Klaus Vogstad

Markedslabben AS

There is a big wind energy potential in supplying the power in an island and most of the islands are off-grid. Due to the limited area in island(s), there is need to find appropriate layout / location for wind turbines suited to the local wind conditions. In this paper, we have considered the wind resources data of an island in Trøndelag region of...

The purpose of this summary is to provide brief suggestions on how this report could be useful, either to the industry or a research institution. First and foremost it is to be noted that this report is not a recommended practice. Therefore, this report does not provide a step-by-step procedure on how to use lidars for performing turbulence measure...

Objectives Methods Case study Conclusions References A couple of cases was run on a real measurement campaign, se graphs at the bottom of the poster. The case study contains two existing masts, and a layout with turbines at 80m hub height. A supplementary Lidar is proposed to further reduce uncertainties. Base case: Two masts are to be supplemented...

A Lidar measurement campaign was designed to assess the uncertainty of Lidars in complex terrain. Three different Lidars were tested against measurement masts in highly complex terrain over 4 months. The results show that the uncertainty of Lidars is comparable to measurement masts in complex terrain, if we also allow for CFD correction. Too high a...

We apply model reduction techniques on CFD results to enable fast, almost instant wind farm simulations. A RANS CFD model with three turbines represented by actuator disks was used for our case study. The model reduction technique shows promising results in terms of precision, computation time and the number of basis vectors required for fast simul...

All forms of remote wind sensing sample wind speeds from a volume of atmosphere and can therefore be subject to bias in complex terrain when compared to point measurements acquired by a cup anemometer. This paper contains a description of a complex flow conversion technique that converts raw lidar line-of-sight velocity data into precise, unbiased...

The available wind resource at a potential wind farm site is estimated using his-torical data, usually from an anemometer measuring wind speed and a weather vane mea-suring wind direction, set up at the site of interest. This paper considers the influence of missing data due to icing of machinery during the winter on the wind resource estimation. U...

The present paper adopts a real options approach to value wind power investments under uncertainty. Flexibility arises from the possibility to defer the construction of a wind farm until more information is available, the alternative to abandon the investment and the options to select the scale of the project and up-scale the project. Taking into a...

Input-output analysis of inter-industry exchange has proved to be useful in LCA. Input-output has a long history in economics. Less known, is that input-output in fluenced linear programming(LP) in its early development. In fact, Input-output models can be regarded as special cases of linear programmingproblems. Linear programming is the most usefu...

This article uses computer simulation to anticipate the price dynamics in a market for Tradable Green Certificates (TGCs). These markets have been used in Europe to promote generation of electricity from renewable resources like wind. Similar markets have been proposed in the United States of America (USA) where the certificates are called Renewabl...

In this paper, we combine a fairly complex system dynamics model of the Nord Pool power market with stochastic price models from financial economics. The idea is to com-bine the fundamental relationships (given by the system dynamics model) with a good representation of stochasticity from stochastic price models. The purpose is to provide long-term...

This study reports of a series of experiments of the proposed Swedish-Norwegian green certificates market. The experiments were carried out at NTNUs Experimental Economics Energy Market Laboratory (EEEMiL) using graduate students from engineer-ing and economics as subjects. The main purpose of the experiments was to test how a) floating versus fixe...

This study reports of an experimental economics analysis of the new proposed Swedish-Norwegian tradable green certificate market (TGC). The green certificate market is a fi-nancial instrument to stimulate renewables within the context of liberalized, transnational electricity markets (a kind of market-oriented subsidy scheme). Green certificates ar...

A Tradeable Green Certificates (TGCs) is a market oriented instrument to achieve targets of renewables in deregulated electricity markets. TGCs have already been implemented in several countries, but the effect of the market instrument is still uncertain with respect to price formation and efficiency. We give a survey of previous studies on TGC mar...

The thesis deals with the transition from a fossil fuelled towards a renewable power supply within the liberalised nordic electricity market. A system dynamics model capturing the main feedback mechanisms governing the development of the power system over a period over 30 years was developed. The model contains deman/supply balance, generation sche...

In Norway, the environmental impact of building gas power in a liberalised market has been the main controversy for over a decade. proponent's of natural gas argue natural gas substitute more dirty sources of electricity generation in the Nordic market, while op-ponents argue there is no such guarantee and choose to focus on domestic emissions. Des...

This paper discusses our recent research on the interplay between the economic, technical, social and environmental factors that influence the production, transmission and consumption of electric energy. We are developing computer models of these interactions suitable for use by both policy makers and researchers. The main effort is focused on the...

This paper discusses our recent research on the interplay between the economic, technical, social and environmental factors that influence the production, transmission and consumption of electric energy. We are developing computer models of these interactions suitable for use by both policy makers and researchers. The main effort is focused on the...

Liberalisation of markets previously under regulatory control require new instruments for environmental policy making, because subsidies and regulatory intervention does not conform to trans-national, liberalised markets. This is the case for newly regulated electricity markets. An arrangement of Tradable Green Certificates (TGC) as a market-based...

In this paper, we investigate the trade-offs between long-term and short-term effects of energy planning within the context of a deregulated power market. The purpose is to find efficient policies that can aid the transition from a fossil fuelled to a renewable based pow-er supply. Our case study is on the Nordpool power market. The model focus on...

This paper presents a new model concept for long-term analysis of deregulated power markets. In the model we try to capture the main factors influencing long-term development of the power system. In the deregulated power markets, investment decisions are no longer part of centralised planning and optimisation. Investors' lack of perfect foresight,...

Simulations with the power market model EMPS with weekly time resolution have been made to assess the effects of large scale wind production to the Nordic electricity market. Two base case scenarios are made (reference for the Nordic market area for years 2000 and 2010) and wind is added to these systems in 3 steps. The results for the simulations...

New additions of wind energy in the Nordic electricity market has been studied using the EMPS model. A scenario for year 2010 with CO2-tax and a total of 16 TWh of wind energy according to national targets have been included. The study focuses on the effect of changes in production scheduling imposed by new additions of wind energy under operation...

This paper investigates system benefits of incorporating wind power in hydro production scheduling using the EMPS model for the Nordic power system (Nordpool). It is shown that if wind energy production is incorporated in the hydro production scheduling model, it will increase the value of wind power. The increased value is associated with a better...

Implications of operating wind turbines in the Norwegian hydro-based power system are studied. The study uses thirty years of wind speed data measured at five different locations to give a normalised measure of expected supply from wind turbines situated along the Norwegian coastline. It is found from these that the total annual supply from wind tu...

Among renewable energy alternatives, wind power has proven to be a competitive alternative and a valuable contribution to energy systems. Further expansion of hydro power in Norway are becoming less desirable, both economically and environmentally. Norway is now becoming a net importer of electricity, if the electricity demand continues to increase...