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Publications (98)
This study presents a measure to assess dental anxiety in children. To gain a better understanding of children’s fear and anxiety in the dental setting, instruments to gather data with high quality are necessary and missing, especially in the German language. Based upon the facet approach, the Questionnaire to Assess Dental Anxiety in Children (QAD...
Background
Sugar intake is a major nutritional factor in the development of dental caries. To further clarify its contribution to oral health-related diseases, population-based investigations are recommended. To facilitate economic and reliable assessment of sugar intake, a short form of the approved Marburg Sugar Index (MSI) was developed.
Method...
Studies on children’s nutritional behaviour (CNB) rarely compare children’s answers regarding the frequency of their sugar intake with the respective statements of their parents. Therefore, data from a prevention study were used to analyse this aspect, as well as a potential correlation between Marburg Sugar Index (MSI) values and caries experience...
Objectives:
Nationwide prevention programs in Germany aim to promote oral health. The group prevention program starts in kindergarten and ends when the children are about 12 y old. While in a recent study, toothbrushing behavior of 12-y-old children was analyzed, the present study's objective was to examine the children's ability to achieve oral c...
Background:
Many countries offer systematic group prevention programs in kindergarten and school in order to promote children's oral health. Little is known, however, about the actual toothbrushing abilities of children when group prevention programs end.
Methods:
In Germany, all children take advantage from a nationwide group prevention program...
Objectives:
Since early childhood caries (ECC) is a major disease in the public health sector, an interdisciplinary prevention concept to avert this disease was developed, launched in a project region, and evaluated. It was examined whether the emergence of ECC could be prevented or curbed with the newly developed program.
Materials and methods:...
Objectives:
The aim of this study was to test the relationship between a newly developed sugar index and caries experience in 4th- and 6th-graders.
Materials and methods:
A total of 1,019 fourth-graders and 925 sixth-graders from 2 regions in Northern Germany participated in the study. Caries experience was recorded by applying the ICDAS criteri...
Objectives:
Children in a German region took part in regular toothbrushing with fluoride gel during their time in primary school after having received a preventive program in kindergarten. The study aimed at determining the dental health of the students as a function of prevention in kindergarten and at school while taking into account their socio...
In contrast to older children, there is only slight or no reduction of caries prevalence in primary dentition. Already established preventive measures such as individual care and preventive dental examinations are initiated too late in a child's life. Because the initiative of the family is required to take part in those programs ("come structure")...
The present study evaluated, whether the newly established interdisciplinary program in the City of Dormagen (s. part I) is able to reduce Early Childhood Caries. The study was conducted as a "historical comparison". For this purpose, we compared the dental health and the dental health-related behavior of a group of 3-to 4-year-old children born be...
Aim:
The aim of this study was to investigate the methods used to identify national mean DMFT scores for 12-year-old children in all the Member States of the European Union and European Economic Area, and in 11 other European countries.
Methods:
The most recent national mean DMFT scores were accessed from the World Health Organisation Oral Healt...
Objectives:
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of an intensified preventive programme in kindergartens.
Materials and methods:
Two thousand two hundred twenty-eight 2- to 4-year-old children attending kindergartens in two counties in northern Hesse were randomly allocated to two groups. Children in the test group participated in dai...
Background
In order to investigate correlations between specific parameters and dental caries, it is useful to record incipient and dentine lesions.AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a selective intensified preventive program (SIP) on oral health of fourth graders using ICDAS.DesignA cohort study was performed. ICDAS and DMFT in...
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of various risk factors on dental caries increment in deciduous teeth of preschool children over 2.5 years.
A longitudinal study was carried out in kindergartens in two German counties in Northern Hesse. At baseline examination in 2006-2007, the mean age of the children was 3.5 years. Carie...
Introduction: The aim of this study was to examine retrospectively the influence of various parameters on the cumulative survival probability of fissure sealants. Method: Using medical files, data from patients in a dental school and a private practice who have received fissure sealant treatments on one or more permanent molars between 2010 and 201...
Our study investigated the effect of a selective intensive prevention (SIP) programme on dental health of pupils in comparison to a control group. While no differences were observed in respect to dental health of first graders, the DMF-T values of fourth and 6 graders participating in SIP were significantly lower. Concerning the psychometric variab...
Aim:
The aim of this study was to assess caries prevalence among 12-year-olds, including initial lesions and dentine caries (ICDAS-II criteria, Codes 0-6).
Methods:
The study was conducted in 2 regions of Hesse with different group prevention programmes (in region 1 children receive regular school-based prophylaxis using fluoride varnish twice a...
Introduction: A selective intensified prevention (SIP) was introduced at individual schools in deprived areas in Marburg County (Germany) in 1995. The SIP program covers not only the usual dental examinations performed in schools, but also includes teaching dental-related subjects (2x per year), supervised in-class tooth brushing according to the K...
Introduction: In the course of the intensified prevention program (SIP) in Marburg, children and adolescents are confronted during several years with information and practical exercises related to dental health. It can be assumed that this program changes their oral hygiene behavior, their knowledge about health and their attitudes concerning denta...
Introduction: In Marburg Biedenkopf County a Selective Intensive Prevention (SIP) is offered since 17 years. The effect of SIP was evaluated in comparison to a control region without SIP. The study was especially focusing on the efficacy of the different modules of the program in different social and migrant groups. Subjects and methods: Dental exa...
Objectives
A selective intensified prevention (SIP) was introduced at individual schools in deprived areas in Marburg County (Germany) in 1995. The outcome of the program was evaluated in sixth graders (mean age: 12.06 years) in comparison to a control region.
Materials and methods
Caries experience was recorded by applying International Caries Det...
When the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS-II) was introduced, a two-number coding system that identifies restorations/sealants with the first digit and scores the caries lesions with a second digit was suggested. The aim of this study was, first, to assess the intra- and interexaminer reproducibility of this method applie...
Die vorliegende Studie zielte darauf ab, die Zahngesundheit von 12-Jahrigen unter Einbeziehung von Initiallasionen und Dentinkaries zu ermitteln und basierend auf dem besuchten Schultyp eine Differenzierung vorzunehmen. Methode: Die Erhebungen fanden in 2 Regionen im Hessen statt, die sich bezuglich der gruppenprophylaktischen Masnahmen (GPR) unter...
The aim of this study was firstly to assess inter- and intra- examiner reproducibility and accuracy in the detection of occlusal caries in extracted human teeth using the newly developed fluorescence-based camera VistaCam iX and secondly to compare the performance to the established fluorescence device VistaProof. The occlusal surfaces of 101 teeth...
Introduction: The aim of this study was to examine the influence of various parameters on the cumulative survival probability of primary teeth following endodontic treatment. Method: Using medical files, data from patients in a dental school who have received endodontic treatments on one or more teeth between 2001 and 2010 were surveyed. Various pa...
Ectodermal dysplasia is a hereditary condition which is described by two or more abnormalities of ectodermal structures like hair, teeth, nails or sweat glands. The teeth play an important diagnostic role. Quite often, the dentist will act as coordinator of an interdisciplinary treatment team. In this case report the first steps of the dental treat...
To assess the prevalence of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) in a county in Northern Hesse and to correlate this parameter to various independent variables. Additionally to investigate the relationship between preventive measures and the socioeconomic status (SES).
In spring 2006, 1,082 preschool children were examined. According to WHO-criteria d(3+4)...
Aim
Selective intensified prevention (SIP) was introduced by the Dental Public Health Service in Marburg County in 1995. SIP is offered at individual schools in underprivileged districts including enhanced health education and oral hygiene instructions as well as fluoride varnish applications four times per year. The aim of this study was to evalua...
Carious lesions can occur at different sites on the occlusal surfaces of teeth and may differ in appearance and severity. This study aimed to evaluate how scoring several lesions on occlusal surfaces, as opposed to only one representative lesion, affects estimates of reproducibility and accuracy of fluorescence-based devices. Thirty-six permanent t...
The aim of this study was to assess inter- and intra-examiner reproducibility and accuracy in the detection and assessment of occlusal caries in extracted human teeth using the newly developed fluorescence based camera VistaProof. Serial sectioning and microscopy are considered the gold standard. The occlusal surfaces of 53 teeth (99 investigation...
Objectives: The aim of this in-vitro study was to assess the performance of a newly introduced fluorescence method for the detection of dentin caries. Methods: 53 freshly extracted human permanent teeth were available for the study. Informed consent was obtained from patients prior to extraction about the use of teeth for research purposes. Two exa...
To evaluate intra- and interexaminer reproducibility of ICDAS-II on occlusal caries diagnosis when different time intervals were allowed to elapse between examinations. A subsidiary aim was to determine whether collapsing the codes would influence this reproducibility.
The occlusal surfaces of 50 permanent posterior teeth were investigated by 3 tra...
This study aimed to evaluate a laser fluorescence device (the DIAGNOdent) and a visual classification system (ICDAS-II) for occlusal caries diagnosis. It also aimed to determine whether fluorescence measurements taken at the tooth surface correlate with the fluorescence measurements taken within the body of the lesion. The occlusal surfaces of 100...
Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS) (OMIM Nr.: 180500) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder (1 : 200000) with genetic and morphologic variability. Glaucoma is associated in 50% of the patients. Craniofacial and dental anomalies are frequently reported with ARS. The present study was designed as a multidisciplinary analysis of orthodontic, ophthalmologi...
Histology is frequently used as a gold standard to validate caries detection devices. Poor assessment consistency could lead to apparent changes in diagnostic accuracy. In multi-center, multi-examiner studies electronic transfer of information would be convenient, provided there is no deteriation in quality. This study tested the hypothesis that ex...
Während zu Beginn der 1980er Jahre in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland bei Kindern und Jugendlichen eine relativ schlechte Mundgesundheit
festgestellt wurde (Naujoks, 1985), war durch intensive Prophylaxeprogramme in einigen Nachbarländern (z. B. Schweiz, Schweden und Dänemark) bereits eine Kariesreduktion
erzielt worden (Marthaler, 1990). Um eine be...
Carious lesions can occur at different sites on the occlusal surfaces of teeth and may differ in appearance and severity. This study aimed to evaluate how estimates of reproducibility and accuracy of ICDAS-II were affected when all lesions on occlusal surfaces, or only a representative lesion, were scored. 100 permanent teeth with 1-4 investigation...
The aim of this study was to assess inter- and intra-examiner reproducibility and accuracy in the detection and assessment of occlusal caries in extracted human teeth using a newly developed visual method for caries diagnosis (International Caries Detection and Assessment System, ICDAS-II). Serial sectioning and microscopy were used as the 'gold st...
A high-carbohydrate diet and insufficient dental hygiene are the main causes of dental caries. Frequent consumption of acid-containing drinks and food also leads to changes in enamel and erosion. Early nutritional counselling and expert advice in matters of oral hygiene to expectant mothers may be helpful to make sure prophylactic measures are take...
Unlabelled:
This study evaluated the long-term survival of inlays and partial crowns made of IPS Empress. For this purpose, the patient data of a prospective study were examined in retrospect and statistically evaluated.
Materials and methods:
All of the inlays and partial crowns fabricated of IPS-Empress within the Department of Operative Denti...
To assess the preventive measures which were associated with the striking caries decline observed in Marburg (Germany) between 1982 and 2002 and to investigate the relationship between caries prevalence and the type of educational level.
1,237 twelve-year-old children were examined in four different types of schools. D3MFT and the number of teeth w...
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of various preventive measures on the dental health of twelve-year-olds and to determine the extent to which these variables are linked to the prevention of incipient (D1, 2) and dentinal (D3) lesions. 1,237 twelve-year-old children were examined in Marburg (Germany) in the year 2002. Various carie...
In a retrospective study in two different regions of Germany, 1,041 fifteen-year-old pupils were examined for dental fluorosis. The adolescents had taken part in different caries prevention programmes. There were 746 subjects in the study group and 295 subjects in the control group. For each participant, specific aspects of early development, diet...
Ziel: Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Studie sollte überprüft werden, wie sich die Ka-rieserfahrung und der Behandlungsbe-darf bei 12-jährigen Schülerinnen und Schülern in Marburg (Hessen) in den Jahren 2002 bis 2006 entwickelten. Weiterhin wurde evaluiert, ob sich die mittleren DMFT-Werte von Schülern unterschiedlicher Schultypen signifikant unterschie...
To determine the prevalence of dental caries in 12-year-old children in all 16 German Federal States in 2004 as part of a longitudinal observation project.
A cross-sectional oral health survey of children 12 years of age was performed in 2004.
After random selection 43,950 children were examined in schools.
DMFT and fissure sealants were recorded f...
Objective:
To determine the prevalence of dental caries in 12-year-old children in all 16 German Federal States in 2004 as part of a longitudinal observation project.
Design:
A cross-sectional oral health survey of children 12 years of age was performed in 2004.
Subjects:
After random selection 43,950 children were examined in schools.
Method...
Abstract Caries, periodontal disease, oral hygiene and treatment needs were assessed in a group of handicapped adults. The study group comprised 199 individuals aged 17-64 yr, most of whom were mentally subnormal. The mean DMFT values ranged from 17.4 in the 17-24-yr-old age group to 26.9 in the 55-64-yr-old age group. Tooth loss increased rapidly...
Dental caries arises primarily through the interplay of cariogenic microorganisms in dental plaque and low-molecular-weight carbohydrates. In the process, organic acids form which can demineralize dental hard tissues if they act for long enough. Recent years have seen a noticeable reduction of caries among young people in Germany. At the same time,...
To assess the prevalence of dental caries and treatment needs of 12-year-old children living in Teheran and a rural area surrounding Esfahan.
A total of 1,102 pupils were examined clinically for caries according to WHO criteria. One calibrated dentist examined all children.
Of the children studied, 63.8% had sound permanent dentition, 9.9% had fill...
Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a group of genetically determined disorders characterized by blistering of the skin and mucosae. There are three major forms--simple, junctional and dystrophic--and each has several varieties. The present case report describes a male child with junctional EB. The aim of the report is to present the dietary situation an...
To determine the prevalence of dental caries in 12-year-old-children in 11 of the 16 German Federal States over time following the introduction of intensive preventive measures.
Cross sectional oral health surveys of children aged 12 years were performed in 1994-1995, 1997 and 2000.
After random selection 18,459 (1994-1995), 22,908 (1997) and 24,67...
From 1963 to 1993, 890 patients were treated with 3518 cast gold restorations by students and postgraduate dentists. The longevity of these restorations was studied retrospectively using the patient files. Longevity was calculated using the method described by Kaplan and Meier. After the observation period, 111 (3.2%) of the examined restorations w...
In studies about 15-25% of the caries-free teeth proved to have as low electrical resistance values as carious teeth, due probably to incomplete enamel maturation. It was the aim of the present prospective clinical study to investigate, if an increase in electrical resistance values could be observed after the eruption of premolars. The electrical...
The few studies in which prevalence, technical quality, and success rates of root canal fillings performed in daily practice have been assessed demonstrated a high proportion of inappropriate root fillings and a great variety of periapical radiolucencies (25-60%). The aim of the present retrospective radiographic study was to determine if changes i...
To investigate the influence of different electrolyte concentrations on the electrical resistance of sound human enamel-dentine cylinders in vitro.
Forty cylinders of 3-mm diameter and 2-mm length were drilled from 40 extracted caries-free third molar teeth. For ease of handling the samples were fixed in Perspex discs by means of a cyanoacrylate-ad...
Studies on adults documented that most of the urinary concentration in occupationally non-exposed persons is determined by the number and extent of their amalgam fillings. Very few data concerning the mercury exposure of children are available. In this study the mercury concentration in the urine of 3-15-year-old children with and without amalgam f...
295 amalgam fillings in deciduous teeth and 150 amalgam restorations in permanent first molars were examined in 112 child patients. The functional loss of restorations was corded and present fillings were assessed in view of marginal integrity, anatomy and surface condition. For primary molar amalgams the 4-year survival rates "estimate" ist ein Sc...
The urinary mercury levels of 49 dental students have been examined in a longitudinal study for one year. The correlation of the measured values with the number of amalgam fillings, age, sex, smoking habits, and nutrition was assessed. The urinary mercury levels did not correlate with sex and smoking habits, but there was a correlation with the num...
549 amalgam and 257 composite fillings, which were made by students, were reexamined. The functional loss of restorations was recorded and present fillings were assessed regarding marginal integrity, anatomy, surface condition and colour as referred to composite fillings. After 2-4 years of wear 90.3% of the amalgam fillings were still present, the...
379 children, age 3 to 6, were examined for caries prevalence in kindergartens in Göttingen. 64% of subjects had healthy natural dentitions, the df-s value was 2.3. In 1990 the mean df-s value for 4-5 year old children was 10% lower than 1985 and 45% lower than 1983. Oral health had improved differently in the various institutions. The mean df-s wa...
The reliability of an electronic detector for caries in pits and fissures was tested by means of physical measurements, histological sections and clinical evaluation. The device measures the ohmic resistance of the tooth, technical data are given. First we compared measurements and histological sections of teeth due for extraction. The results indi...
Epidemiological studies have shown that there is a small group of patients with high caries prevalence. This survey illustrates the clinical picture of caries-active patients on the basis of exemplary cases and defines a number of terms which are important in this context. In addition to this, possible causes of an increased caries risk are discuss...
An increasing polarisation of caries prevalence in children was found in recent years. A needs-related prevention programme was thus developed which provides for selective intensive treatment of pupils with increased caries risk. A corresponding prevention programme was tested at elementary schools in Göttingen in 1985-1989: whereas in 1985, 31% of...
A total of 354 amalgam and 123 polymer fillings in 50 soldiers were subjected to a post-treatment evaluation to obtain information on the life of plastic fillings. This study was performed using a simplified procedure based on the evaluation of margins, anatomic design, surface condition as well as (in polymer fillings) color. 45.5% of the single-s...
It was the goal of this study performed in two subsequent technical courses of operative dentistry to find out if the first "professional" contact of dental students with amalgam resulted in a increased mercury excretion. At six different points in time urine analyses using (flame-free) cold vapor nuclear absorption spectroscopy were performed. At...
Abstract An electronic apex locator was used to determine length and control apical bridge formation in the treatment of teeth with incomplete root formation. Measurements were taken in 10 teeth in which apexification therapy had just started and in 11 teeth where the formation of the apical barrier was considered to be complete. In the beginning o...
341 children, age 3 to 6, were examined for caries prevalence and oral hygiene in kindergardens in Göttingen. 59% of subjects had healthy natural dentitions, the DFS was 2.3, which was 40% lower than in a comparable study two years before. Oral health had improved differently in the various institutions. The mean DSF was between 1 and 5.1. Only 20%...
In schools for handicapped children in Göttingen 104 mentally and physically handicapped and 150 learning disabled pupils participated in an intensive care preventive program. Their teeth were examined before beginning the prevention, after 6 months, and subsequently at annual intervals. The examinations consisted of caries diagnosis and assessment...
669 school beginners and 739 fourth-year pupils in Göttingen were examined for caries prevalence and dental hygienic measures. 28% of first-year pupils examined had naturally healthy primary teeth; the average DFS was 6.8. Only 12% of the carious primary tooth surfaces had intact fillings. Carious defects in permanent teeth were restricted to sixth...
427 first grade pupils from primary schools in Göttingen participated in a selective, need-oriented preventive program. Following a clinical examination and an additional saliva test the children were assigned to three risk groups, according to the severity of the initial findings. Each group received preventive care of varying intensity. Two years...
Caries, periodontal disease, oral hygiene and treatment needs were assessed in a group of handicapped adults. The study group comprised 199 individuals aged 17-64 yr, most of whom were mentally subnormal. The mean DMFT values ranged from 17.4 in the 17-24-yr-old age group to 26.9 in the 55-64-yr-old age group. Tooth loss increased rapidly with adva...
A portable data recording system that works on the basis of a microcomputer has been developed. The main advantage of this system consists in the carrying out of checks for illogical and contradictory entries during the process of recording. False entries can immediately be corrected. The data are temporarily stored on disks. Subsequent to the comp...
An account is given of an intensive program of prophylaxis for orthodontic patients. In a first examination, of each patient, a specialist established the index of DMF-S, the index of Plaque afterQuigley andHein and the index of hemorrhage of the sulcus. Later on the patients were divided into a test group and a control group.
Before the beginning...
The Quigley-Hein Index was determined and knowledge of prophylactic treatment for caries was tested in 171 senior high school students between the ages of 15 and 17. The findings indicated that the knowledge of caries prophylaxis was good; oral hygiene however was found to be poor (mean Quigley-Hein Index: 3.1). The correlation between plaque index...
In den letzten Jahren wurde in Deutschland eine Verbesserung der Zahngesundheit bei Kindern und Jugendlichen beobach-tet. Wie die repräsentativen DAJ-Studien zeigten, gilt dieser Trend für das Milchgebiss nur eingeschränkt: Während in den Jahren 2000 bis 2004 in den meisten Bundesländern ein leich-ter Kariesrückgang oder eine Stagnation des Kariesb...
Die vorliegende Designstudie hat das Ziel, kindgerechte Produkte zu gestalten, die die "Zahnarztwelt" in den Kinderall-tag integrieren. Im Alltag von Kindern zwischen drei und sieben Jahren taucht das wichtige Thema Zahnpflege bereits in der Gruppenprophylaxe oder bei Besu-chen von niedergelassenen Zahnärzten auf. Darüber hinaus fehlt aber häufig e...