Kotamballi N Chidambara Murthy

• M.Pharma, PhD, Dip R&D. MAMS
• Professor and Dean at Neuberg Anand Academy of Laboratory Medicine-NAALM

This study was conducted to test the suitability of using nine types of millets namely finger millet, pearl millet, white and yellow sorghum, little millet, barnyard millet, proso millet, kodo millet, and browntop millet in seven popular Indian meal preparations based on sensory characteristics and nutrient value. The popular Indian meal preparatio...

The citrus fruit industry is currently in a growth phase; adopting advanced post- harvest practices to protect the quality, nutrition, and safety of citrus fruits and processed citrus products could further enhance this growing industry. Various post-harvest methods and parameters have been tested for their influence on fruit and product quality. D...

Background Although chronic wounds are devastating and can cause burden at multiple levels, chronic wound research is still far behind. Chronic wound treatment is often less efcient due to delay in diagnosis and treatment, non-specifc treatment mainly due to lack of knowledge of wound healing or healing resistance genes. It’s known that chronic...

Background Although chronic wounds are devastating and can cause burden at multiple levels, chronic wound research is still far behind. Chronic wound treatment is often less efficient due to delay in diagnosis and treatment, non-specific treatment mainly due to lack of knowledge of wound healing or healing resistance genes. It’s known that chronic...

Owing to the importance of fibroblasts in healing of wounds, it is necessary to isolate and culture them under in vitro conditions for the purpose of understanding the wound biology, drug discovery and development of personalized treatment. Although, several fibroblast cell lines are commercially available, they fail to represent the patient associ...

Background: Impact of chronic wounds in terms of quality of life and financial burden for patients is huge and it remains as a major clinical challenge throughout the world. In order to address chronic wounds effectively, it is at most important to understand wound biology at molecular level in clinically distinct wounds. Fibro-blasts are the most...

Introduction Although wound refers to simple cut in the skin, most wounds don't heal because of the various local and systemic factors that lead to its complexity and chronicity. Thus, prior understanding of the status of the wound is necessary and methods that can differentiate between the healing and non-healing wounds at a much earlier stage is...

Although the word wound sounds like a simple injury to tissue, individual's health status and other inherent factors may make it very complicated. Hence, wound healing has gained major attention in the healthcare. The biology wound healing is precise and highly programmed, through phases of hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and remodeling. Cu...

Characterizing the diverse melon cultivars for nutrition aids in crop improvement and promoting a healthy diet. Here, we used in vitro assays to characterize the nutritional qualities and health-beneficial effects of 30 melon (Cucumis melo L.) genotypes, including 10 improved cultivars, 16 landraces, and 4 wild types collected from different parts...

Non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDOs) from dietary sources have the potential as prebiotics for neuroprotection. Globally, diverse populations suffering from one or the other forms of neurodegenerative disorders are on the rise, and NDOs have the potential as supportive complementary therapeutic options against these oxidative-linked disorders. El...

Fibroblasts and myofibroblasts play a myriad of important roles in human tissue function, especially in wound repair and healing. Among all cells, fibroblasts are group of cells that decide the status of wound as they maintain tissue homeostasis. Currently, the increase in the deleterious effects of chronic wound and their morbidity rate has necess...

In our recent study, we have demonstrated certain limonoids isolated from citrus seeds have induced apoptosis in human pancreatic (Panc-28) cells. In the current study, limonin, nomilin and limonexic acid (LNA) were investigated for possible mode of cytotoxicity in cultured pancreatic cancer (Panc-28) cells. All three limonoids inhibited Panc-28 ce...

Melons of the Cucurbitaceous family are known to mankind from time immemorial and are crops of both economic and nutritional importance. Melons can be broadly classified as those which can be consumed as fresh fruits (chandalak, momordica, indicus, ameri, cantalupensis, reticulates, inodorus, casaba, ibericus, makuwa and chinensis), used as vegetab...

Grapefruit is a natural cross between pomelo and orange and its origin dates back to the 18th century. It is known for large fruit size, thick peel, and typical citrus fruit taste with bitter tinges, which is due to the high content of naringin, limonoids, and furanocoumarins. Fruit flesh color ranges from white, yellow, orange, to red, which is du...

Fruits and vegetables have long been studied for their potential roles in reducing certain cancer risks. Herein, lyophilized BetaSweet carrots were extracted with hexane, methanol, and water and their chemical constituents were identified by UPLC-QTOF-HR-MS. Methanol extracts exhibited significantly higher radical scavenging activity compared with...

The current protocol of cancer management includes surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, these modalities have significant adverse effects and affect the quality of life. Further intensification of treatment is hindered as maximal toxicity levels are reached impeding improvement. Hence researchers are in the quest for adjunctive naturall...

Curcumin, (1E,6E)-1,7-Bis (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione, has potential anti-cancer and other health-promoting activities. Despite its promising pharmacological properties, therapeutic applications of curcumin have been impeded by its limited bioavailability due to its low aqueous solubility at acidic and physiological pH, lo...

Background: Naturally available extracts have gained importance as adjunctive pharmacologic modalities. The earthworm coelomic fluid (ECF) has shown promising in vitro cytotoxic effect in hepatocellular, colorectal, and breast cancers. Few in vitro studies have been performed pertaining to oral cancer. Objective: The objective of this study was to...

Objective: The primary goal of this study was to convert a natural catechin-rich extract into nanoparticles by using a biodegradable and non-toxic polymer Eudragit L 100 to address the various biopharmaceutical problems of catechin. Methods: Nanoparticles were prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation technique using Eudragit L 100 in increasing con...

Objective: The primary goal of this study was to convert a natural catechin-rich extract into nanoparticles by using a biodegradable and non-toxic polymer Eudragit L 100 to address the various biopharmaceutical problems of catechin.Methods: Nanoparticles were prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation technique using Eudragit L 100 in increasing conc...

Objective: The aim of the study was to develop sustained release nanocapsules of catechin rich extract (CRE) using Eudragit L 100 as a polymer by emulsion solvent evaporation technique with a major focus on enhancing its bioavailability. Methods: CRE and the polymer were subjected for physical compatibility studies using Fourier transform infrared...

Objective: The aim of the study was to develop sustained release nanocapsules of catechin rich extract (CRE) using Eudragit L 100 as a polymer by emulsion solvent evaporation technique with a major focus on enhancing its bioavailability. Methods: CRE and the polymer were subjected for physical compatibility studies using Fourier transform infrared...

In recent times, naturally occurring substances such as earthworm extracts have been used successfully as an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agent in wound healing. It has also shown promising antitumor activity in cervical and gastric cancer. The aim of this systematic review is to analyze the anticancer potentials of earthworm extracts. Sever...

Introduction: The earthworm coelomic fluid (ECF) has shown proven antiproliferative effect against breast, liver, gastrointestinal, and brain cancer, but it is least explored in oral cancer. The present in vitro study is an attempt to investigate the antiproliferative activity of ECF on oral cancer cell line squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)-9. Mater...

Catechin is a phytochemical largely present in Acacia catechu which is known for its biological potential, but its utilization is greatly limited by its low bioavailability. In the present research work catechin rich extract has been chosen for converting it into nanoformulation by emulsion solvent evaporation technique with minimized dosing employ...

Catechin is a phytochemical largely present in Acacia catechu which is known for its biological potential, but its utilization is greatly limited by its low bioavailability. In the present research work catechin rich extract has been chosen for converting it into nanoformulation by emulsion solvent evaporation technique with minimized dosing employ...

To improve bioavailability and enhance colon cancer prevention ability of curcumin, whey protein was used to nanoencapsulate at three different ratios such as 70:30, 50:50 and 35:65 for the first time. The drug loading, entrapment efficiency and structural changes of curcumin was confirmed by quantitative NMR spectroscopy. The nanoparticles prepare...

Obacunone and obacunone glucoside (OG) are naturally occurring triterpenoids commonly found in citrus and other plants of the Rutaceae family. The current study reports the mechanism of cytotoxicity of citrus-derived obacunone and OG on human androgen-dependent prostate cancer LNCaP cells. Both limonoids exhibited time- and dose-dependent inhibitio...

Conventional wisdom suggests that consumption of plant-based foods including, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, cereals, nuts, marine foods (rich in longchain ω-3 fatty acids) are key factors in maintaining healthy lifestyles and helping to combat the risk of chronic disease. Consequently there has been increased interest in research, development a...

The focus of higher education has witnessed a paradigm shift from mere addressing the needs of literacy to cater to wider global challenges. With success of opportunity based learning, it is clear that higher education should prepare an individual with outcome based learning, focusing on cognitive, affective and psychomotor skills. In this regard,...

Objective: The aim of the study was to develop sustained release nanocapsules of catechin rich extract (CRE) using Eudragit L 100 as a polymer by emulsion solvent evaporation technique with a major focus on enhancing its bioavailability. Methods: CRE and the polymer were subjected for physical compatibility studies using Fourier transform infrared...

Catechin is known for its diverse health benefits and poor bioavailability. In the present work catechin rich extract (CRE) has been chosen to develop sustained released nanoparticlesby solvent evaporation technique for enhancing bioavailability. Eudragit L 100 is used as a polymer for formulating CRE into nanoparticles. CRE and polymer were subjec...

Catechin is known for its diverse health benefits and poor bioavailability. In the present work catechin rich extract (CRE) has been chosen to develop sustained released nanoparticlesby solvent evaporation technique for enhancing bioavailability. Eudragit L 100 is used as a polymer for formulating CRE into nanoparticles. CRE and polymer were subjec...

The aim of the study was to develop and characterize nanoparticles of catechin rich extract (CRE) by solvent evaporation technique. Catechin is a phytochemical having multitude health benefits such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammation and other disease preventive properties. In spite of its excellent biological poten...

A review. Traditionally plants were used as medicine and food for providing key health benefits, including prevention of a no. of infectious, chronic, and acute diseases. One of the advantages of plant-derived compds. is their higher margin of safety and their multitude of benefits in prevention of chronic disease and assocd. symptoms; this activit...

In the current study, we examined the ability of limonoids, including limonin, limonin glucoside (LG) and curcumin, to inhibit proliferation of human colon cancer (SW480) cells. Additionally, we studied the effect of combining these two classes of natural compounds on inhibition of proliferation and the possible mode of cytotoxicity. The SW480 cell...

Volatile oil from Palestine sweet lime (PSL) was analyzed for their chemical constituents. A total of 24 compounds were identified in hydro-distilled oil by GC–MS with electron impact mode using Zebron (ZB)-5 and ZB wax columns. The PSL volatile oil included 13 monoterpenes, 9 sesquiterpenes, one acyclic ester and one straight chain hydrocarbon. Fo...

For the first time, three coumarins were isolated from the hexane extract of limes (Citrus aurantifolia) and purified by flash chromatography. The structures were identified by NMR (1D, 2D) and mass spectral analyses as 5-geranyloxy-7-methoxycoumarin, limettin, and isopimpinellin. These compounds inhibited human colon cancer (SW-480) cell prolifera...

Although pigments of biological origin are intensely researched for their market potentials and health benefits, their stability, from the maturity status of the source material to their processing and products into which the pigments are incorporated and the storage of those products, is shrouded with many problems. Both extrinsic and intrinsic fa...

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by elevated sugar levels in blood, caused by defects in insulin secretion and further signaling cascades. Among the approaches to overcome diabetes, diet plays a key role in the maintenance of blood sugar level, in the hyper-glycosylation of biomolecules associated with diverse metab...

To identify the chemical constituents of volatile oil from blood orange (Citrus sinensis (L) Osbeck) and understand the possible mechanisms of inhibition of colon cancer cell proliferation. Volatile oil was obtained from blood oranges by hydro-distillation. Nineteen compounds were identified by GC-MS and d-limonene was found to be the major compone...

Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845–2119. Poncirus trifoliata (syn. Citrus trifoliata), is a member of Rutaceae family. Fruits of Poncirus trifoliata (trifoliata orange) are well known for traditional medicines in Asia especially for treating allergic diseases, inflammation, ulcers, anti HIV-1 and hepatoxicity. In the present study, lyo...

Fresh Nagami kumquats (Fortunella margarita) were subjected to hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus to obtain volatile oil. The chemical composition of the volatile oil was analyzed by GC-MS using Rtx-5 Sil MS and DB Wax columns. A total of 25 volatile compounds were identified by mass spectra, retention index, and comparison with kno...

In the current paper, berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid, was tested for its chemopreventive potential in colon cancer (SW480) cells. Berberine inhibited proliferation of colon cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Interestingly, this compound exhibited minimum toxicity in normal cells at 200 μM. Berberine arrested SW480 cell cycle at...

A number of studies in the recent years have evaluated the anti-proliferative activity of flavonoids. Although certain studies investigated the structure–activity based on the phenotypic assays, no study has correlated the flavonoids structure with the ability to alter gene/protein expression. Present study was focused to understand the structure–f...

Dietary monoterpenes are non-nutritive volatile principles found in citrus and other regularly consumed plant constituents. Monoterpenes are gaining significant importance as major ingredients of functional food and constituents of prophylactic formulations due to their ability to stabilize the symptoms of chronic diseases including cancer. Among t...

Lyophilised nagami kumquat (Fortunella margarita) powder was extracted with five different solvents. Dried extracts of EtOAc and MeOH–water (4:1, v/v) had the highest and lowest total phenolics, respectively, by Folin–Ciocalteu method. LC–MS analysis confirmed the presence of different levels of rutin, narirutin, poncirin, apigenin 8-C-rutinoside a...

The lower incidences of many chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular related ailments are associated with consumption of vegetables rich dietary regimes and this has been substantiated through numerous in vitro, pre-clinical and clinical investigations. Members of cruciferous family are cultivated and widely consumed universally as a par...

A rapid and versatile HPLC-UV method for the separation and quantification of l-citrulline from watermelon was developed for the first time. Freeze dried juice and rind of watermelon were extracted with acidic methanol and analysed by HPLC using 0.03mM phosphoric acid as a mobile phase. The separation was performed using Zorbax SB-Aq, Synergi Hydro...

The study was aimed to purify obacunone and obacunone glucoside (OG) from seeds of Marsh White grapefruit and understand the mode of cytotoxicity of limonoids on colon cancer (SW480) cells. Both limonoids were purified using chromatographic techniques. The structures and purity of limonoids were confirmed by NMR and HPLC analysis, respectively. Oba...

Obacunone is one of the oxygenated triterpenoids found in rutaceae family. It has been demonstrated for various biological activities including inhibition of cancer cells proliferation and tumor. The current study is an attempt to understand the mode of cytotoxicity of obacunone using cultured pancreatic cancer (MDA Panc-28) cells. Obacunone exhibi...

The current study was an attempt to elucidate the mechanism of human colon cancer cell proliferation inhibition by limonin and limonin glucoside (LG) isolated from seeds of Citrus reticulata. The structures of purified compounds were confirmed by NMR and quantified using HPLC. These compounds of more than 95% purity were subjected to proliferation...

In the current study, we have isolated and purified five putative compounds from lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) seeds using Soxhlet extraction and chromatographic separation. The purity and structures of the isolated compounds were identified by TLC, HPLC and mass spectra as limonin, limonexic acid (LNA), isolimonexic acid (ILNA), β-sitosterol...

Citrus provide protection against certain types of cancer due to the presence of specific bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, carotenoids and tri-terpenoids (mainly limonoids). Limonoids are known to inhibit number of human cancer cells through altering various biochemical pathways. Limonoids have shown induction of Phase II enzymes (both GST a...

PBM is a yellow colored compound isolated from extracts of Phellodendron species. In the current study, PBM was subjected to understand the effect on colon cancer using human cancer cell lines. The activity was studied using three cancer cells having different degree if malignancy induction namely, SW-480, HT-29 and Caco-2 cells. The colon fibrobla...

Lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) is one of the major citrus fruits and widely consumed, but there is limited evidence about its health-promoting properties. Hence, an investigation was conducted to understand the chemopreventive effects of lime juice on pancreatic cancer cells and the possible mechanism for induction of apoptosis using Panc-28 ce...

Mom's conventional wisdom of eating fruits and vegetables to lead a healthy life has evolved with scientific, fact-finding research during the past four decades due to advances in science of "Foods for Health". Epidemiological and prospective studies have demonstrated the vital role of fruits, vegetables, and nuts in reducing the risk of cancer and...

Phytochemicals present in citrus fruits, such as triterpenoids and related bitter compounds were of great concern to citrus industries during last decade due to their unpleasant taste. These same compounds are gaining importance during recent years, due to their proven benefits in prevention of cancer and other chronic diseases. Both limonin and it...

Fruits of Citrus aurantifolia were subjected to hydro-distillation using Clevenger type apparatus to obtain volatile oil. Chemical composition of volatile oil was analysed by GC–MS. Twenty-two compounds representing more than 89.5% of the volatile oil were identified. d-limonene (30.13%) and d-dihydrocarvone (30.47%) were found to be the major comp...

Several fruits and vegetables that posses antioxidant activity have been reported to be rich in polyphenols and are commercially promoted as functional foods. Citrus fruits contain many bioactive compounds such as phenolics, flavonoids, limonoids, carotenoids, sterols and ascorbic acid. Six different varieties of citrus fruits were extracted with f...

The composition of polar, neutral and glycolipid fractions of two halotolerant algae, Dunaliella salina and Dunaliella bardawil, which are exclusively used for the production of beta-carotene was determined in modified medium. In D. salina the glycolipid fraction accounted to 28%, in comparison with 40% of D. bardawil. However, in D. salina the pol...

Dunaliella bardawil is a carotenoid-producing alga that is being considered for use in nutraceuticals. To evaluate potential protective effects of consumption of this alga, rats were treated with two different doses of D. bardawil (2.5 and 5.0 g kg(-1) body weight [bw]) as a biomass suspension daily for 14 days. Animals were tested against Carbon t...

Aromatic edible root of D. hamiltonii was subjected to the extraction of the antioxidant rich fraction. Different parts of root namely whole tuber, peel, tuber without peel and medullary portion were extracted with dichloromethane (European Patent No. W02005063272). The extract was found to contain flavor compound 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (2...

The present study reports the antioxidant activity of flaxseed as measured by feeding weanling albino rats with 5.0% and 10.0% of flaxseed (constituting approximately 0.75 and 1.5 g kg(-)(1)) for 14 days followed by challenging animals with 2.0 g kg(-)(1) b.w. CCl(4) as toxin. Activity was assessed by measuring hepatic marker enzymes like catalase,...

This is the first report on the hepatoprotective potentials of marine micro algae Dunaliella species. Dunaliella salina, halotolarent green alga was cultivated in modified autotrophic medium. The alga was subjected to light and nutrient stress in order to accumulate (beta-carotene along with other carotenoids. Such beta-carotene enriched yellow cel...

Pigments producing microorganisms and microalgae are quite common in Nature. However, there is a long way from the Petri dish to the market place. Five productions, using Monascus, Penicillium, Dunaliella, Haematococcus and Porphyridium, are discussed. Some companies invested a lot of money as any combination of new source and/or new pigment drives...

Kappaphycus alvarezzi, an edible seaweed from the west coast of India, was analyzed for its chemical composition. It was found that K alvarezzi is rich in protein (16.24% w/w) and contains a high amount of fiber (29.40% w/w) and carbohydrates (27.4% w/w). K alvarezzi showed vitamin A activity of 865 mug retinal equivalents/100 g of sample. It conta...

Dunaliella salina a green marine alga is known for its carotenoid accumulation, having various applications in the health and nutritional products. The purpose of present study was to evaluate the ability of D. salina algal powder extract to protect against oxidative stress In vivo using animal models. Treatment of albino Wistar strain rats with 12...

The present study deals with evaluation of the hepatotoprotective activity of carotenoids from two well-known microalgae, Spirulina platensis and Dunaliella salina. Carotenoids were extracted in hexane:isopropyl alcohol (1:1 vol/vol) and fed orally in olive oil to Wistar albino rats at a dose of 100 microg/kg of body weight/day (in terms of caroten...

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is an important and widely cultivated plant with both culinary and medicinal uses stemming from its biological activities, which include antibiotic, anticancer, anti-thrombotic, and lipid-lowering cardiovascular effects. Though such medicinal use of garlic existed for centuries, there was little scientific support for its...

Transgenic hairy roots were induced from Withania somnifera Dunal, by infecting leaf explants with Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Polymerase chain reaction for rol A gene and Southern blot confirmed the integration of T-DNA in the genome. Cultures were grown in Murashige and Skoog solid as well as in liquid medium. The antioxidant activity was assayed i...

The methanolic extract of dried pomegranate (Punica granatum) peels showed the presence of a high content of phenolic compounds (44.0%) along with other constituents. This extract was formulated as a 10% (wt/wt) water-soluble gel and was studied for its wound healing property against an excision wound on the skin of Wistar rats. The activity was co...