic and Benign lesion of larynx

Introduction: When adenoids enlarge and elicit symptoms it is referred to as symptomatic adenoids, which is a preventable cause of hearing loss and nasal obstruction in the pediatric age group. This study was done to correlate conductive hearing loss with the size of adenoids and to emphasize the importance of screening in the pediatric age group....

Introduction: Sinonasal and nasopharyngeal regions harbor diverse clinical conditions including many non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions presenting with nasal obstruction, facial pain and swelling, rhinorrhea, epistaxis, and other oral, ear, and orbital symptoms. Histopathology of excised lesions is the mainstay for the definitive diagnosis and m...

Introduction: Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID 19) is an infectious respiratory disease caused by the novel virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Till 31st August 2020, 39460 COVID-19 positive cases confirmed and 228 deaths occurred in Nepal. The surgical activities in the division of ENT and HNS (Ear, Nose, Throat and...

Introduction: Foreign body is any object in a region it is not meant to be, where it can cause harm if immediate medical attention is not sought. Its removal by surgical procedure is one of the commonest surgeries done. The objective is to find out prevalence of the patients who underwent operation for foreign bodies obstruction in food passage in...

Acute suppurative otitis media, cortical mastoidectomy

Dizziness refers to various abnormal sensations relating to perception of the body’s relationship to space Spinning sensation or movement of the environment (True vertigo) Light-headedness or presyncope Imbalance while walking Patients may also use the term for other sensations such as visual distortion, nonspecific disorientation and anxiety Commo...

Meniere's disease

Angiofibroma

Anatomy and Physiology of nose and PNS

Allergic and intrinsic rhinitis

Atrophic Rhinitis

Complications of sinusitis

Epistaxis

Facial bone fractures

Introduction: Septoplasty is one of the commonest otorhinolaryngology related surgery performed worldwide to correct the deviated nasal septum. This surgery is performed to offer qualitative and quantitative advantage to patients with nasal obstruction who present with deviated nasal septum. Although more than 50% of population have deviated nasal...

Clinical examination of Nose and PNS is a must know topic for MBBS/MS ENT students. I hope that this will be helpful to all MBBS/MS ENT students and those who mare interested in learning the ENT skills.

Introduction: Septoplasty is a commonly performed surgical procedure worldwide in otorhinolaryngology. Septoplasty aims to correct the deviated nasal septum at the midline thereby opening the nasal airway in patients with long standing nasal obstruction secondary to septal deviation. Nasal breathing is important for proper facial growth and improve...

p> Background: Palpable neck swelling is a common clinical manifestation in otolaryngology. Rapid, inexpensive and simple method of examination for the diagnosis of such superficial masses is fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Objectives were to evaluate the usage of fine needle aspiration cytology as a first-line tool for diagnosis, accuracy...

Background: Dizziness is a common symptom affecting about 30% of people over the age of 65years. In this study, we tried to determine the usefulness of MRI in evaluating the causes of vertigo presenting in ENT outpatient clinics. Materials and methods: We retrospectively analyzed 98 vertigo patients, who came or were referred to outpatient clinics...

Background: Tracheostomy is a commonly performed procedure in intensive care units (ICU). Percutaneous dilatation tracheostomy (PDT) has achieved wide acceptance recently since its first introduction by Ciagila in 1985. Aims and Objective: The current study was designed and aimed to compare conventional tracheostomy (CT) with percutaneous dilatati...

p class="abstract"> Background: Most of the ear, nose and throat related disorders that present in emergency can be managed without anaesthesia. Some of them are potentially life threatening and critical requiring surgical interventions under general anaesthesia, too. Ear, nose, and throat related emergency conditions are in rise due to increased i...

Presence of ectopic tooth in the nasal cavity of an adult is a rare phenomenon. Exact etiology of this condition is yet to be confirmed. We report a case of a 40-year-old woman, who presented to us with the history of left nasal obstruction of one-year duration along with pain in the left side of face revealing an on examination. Intranasal tooth w...

Background: Bell's palsy is defined as idiopathic, sudden onset, unilateral lower motor neuron facial paralysis. The etiology of Bell's palsy is unclear. It affects all age ranges with complete recovery in most cases. However, few patients are left with a considerable permanent functional deficit. The disease has variable progression ranging from f...

Background: The trend of ENT related surgeries worldwide have changed over the years due to better understanding of the disease process, patient awareness, surgical workshops, conferences, etc. Many ENT related hospitals and subspecialty centers of surgical excellence have been established in different parts of our country in recent years. There ha...

ENT Endoscopic procedures

Deep neck space infections

Laryngeal paralysis and evaluation of hoarseness

Introduction: Thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC) is a congenital condition that results from persistence of thyroglossal duct. It commonly presents in the midline neck as a painless nodule. On physical examination, it moves with protrusion of tongue and on swallowing. Meticulous clinical history and physical examination are sufficient to make a correct...

p> Objective: To study the effect of early versus delayed treatment of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SSNHL) in hearing outcome. Material and Methods: A retrospective study of patients with SSNHL was done from October 2012 to October 2014 to study the effect of early versus late treatment in hearing outcome in ENT department of Manipal Teachin...

p> Objective: To study the role of nasal decongestants in spontaneous healing of traumatic tympanic membrane perforation. Material and Methods: A prospective single blinded, randomized controlled study was carried out in the department of ENT, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal. Patients with traumatic tympanic membrane perforatio...

Obliteration of the mastoid cavity leaves a smaller cavity with quicker as well as better healing. Chances of developing cavity granulations or infection are also reduced. Protection of the lateral semicircular canal by soft tissue obliteration also prevents vertigo episodes on exposure to cold air. This prospective study was to compare the results...

Background: Laryngeal malignancy is a common malignancy of the head and neck region. Affected patients usually present with features that are characteristic of certain subsites. The larynx is oncologically divided into three: supraglottis, glottis and subglottis. Studies from Western countries have shown that the glottis is the commonest subsite t...

Introduction: Thyroiditis is a disorder that involves inflammation of the thyroid gland. Subacute thyroiditis is the most common cause of acute painful thyroiditis. It is thought to be a viral inflammatory disorder. Subacute thyroiditis has been treated with either nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or high dose corticosteroids. The resp...

Background and Objective: Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region is a common pathological entity. Advanced primary lesion (T) and neck node metastasis (N) both are bad prognostic features for the carcinoma. Purpose of this prospective cross sectional study is to see if T stage of primary Head and Neck squamous cell carcinoma correlates...

Background: The main goal of inferior turbinate surgery is to relieve obstruction while preserving the function of the turbinates as much as possible. Partial inferior turbinectomy (PIT) is an accepted and effective treatment in relieving the nasal obstruction while preserving the turbinate function. The use of endoscope provides complete visualiza...

Background: Laryngeal malignancy is a common pathological entity. Size of the primary tumor and neck node metastasis both are bad prognostic features. Purpose of this retrospective study is to see if the tumor size of primary laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma correlates with the neck node metastasis. Methods: Patients of all ages and both sex with...

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Background: Foreign body (FB) impaction in the esophagus is a common emergency in all age groups. In the children coins are the commonest foreign bodies while bones have been found as the commonest in adults. Methods: This is a retrospective study comparing FB in the esophagus in adult and pediatric population between June 2007 and May 2010 in Mani...

Inverted papillomas are rare, benign epithelial tumours of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. To evaluate recurrence rates and rates of malignant transformation by lateral rhinotomy and midfacial degloving approaches for inverted papillomas. Retrospective case series, done at Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, over an 8-year period from 2000...