Klaus-P. Wilhelm

RiverView Consultancy

Zusammenfassung. Die Elastosis perforans serpiginosa ist eine seltene Erkrankung mit unterschiedlicher Ätiologie. Bei dem von uns vorgestellten 35jährigen Patienten wurde das Krankheitsbild durch die langjährige Einnahme des Chelatbildners D-Penicillamin induziert.

Background The purpose of this pilot study was to provide information about the washout‐dependent depletion of important skin components in the horny layer of the scalp. They were taken as markers for scalp drying effects of cosmetic cleansing products and were measured directly in vivo. Method In vivo confocal Raman spectroscopy was used to measu...

BACKGROUND: Current global trends and increasing consumer needs demand superior cosmetic product efficacies, requiring a constant evolution of test designs for product evaluation. Dexpanthenol (DEX) is broadly used for decades as ingredient in various cosmetic applications and thereby known for several proven functions [1], like increasing skin hyd...

Background Outdoor workers (OW) are highly exposed to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and thus at increased risk for developing skin cancer. An essential part of an overall strategy to reduce workplace UVR-exposure to OW’s skin is the usage of sunscreens. However, compliance with regular sunscreen usage seems to be low, as products are usually de...

Background Skin damage arising from pollutants in gaseous and particulate matter forms is mainly mediated by oxidative stress. The pollutants directly or indirectly generate free radicals on and in the skin, leading, for example, to MMP up-regulation and damage of collagen fibers. Antioxidants and chelators are used in anti-pollution cosmetics to r...

IntroductionAntivirals and occlusive lip patches are key treatments for cold sores. Additional therapeutic options, and validated methods to evaluate these, are needed.Methods This exploratory, double-blind, single-center study aimed to evaluate a novel lip patch containing the antiviral aciclovir (ACV) using noninvasive methods for measuring cold...

Background The treatment of facial erythema and subjective symptoms of rosacea patients remains challenging in clinical practice. Cosmeceuticals, care components containing active ingredients such as phytochemicals, play a growing role in treatment plans. However, well‐designed studies on their efficacy and limitations are widely missing. Objectiv...

Background: Xerostomia is associated with several diseases and is a side effect of certain drugs, resulting from reduced saliva secretion. Often, aged and sometimes younger people suffer from (idiopathic) xerostomia. Chewing gum and sucking pastilles may relieve symptoms of xerostomia by increasing the salivary flow rate due to the mechanical effe...

Objective: Skin health, skin appearance and skin beauty are influenced by collagen composition of the dermis. Natural aging affects the structural integrity of the collagen network, resulting in drier skin, wrinkle formation and reduced skin elasticity. Orally ingested hydrolyzed collagen reaches the skin tissue and exerts beneficial effects on hum...

Background In vivo confocal Raman spectroscopy (CRS) revealed a clear correlation of age and dermal water content, indicating increasing water content of the dermis with increasing age. This enhancement of water has been interpreted as an age‐dependent depletion, of proteins, mainly of collagen. Chronical sun exposure is known to destroy the collag...

Cellulite occurs in females and is a common condition of altered connective tissue matrix and increased adipogenicity with visible dimples and orange‐peel appearance on the skins surface. Whilst advancements in methods continue to help our understanding, attempts to correct the appearance of cellulite topically have yielded limited success. Various...

Objective During the development of cosmetic formulations, in vitro and in vivo methods are essential tools used to reliably assess the skin irritation potential of a product or ingredient. Epicutaneous patch testing (single and/or multiple application protocols) has long been used as an initial in vivo method to screen for possible skin irritation...

Cellulite occurs in females and is a common condition of altered connective tissue matrix and increased adipogenicity with visible dimples and orange‐peel appearance on the skins surface. Whilst advancements in methods continue to help our understanding, attempts to correct the appearance of cellulite topically have yielded limited success. Various...

The purpose of this randomized, placebo-controlled, triple-blind trial on 60 healthy female volunteers was to assess the cosmetic effects on skin quality of a food supplement containing special collagen peptides together with acerola extract, vitamin C, vitamin E, biotin, and zinc after an intake of 12 weeks (Elasten®, QUIRIS Healthcare, Germany)....

Background/aim: It was the aim to establish and validate in vivo confocal Raman spectroscopy for characterization of the lip barrier in conjunction with transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin capacitance assessments. For the first time in vivo, barrier-relevant components of the lip (derived, natural moisturizing factors (NMFs) and ceramides ar...

Objective Lip treatment products often incorporate oils and waxes in their formulations, and a desired outcome of their use is to prevent lip dryness and roughness as well as help to repair this condition. The objective of this study was to combine confocal Raman spectroscopy with skin capacitance (corneometry) and transepidermal water loss (closed...

Although a natural function of the skin, perspiration and the odor it produces is considered offensive in many cultures, and consequently products addressing this problem are in high demand. Antiperspirants and most deodorants are normally formulated with aluminum salts. However concerns over environmental safety, health and wellbeing are driving i...

Background/Aim The scope of this study was to utilize confocal Raman spectroscopy in the evaluation of the degree of non‐penetration into the viable skin layers of a paraffin and petrolatum‐based product for use in the intimate areas of the skin. The formulation was purposely designed with properties to prevent undesirable skin penetration. Method...

Investigation on the aged epidermal barrier function (pH, hydration, TEWL) and lipid bilayer (lipid lamellae, lipid ratio, FFA, CERs, CHOL).

Study on dry skin.

With the advancement of skin research today's consumer has increased access to an informed understanding of aging skin and its appendages, together with a plethora of targeted products to meet such needs. In recent years increased legislative demands for quality evidential claims support has led not only to the development and validation of clinica...

Objective The objective of this randomized clinical study was to assess the onset time of the whitening effect of a combined use of a nonabrasive, activator-containing toothpaste and a light emitting diode (LED) device, compared to that of the toothpaste alone. Materials and Methods A nonabrasive, activator-containing toothpaste was used twice dai...

Of all the natural functions of the skin, perspiration and its odorous consequences is one of the most lucrative challenges of the cosmetic industry, especially due to its social impact . Body odor and perspiration is deemed offensive in most cultures and cosmetic products to control this phenomenon are in high demand. The reduction of sweat and it...

The normal process of skin tissue repair following injury invariably results in visual scarring. It is well known that topical treatment with hydrophobic cosmetics high in silicone and mineral oil content can improve the appearance of scars as well as stretch marks or striae. However given lifestyle preferences of many cosmetic consumers towards na...

Objective: The normal process of skin tissue repair following injury invariably results in visual scarring. It is known that topical treatment with hydrophobic cosmetics high in silicone and mineral oil content can improve the appearance of scars and striae. Given lifestyle preferences of many cosmetic consumers towards so-called natural treatment...

Objective: Xerosis is a serious problem among the very old. It is a dermatological challenge caused by significant alterations in stratum corneum (SC) function and structure. Two negative changes in aged skin are: (i) the enhanced skin surface pH and (ii) the altered SC lipid content, composition and ordering. Methods: Therefore, we investigated...

Purpose: Two studies were conducted with a new topical panthenol-containing emollient (NTP-CE) to investigate the skin-moisturizing effect in healthy adults and tolerability in healthy infants. Methods: In Study 1 (N = 44), a single skin application of NTP-CE was performed followed by a 4-week twice-daily application. Skin hydration and stratum...

Background: The healing of wounds has always provided challenges for the medical community whether chronic or acute. Understanding the processes which enable wounds to heal is primarily carried out by the use of models, in vitro, animal and human. It is generally accepted that the use of human models offers the best opportunity to understand the f...

Purpose: Two randomized, intra-individual comparison studies were performed in healthy subjects to evaluate the skin moisturization and barrier restoration potential of a new topical panthenol-containing emollient (NTP-CE) (Study 1), and its effect on skin microflora (Study 2). Methods: In study 1 (N = 23), two skin areas, one challenged with 0....

Introduction Le phénomène de flush dans la rosacée, caractérisé par un érythème transitoire au niveau du visage, s’accompagne généralement d’une sensation de chaleur. Son absence de prévisibilité et sa fugacité le rendent difficile à étudier. L’objectif de ce travail est de présenter de nouveaux outils développés pour étudier le flush dans la rosac...

The impact of increasing age on body odor has become an important issue as our understanding of underlying skin changes in older people has increased. Therefore, cosmetic skin products especially for the needs of the elderly are of growing importance. This randomized single-blind crossover study assessed the deodorizing efficacy of two cosmetic pro...

The need for emollient therapy is evident from the wide incidence of dry skin within the population. There is, however, little knowledge about the effectiveness of different emollients in their ability to moisturize the skin. This study examined the efficacy of six different emollient products in a volunteer study that measured the following parame...

This book is a comprehensive but compact guide to the latest technical and technological developments in the growing field of non invasive diagnosis in clinical dermatology. Information is provided on the practical and technical characteristics of a wide range of equipment and methods for in vivo measurements that aid in the investigation of skin f...

Thickness measurement of the outermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum (SC), is essential for in-vivo measurement of the cutaneous bioavailability of topically applied drugs and cosmetics. Our aim was to compare SC thickness calculated from confocal Raman spectroscopy (CRS) data with results of SC thickness based on confocal laser scanning m...

Few studies have evaluated differences between rosacea subtypes in epidemiological associations and clinical features. The natural history of rosacea is unknown and progression between subtypes has been implied but not formally evaluated. To assess associations between the four rosacea subtypes [erythematotelangiectatic (ETR), papulopustular (PPR),...

This study evaluated the short term efficacy of tongue cleaning with meridol HALITOSIS tooth & tongue gel in comparison to mechanical tongue cleaning alone and untreated after five and 60 minutes in patients with an oral cause of bad breath. Fifty-four male and female subjects with an intra-oral cause of halitosis (organoleptic ratings > or = 2 and...

Manufacturers of consumer products consistently seek to improve marketed products in terms of both safety and efficacy. The desire for continued improvement is seen even in well-established products such as catamenial products which have existed in some form for thousands of years. A recent innovation in the design of menstrual pads is the addition...

Synopsis While sun protection factor ( SPF ) and UVA protection are the most important determinants of a cosmetic sunscreen product, water resistance is the third important feature. The C olipa in vivo method is the internationally accepted standard method to assess water resistance. It is time‐consuming and expensive. A screening method to quickly...

Objective: The short-term and overnight effect of three treatment regimens on oral halitosis were investigated: toothbrushing with a reference toothpaste, toothbrushing with reference toothpaste and tongue cleaning, and toothbrushing and tongue cleaning with a tooth-and-tongue gel. Method and materials: Fifty-four subjects meeting the inclusion...

Topical application of dexpanthenol is widely used in clinical practice for the improvement of wound healing. Previous in vitro experiments identified a stimulatory effect of pantothenate on migration, proliferation and gene regulation in cultured human dermal fibroblasts. To correlate these in vitro findings with the more complex in vivo situation...

Chronic wounds require frequent dressing changes. Adhesive dressings used for this indication can be damaging to the stratum corneum, particularly in the elderly where the skin tends to be thinner. Understanding the level of damage caused by dressing removal can aid dressing selection. This study used a novel methodology that applied a stain to the...

Background: Skin stripping and impairment of the skin's function as a barrier are adverse effects that can be a consequence of the adhesives in wound dressings. Aim: To determine the best performing wound dressing in terms of skin protection without trauma. Method: Healthy volunteers had Mepitel® Film (Mölnlycke Health Care), Tegaderm® (3M®) and Du...

Therapy of atopic dermatitis encloses use of medicated and nonmedicated preparations. Results of clinical and biophysical procedures indirectly describe the condition of the impaired skin barrier (SB). Direct evaluation of SB integrity is only possible by electron microscopical visualization, e.g. intercellular lipid lamellae (ICLL) organization of...

Apertured polyethylene films (AF) have been used as a surface for sanitary pads for decades because they are compatible with the skin and keep the pad surface drier. A modified film (AF-plus) with improved fluid handling and a smoother, suppler texture has been developed. We hypothesized that these changes would improve both performance and skin co...

Diverse options are available for the treatment of acne. Topical therapy is standard, especially in cases of mild to moderate acne, while the current treatments for acne vulgaris are topical keratolytics and topical antibiotics. Tolerability is a critical factor in patient compliance with topical acne therapies. The simultaneous use of more than on...

This study looks at six different modern wound dressings to investigate how likely they are to cause skin stripping and impairment of the skin's barrier function. Healthy volunteers had each dressing applied, removed and reapplied to the skin on their back over the study period of 15 days. Skin barrier function was investigated using the amount of...

Non invasive in vivo methods are presented to assess age dependent changes in the different layers of the skin. Measurement of epidermal thickness parameters and papillary index by use of confocal reflectance microscopy are explained as well as the count of capillary loops, a parameter to assess age dependent skin nutrition. To assess photo aging o...

This study aimed to compare a new chlorhexidine (CHX)-free mouthrinse containing amine fluoride/stannous fluoride (ASF) against a benchmark containing CHX with respect to their effect on oral malodour after single use. A total of 42 male and female subjects with an intraoral cause of bad breath, each with an organoleptic rating (OR) of at least 2 a...

Objective: Investigation of clinical anti-malodour efficacy of experimental toothpaste containing amine fluoride/stannous fluoride (ASF; 1400 ppm F-), zinc lactate (0.2%) and oral malodour counteractives (OMC) in treatment of halitosis compared to reference toothpaste containing sodium monofluorophosphate (1400 ppm F-) Methods: 220 male and femal...

Objective: Comparison of clinical anti-malodour efficacy of three different regimes: A. Tooth brushing with tooth- and tongue gel (TTG) and tongue cleaning with TTG, B. Tooth brushing with reference toothpaste and tongue cleaning without product application, C. Tooth brushing with reference toothpaste. Methods: 54 male and female volunteers with...

Development of cosmetic products and household detergents necessitates comparative study designs to assess the skin tolerance of products. In initial tests, the epicutaneous patch test for irritation is widely used. This study was conducted to develop a protocol that would facilitate a comparison of results obtained when tests are conducted by diff...

Preterm infants have an immature and deficient cutaneous permeability barrier compared to term infants [1–3]. This has been demonstrated by increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and percutaneous penetration of topical compounds. The skin barrier matures significantly during the first few weeks of life and continues through the first year. Niko...

IFSCC Magazine, 12 (2009) (1) 9–15 Measurement of water concentration profiles across living human skin by confocal Raman spectroscopy has developed into a powerful tool for a better understanding of distribution and function of water in the epidermis. From the water profile across the epidermis the border between stratum corneum and stratum granul...

The present study was conducted to assess the efficacy of a new mouthrinse formulation in reducing oral malodour compared to that of commercially available products containing chlorhexidine (CHX) and a negative control. 174 healthy volunteers, each with an organoleptic score of at least 2 and an H(2)S level as part of the volatile sulfur compounds...

To compare the efficacy and safety of a polyurethane dressing with a silicone sheet in the treatment of hypertrophic scars. Sixty patients participated in this intra-individual 12-week clinical trial. Each scar was divided into two areas, to which the polyurethane dressing and the silicone sheet were randomly allocated. The primary outcome measure...

Sunscreen efficacy is currently evaluated by the estimation of the sun protection factor (SPF). Our objective was to determine the role of the p53 labeling index in assessing the effectiveness of a sunscreen in the prevention of UV-induced DNA damage. A broad-spectrum sunscreen (SPF15) was applied to two of four test areas on the backs of 20 volunt...

Synopsis The ageing process is noticeable within all organs of the body and manifests itself visibly in the skin. Skin ageing is influenced by several factors including genetics, environmental exposure, hormonal changes and metabolic processes. Together these factors lead to cumulative alterations of skin structure, function and appearance. The fun...

Synopsis With the advancement of skin research, today’s consumer has increased access to technological information about ageing skin and hair care products. As a result, there is a rapidly increasing demand for proof of efficacy of these products. Recognizing these demands has led to the development and validation of many clinical methods to measur...

Background: The majority of women suffer from the unattractive sight of dimpling skin on the thighs and buttocks, globally known as cellulite. Cellulite can be regarded as the most investigated non‐disease, because, from the cosmetic viewpoint, most women desire a reduction in cellulite severity. Despite investigations made, cellulite is still not...

The efficacy of antiperspirants is a current topic among the developers of cosmetic products. According to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the US market, efficacy testing performed in the axilla of human volunteers is mandatory. Another method is yet available, which enables comparison of more than one antiperspirant formula in a single...

Melasma is a common pigmentation disorder having considerable effect on patients' emotional and psychological well-being. Assessment of efficacy and tolerability of a new face care product for the targeted spot treatment of darker pigmented areas in subjects with melasma and evaluation of effects on patients' quality of life. Twenty subjects with m...

In the field of consumer-used cosmetics for hair removal and hair growth reduction, there is a need for improved quantitative methods to enable the evaluation of efficacy and claim support. Optimized study designs and investigated endpoints are lacking to compare the efficacy of standard methods, like shaving or plucking, with new methods and produ...

Due to the impact of superantigens in pathogenesis of the atopic dermatitis antimicrobial action is playing an important role in its therapy. Positive clinical data are already reported for silver containing textiles. Goal of the study: Evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of a new micro silver containing skin care product. Methods: 23 adult...

Statistical methodology has become an increasingly important topic in dermatological research. Adequacy of the statistical procedure depends among others on distributional assumptions. In dermatological articles, the choice between parametric and nonparametric methods is often based on preliminary goodness-of-fit tests. For the special case of the...

Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) is an important parameter for the determination of skin barrier function. The open chamber method has been established as the technique of choice in most dermatological laboratories for measurements of TEWL. However, the influence of the probe temperature on TEWL measurements has been the subject of recent controver...

Background/Aims: Mildness of skin cleansing products is often claimed although difficult to substantiate. Both the society and the producer share a common interest that cleansing products are safe in use and that valid methods are used for premarketing evaluation of new products. The object of the present study was to evaluate methodological aspect...

Claim support for cosmetic products has to be based on scientific evidence. In cases where optical parameters of the skin have to be assessed, sophisticated image analysis techniques are paramount. This does not mean that only computerized image analysis leads to scientifically sound results. When used correctly the human eye is also a marvelous im...

Presented in part at the 23rd IFSCC Congress, Orlando, Florida, October 2004.

Alcohol-based hand rubs are used frequently in healthcare settings, but their tolerance among atopic subjects is unknown. The dermal tolerance to five alcohol-based hand rubs was assessed among atopic and non-atopic subjects in a repetitive occlusive patch test. In total, 54 subjects were analysed. One half of the subjects were atopic (modified Erl...

Spanning the many advancements that have taken place in the field since the First Edition of this book was published, this Second Edition emphasizes the imaging of the skin in its entirety, rather than focusing solely on surface layers. The Second Edition includes new chapters on technologies such as in vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy, Rama...

There is little coherency or consistency within the scientific literature as to the manifestation of so-called cellulite which is neither a skin disorder, disease, nor a tissue dystrophy (1-11). It is an inevitable reality of the genetic makeup of the female human species interlinked with steroid hormones and external influences. Cellulite (Fig. 1)...

The objective of this study is to determine the effect of emollients in a propanol-based hand rub on skin dryness and erythema. In this prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind trial, 35 subjects participated; of them approximately half were atopic (modified Erlanger atopy score > or =8). 2 propanol-based formulations were tested in a repe...