
Kohske TakahashiRitsumeikan University · Department of Psychology
Kohske Takahashi
PhD (Informatics)
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86
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Publications (86)
Emojis or emoticons are commonly used to convey emotional status to others in text‐based, online communication. While several studies have investigated the influence of emojis on emotional processing, the influence of emojis on the recognition of messages is less understood. In the present study, we investigated the effects of emojis accompanying a...
In the McGurk effect, perception of a spoken consonant is altered when an auditory (A) syllable is presented with an incongruent visual (V) syllable (e.g., A/pa/V/ka/ is often heard as /ka/ or /ta/). The McGurk effect provides a measure for visual influence on speech perception, becoming stronger the lower the proportion of auditory correct respons...
Background
Fieldwork researchers may be extremely deprived of routine and familiarity, over a period of weeks, months, or even years, and this leads to a major challenge for them in terms of appropriately coping with stress. However, the literature that describe fieldworkers maintain their physical and mental wellbeing under these conditions and th...
When a visual cue appears beside a horizontal line segment before the line appears, the illusory motion is perceived as a line extending from the side closest to the side farthest from the cue. This is known as illusory line motion (ILM). In Experiment 1, we presented the cue after the line onset and found that the line seemed to extend toward the...
The Interoception Sensory Questionnaire (ISQ) is a self-report instrument used to assess the characteristics of interoceptive processing in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Previous studies have shown that scores of the ISQ are more appropriate than other subjective measures for evaluating difficulties in interoceptive processing in...
Background
Physical activity has benefits for public health as it reduces the risk of non-communicable diseases and improves the quality of life. Previous studies have shown that health conditions, lifestyle, and socioeconomic status influence one's tendency to engage in physical activity. However, the influence of psychological traits on engagemen...
A highly sensitive person is known to have greater levels of sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) referring to a personality trait to exhibit high stimulation and arousal while processing subtle sensory signals. However, how SPS levels reflect the profile of sensitivity in exteroceptive and interoceptive sensory processing remains inadequately unde...
The other-race effect indicates a perceptual advantage when processing own-race faces. This effect has been demonstrated in individuals’ recognition of facial identity and emotional expressions. However, it remains unclear whether the other-race effect also exists in multisensory domains. We conducted two experiments to provide evidence for the oth...
People with autism spectrum disorder show an avoidance and aversion to interpersonal, social touch. Although this may be caused by symptoms of hypersensitivity, there is little direct evidence to support this claim. Our study addressed this issue by examining the relationship between participants' level of autistic traits, hypersensitivity, and att...
In the midst of the current reproducibility crisis in psychology, pre-registration is considered a remedy to increase the reliability of psychological research. However, because pre-registration is an unconventional practice for most psychological researchers, they find it difficult to introduce pre-registration into their studies. To promote pre-r...
While visual information from facial speech modulates auditory speech perception, it is less influential on audiovisual speech perception among autistic individuals than among typically developed individuals. In this study, we investigated the relationship between autistic traits (Autism-Spectrum Quotient; AQ) and the influence of visual speech on...
In the midst of the current reproducibility crisis in psychology, pre-registration is considered a remedy to increase the reliability of psychological research. However, as pre-registration is an unconventional practice for most psychological researchers, they find it difficult to introduce pre-registration into their studies. In order to promote p...
The Family Allocentrism Scale (FAS) was developed to assess individual differences in allocentrism–idiocentrism with reference to the family. To date, no prior study has adequately investigated the psychometric properties of the Japanese version of the FAS in Japanese samples, although Japanese culture is considered as a symbol of an interdependent...
Visual perception, receiving a two-dimensional (2D) visual input, often constructs the three-dimensional (3D) perceptual image. Although there are generally multiple structures in the external world that give an equivalent two-dimensional retinal image, the perceptual process naturally and easily infer only one 3D structure as the solution. However...
The inefficiency of the current peer-review system has been discussed for many years, and now there is a surge of various countermeasures aiming to solve the problems. Post-publication peer review (PPPR) has emerged as one of them, and some scholars expected that it would be the definite solution. Unfortunately, a decade of trial has not turned out...
The human brain goes through numerous cognitive states, most of these being hidden or implicit while performing a task, and understanding them is of great practical importance. However, identifying internal mental states is quite challenging as these states are difficult to label, usually short-lived, and generally, overlap with other tasks. One su...
Tsuchiya and Saigo (2019) proposed the idea that the category theory is the powerful tool for scientific approach towards the mystery of consciousness. Perception, illusion, and consciousness are closely related, and so they also analyzed how to understand the phenomena in some types of visual illusion in terms of the category theory. In this comme...
本稿では再現可能性を念頭に置いたエビンデスの強さ及びエビデンスと理論との整合性、この両者の上に共有可能で透明なエビデンスの信頼性評価システムを構築することの意義を論じた。そこでは医学研究に倣ったエビデンスレベルという概念の導入と、理論との整合性も含めた外的要因による確実性評価、そしてそれら評価基準を研究者個人の内的なものとせずに明確化して共有することが重要であり、理論同士の密な結合が必要である。
During joint action, two or more persons depend on each other to accomplish a goal. This mutual recursion, or circular dependency, is one of the characteristics of cooperation. To evaluate the neural substrates of cooperation, we conducted a hyperscanning functional MRI study in which 19 dyads performed a joint force-production task. The goal of th...
The object orientation effect describes shorter perceived distances to the front than to the back of oriented objects. The present work extends previous studies in showing that the object orientation effect occurs not only for egocentric distances between an observer and an object, but also for exocentric distances, that are between two oriented ob...
Purpose:
Diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) enables sensitive measurement of tissue microstructure by quantifying the non-Gaussian diffusion of water. Although DKI is widely applied in many situations, histological correlation with DKI analysis is lacking. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between DKI metrics and neurite...
We report a novel illusion––curvature blindness illusion: a wavy line is perceived as a zigzag line. The following are required for this illusion to occur. First, the luminance contrast polarity of the wavy line against the background is reversed at the turning points. Second, the curvature of the wavy line is somewhat low; the right angle is too s...
Emoticons are getting more popular as the new communication channel to express feelings in online communication. Although familiarity to emoticons depends on cultures, how exposure matters in emotion recognition from emoticon is still open. To address this issue, we conducted a cross-cultural experimental study among Cameroon and Tanzania (hunter-g...
Food appearance influences the food's perceived value. It is paradoxical that animal-shaped foods (e.g., animal crackers) are popular and widely accepted among consumers, given that foods with an animal likeness usually elicit emotional disgust and avoidance behaviors. We experimentally tested the psychological influences of animal-themed food deco...
People maintain larger distances to other peoples’ front than to their back. We investigated if humans also judge another person as closer when viewing their front than their back. Participants watched animated virtual characters (avatars) and moved a virtual plane toward their location after the avatar was removed. In Experiment 1, participants ju...
Human visual system extracts or creates various rich information from low-level visual features. Animacy perception, where an obviously non-animate object elicits to us a feeling that the object is animate, is also susceptible to motion trajectory. For example, a simple dot, when moving with the random trajectory based on 1/f fluctuation, provide a...
Perceiving, memorizing, and estimating temporal durations are key cognitive functions in everyday life. In this study, a duration summation paradigm was used to examine whether summation of temporal durations introduces an underestimation or overestimation bias, and whether this bias is common to visual and auditory modalities. Two within- or acros...
The face is a special visual stimulus. Both bottom-up processes for low-level facial features and top-down modulation by face expectations contribute to the advantages of face perception. However, it is hard to dissociate the top-down factors from the bottom-up processes, since facial stimuli mandatorily lead to face awareness. In the present study...
Visual motion serves as a cue for high-level percepts. The present study reports novel modulation of animacy perception through synchronous motion. A target dot moving along a random trajectory was presented. The trajectory was generated based on a variant of 1/f noise; hence, the dot could be perceived as animate. Participants were asked to rate t...
In the uncanny valley phenomenon, the causes of the feeling of uncanniness as well as the impact of the uncanniness on behavioral performances still remain open. The present study investigated the behavioral effects of stimulus uncanniness, particularly with respect to speeded response. Pictures of fish were used as visual stimuli. Participants eng...
Obscure visual environments impair visual perception and result in the worse performances in object detection, identification, and recognition. Blurred images might also induce negative affective responses to the visual environment such as fear or uncanniness. However, the effect of image blur on the affective responses is still open. The present s...
The curtate cycloid illusion is an illusory perception where a cycloidal trajectory is perceived as curtate cycloid. Previous studies imply that this illusory perception occurs because we could fail to process two motion components (rotation and translation) simultaneously, and this particularly occurs at the instant center of the wheel's rotation....
Some products are explicitly or implicitly designed so that objects can be seen as a face; this will possibly support a fluent human-environment communication. The present study investigated the effects of seeing objects as face on human's visual search performance by means of psychological experiments. The participants were asked to search a targe...
The saccadic latency to visual targets is susceptible to the properties of the currently fixated objects. For example, the disappearance of a fixation stimulus prior to presentation of a peripheral target shortens saccadic latencies (the gap effect). In the present study, we investigated the influences of a social signal from a facial fixation stim...
The present study investigated the relation between the face-likeness of pareidolian faces and aesthetic evaluations of them. The pareidolian faces consisted of a facial contour, left and right eyes, and a mouth. Positions of the facial parts were randomly determined. In the experiment, participants were asked to evaluate the face-likeness, beautif...
Saccadic and manual reactions to a peripherally presented target are facilitated by removing a central fixation stimulus shortly before a target onset (the gap effect). The present study examined the effects of removal of a visible and invisible fixation point on the saccadic gap effect and the manual gap effect. Participants were required to fixat...
Visual images that are not faces are sometimes perceived as faces (the pareidolia phenomenon). While the pareidolia phenomenon provides people with a strong impression that a face is present, it is unclear how deeply pareidolia faces are processed as faces. In the present study, we examined whether a shift in spatial attention would be produced by...
Studies of embodied perception have revealed that social, psychological, and physiological factors influence space perception. While many of these influences were observed with real or highly realistic stimuli, the present work showed that even the orientation of abstract geometric objects in a non-realistic virtual environment could influence dist...
Responses in a current trial are biased by the stimulus and response in the preceding trial. In a mixed-category sequence, the sequential dependency is weaker when the stimuli of the current and preceding trials fall under different categories. In the present study, we investigated the influence of the gender membership of faces on the sequential d...
It has been shown that sensory-specific or common processes mediate perception and memory. Here we investigated whether the summation operation of temporal duration is specific to sensory modalities. Two filled intervals were presented as intra- or inter-modal sequence (audition–audition; vision–vision; audition–vision; vision–audition). Participan...
When two images, one depicting colored disks and the other depicting colored windmill patterns, are displayed in succession, the color of the windmills is perceptually replaced by black. The illusion is striking. Experiments confirmed (1) that the luminance contrast between the target patterns and the background must be large and (2) that the disks...
The saccadic "gap effect" refers to a phenomenon whereby saccadic reaction times (SRTs) are shortened by the removal of a visual fixation stimulus prior to target presentation. In the current study, we investigated whether the gap effect was influenced by retinal input of a fixation stimulus, as well as phenomenal permanence and/or expectation of t...
We report an MEG (magnetoencephalography) study to investigate the neural correlates of a short-term memory for event duration. Participants were asked to mentally retain the event duration of an auditory stimulus. We examined the frequency characteristics of the neuromagnetic signals of the right IPL (intraparietal lobule) region during the retent...
Visual competition is one of the long-standing mysteries in vision science. The image that arises from a person’s visual awareness of a constant visual input can spontaneously and stochastically changed between two or more possible interpretations. Visual competition is largely defined by the actual visual experience. However, recent studies have s...
Resting-state study is a useful tool to investigate the brain activity related to cognitive abilities in children because it may be difficult for children to perform some experimental tasks. In the present study, we report a preliminary examination to associate the resting-state neuromagnetic signals from magnetoencephalogram (MEG) with cognitive a...
Time perception is involved in various cognitive functions. This study investigated the characteristics of short-term memory for event duration by examining how the length of the retention period affects inter- and intramodal duration judgment. On each trial, a sample stimulus was followed by a comparison stimulus, after a variable delay period (0....
Recent developments in measurement techniques have enabled us to observe the time series of many components simultaneously. Thus, it is important to understand not only the dynamics of individual time series but also their interactions. Although there are many methods for analysing the interaction between two or more time series, there are very few...
Supplymentary Information
Radial lines of Ehrenstein patterns induce illusory scintillating lustre in gray disks inserted into the central gaps (scintillating-lustre effect). We report a novel variant of this illusion by replacing the radial lines with white and black radial fins. Both white and gray disks inserted into the central gaps were perceived as scintillating, if t...
A number of studies have shown that current-trial responses are biased toward the response of the preceding trial in perceptual decisionmaking tasks (the sequential effect-Holland and Lockhead, 1968 Perception & Psychophysics 3 409-414). The sequential effect has been widely observed in evaluation of the physical properties of stimuli as well as mo...
We can easily recognize human movements from very limited visual information (biological motion perception). The present study investigated how upper and lower body areas contribute to direction discrimination of a point-light (PL) walker. Observers judged the direction that the PL walker was facing. The walker performed either normal walking or ha...
We investigated how tactile stimuli induced feelings of animacy and pleasantness in human observers. First, we developed a new tactile display that enabled limp yet powerful tactile stimulations with a wide range of frequencies. Second, we examined the induced sensation by tactile stimulation as a function of stimulus frequency and body part. We fo...
Given ambiguity in visual inputs, human chooses one among diverse possible interpretation. Perceptual decision in visual competition is susceptible to inputs into the modalities other than vision. Here we will review recent investigation conducted in our laboratory. The studies mainly aimed to examine how auditory inputs implicitly and/or explicitl...
Sometimes we feel animacy for artificial objects and their motion. Animals usually interact with environments through multiple sensory modalities. Here we investigated how the sensory responsiveness of artificial objects to the environment would contribute to animacy judgment for them. In a 90-s trial, observers freely viewed four objects moving in...
In visual competition, the perception of ambiguous visual patterns changes spontaneously. Although the process causing this perceptual alternation remains unclear, recent evidence suggests various types of non-visual influences in resolving visual ambiguity. In the present study, we investigated cross-modal modulation of a transient stimulus on vis...
We investigated how interpersonal haptic telecommunication would affect the impression of an experience shared with another person. We conducted a psychological experiment wherein two people watched a comedy movie at the same time but in distant locations. They were asked to press a button when they found the movie hilarious, and this produced a vi...
Visual patterns consisting of a red-and-blue region with a blurry edge yield illusory motion. Eye movements over a static pattern induced illusory motion of the edge in the direction opposite to the eye movement. The illusion also takes place for patterns in motion without eye movement. The illusion suggests the effect of colour combination on the...
Visual competition refers to the spontaneous change of the subjective perception of ambiguous visual patterns. We investigated how implicit and explicit auditory inputs affect the temporal characteristics of perceptual alternation and the interpretation bias in ambiguous visual patterns. Participants traced the perceived direction of apparent visua...
The present study examined neural correlates of subjective simultaneity by using magnetoencephalography. Observers were asked
to judge whether the visual and auditory stimuli occurred simultaneously. The subjective judgment for 90-ms-asynchronous stimuli
showed trial-by-trial variation, and we successfully classified subjective simultaneity using n...
When we look at ambiguous figures, perception spontaneously changes from one to the other (perceptual alternation). We measured the brain activity from subjects who observed the Necker cube, one of the most famous ambiguous figures, using magnetoencephalography (MEG). To identify the brain activity inducing perceptual alternation, we propose a nove...
The effects of prior experience often persist despite their futility. For example, vision scientists who have a long experience of a particular change blindness display are compelled to look at the location of the expected change even when they know that a change will not occur at the same location (Takahashi & Watanabe, 2008). Here, we investigate...
Simultaneity is important in cross-modal information processing. However, it is still unclear how simultaneity is perceived between different sensory modalities. Various factors such as spatial location or attention are known to affect simultaneity judgments. In the present study, we focused on the simultaneity judgments of dynamic events, and inve...
Adaptation to temporal asynchrony between senses (audiovisual and audiotactile) affects the subsequent simultaneity or temporal order judgment. Here, we investigated the effects of adaptation to temporal asynchrony between vision and touch. Participants experienced deformation of virtual objects with a fixed temporal lag between vision and touch. I...
Most cognitive scientists know that an airplane tends to lose its engine when the display is flickering. How does such prior experience influence visual search? We recorded eye movements made by vision researchers while they were actively performing a change-detection task. In selected trials, we presented Rensink's familiar 'airplane' display, but...
The underlying mechanism of search asymmetry is still unknown. Many computational models postulate top-down selection of target-defining features as a crucial factor. This feature selection account implies, and other theories implicitly assume, that predefined target identity is necessary for search asymmetry. The authors tested the validity of the...
Recently, it has been shown that humans could efficiently combine multi-modal information to estimate an environment. In most research, however, information to be processed was temporally static. We conducted two experiments to investigate the process of combining dynamic multi-modal information. Participants estimated the amount of compressive def...
Targets are identified or detected more accurately when they are presented before or during a response which does not share the same feature with the target, compared with when the response does share the same feature (Müsseler & Hommel, 1997a, 1997b, blindness to response-compatible stimuli). We investigated the effect of spatial information in th...
Nonverbal communications convey "Kansei" information that explicit verbal communications fail to transmit. In this study, we surveyed how people perceive nonverbal communications in-volving physical contact by using Japanese onomatopoeias and sound-symbolic words. In the experiment, various pictures depicting two persons making physical contact wer...