Kirsty E Kliem

Kirsty E Kliem
University of Reading · School of Agriculture, Policy and Development

About

84
Publications
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Publications

Publications (84)
Article
Full-text available
This study investigated the effects of different protein sources on feed intake, nutrient, and energy utilization, growth performance, and enteric methane (CH4) emissions in growing beef cattle, also evaluated against a pasture-based diet. Thirty-two Holstein × Angus growing beef were allocated to four dietary treatments: a total mixed ration (TMR)...
Article
Full-text available
Soyabean is considered an unsustainable protein source for livestock feeds because of the large quantity of input and energy required to cultivate and process it. Other protein-based agro-industrial co-products that are less input-intensive, can mitigate methane (CH4) production and may therefore be more sustainable options instead soyabean. The ob...
Article
Full-text available
Purpose Longer-term intake of fatty acid (FA)-modified dairy products (SFA-reduced, MUFA-enriched) was reported to attenuate postprandial endothelial function in humans, relative to conventional (control) dairy. Thus, we performed an in vitro study in human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) to investigate mechanisms underlying the effects observed in...
Article
Full-text available
Methane (CH4) emission from enteric fermentation of ruminant livestock is a source of greenhouse gases (GHG) and has become a significant concern for global warming. Methane emission is also associated with poor feed efficiency. Therefore, research has focused on identifying dietary mitigation strategies to decrease CH4 emissions from ruminants. In...
Article
Selenium (Se) plays a crucial role in protecting biological materials from oxidative damage through the action of the selenoprotein glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and the effectiveness of this protection is often dependent upon Se supply. Recent evidence has indicated that GSH-Px mRNA expression can be upregulated in response to potential oxidati...
Article
Full-text available
Background Longer-term consumption of saturated fatty acid (SFA)-reduced, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)-enriched dairy products have been reported to improve fasting flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD). Yet, their impact on endothelial function in the postprandial state warrants investigation. Objectives To compare the impact of a fatty acid (FA)...
Article
The popularity of plant-based dairy alternatives (PBDAs) products has grown exponentially in recent years creating a new market of PBDA. The aim of this study was to compare the nutritional content of plant-based alternatives of milk, yogurt and cheese with dairy equivalents and the impact on nutritional intake across the lifespan when they are sub...
Article
Full-text available
Background Chronic consumption of dairy products with an SFA-reduced, MUFA-enriched content was shown to impact favorably on brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD). However, their acute effect on postprandial cardiometabolic risk biomarkers requires investigation. Objective The effects of sequential high-fat mixed meals rich in fatty acid...
Article
The aims of the study were to determine the long-term effects of dietary supplementation with microalgae (SCIM) on milk and blood fatty acid (FA) composition and reproductive hormones in early lactation dairy cows. Sixty Holstein–Friesian dairy cows (30 per treatment) were unsupplemented (Control) or supplemented with 100 g of SCIM ( Schizochytrium...
Article
Full-text available
Background: Modifying dairy fat composition by increasing the MUFA content is a potential strategy to reduce dietary SFA intake for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention in the population. Objectives: To determine the effects of consuming SFA-reduced, MUFA-enriched (modified) dairy products, compared with conventional dairy products (control),...
Chapter
This chapter describes the association between dietary fatty acids that are commonly found in dairy products and human cardiometabolic health. It discusses how saturated fatty acids in dairy milk can be partially replaced with unsaturated fatty acids through supplementation of the cow's diet with plant oils/oilseeds and fish oils. Since the dietary...
Article
This study investigated the effect of UK dairy production system, month, and their interaction, on retail milk fatty acid (FA) profile throughout the year. Milk samples (n = 120) from four conventional (CON), four organic (ORG) and two free-range (FR) brands were collected monthly. ORG milk had more nutritionally-desirable polyunsaturated FA, inclu...
Article
Isoenergetic replacement of dietary saturated fatty acids (SFA) with cis-monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) can reduce cardiovascular disease risk. Supplementing dairy cow diets with plant oils lowers milk fat SFA concentrations. However, this feeding strategy can also increase milk fat trans fatty acids (FA)...
Article
Lactating cow diets were supplemented with high‐oleic acid sunflower oil over two production periods spanning two years, to modify the milk fat, partially replacing saturated fatty acids with cis‐monounsaturated fatty acids. The resulting milk was used for ultrahigh‐temperature milk, butter and Cheddar cheese production, and fatty acid profiles wer...
Article
Full-text available
It is known that supplementing dairy cow diets with full-fat oilseeds can be used as a strategy to mitigate methane emissions, through their action on rumen fermentation. However, direct comparisons of the effect of different oil sources are very few, as are studies implementing supplementation levels that reflect what is commonly fed on commercial...
Article
Full-text available
BACKGROUND Including forage legumes in dairy systems can help address increasing environmental/economic concerns about perennial ryegrass monoculture pastures. This work investigated the effect of substituting fresh-cut grass with increasing quantities of fresh-cut white clover (WC) on milk fatty acid (FA) profile and transfer efficiency of dietary...
Article
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The effect of botanical diversity on supply of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to ruminants in vitro , and the fatty acid (FA) composition of muscle in lambs was investigated. Six plant species, commonly grown as part of UK herbal ley mixtures ( Trifolium pratense , Lotus corniculatus , Achillea millefolium , Centaurea nigra , Plantago lanceolat...
Article
Milk enriched with vitamin D by supplementing dairy cow diets could provide a valuable dietary source of vitamin D, but information on the feasibility of this approach is limited. In the current study, the effects of supplementing dairy cows with either vitamin D3 or 25(OH) D3 over the transition/early lactation period on plasma and milk vitamin D...
Article
Full-text available
A comparison of chronic consumption of dairy products varying in fatty acid composition on postprandial biomarkers of endothelial function: Results from the RESET study - Volume 76 Issue OCE4 - D. Vasilopoulou, O. Markey, C.C. Fagan, K.E. Kliem, S. Todd, D.J. Humphries, K.G. Jackson, D.I. Givens, J.A. Lovegrove
Article
As part of “Rumen-Up”, an EU Framework 5 project, a total of 500 plants and plant extracts were screened in vitro for their effect on general rumen fermentation parameters, in particular their ability to influence microbial protein production, protozoal numbers, methane production, bloat and acidosis. Many of the plants investigated were found to h...
Article
Rhinanthus minor is a facultative hemiparasitic plant of the Scrophulariaceae family native to the British Isles. It is typically found in meadows associated with a high floristic diversity, but it can also be found in pasture, where it is susceptible to heavy grazing. Containing the iridoid glycoside rhinanthin (C 29 H 52 O 20 ), R. minor is stron...
Article
Milk and dairy products are the major source of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in the European diet and there is evidence that replacing SFA with cis -monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) will improve risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Rapeseed in dairy cow diets simultaneously reduces milk SFA and increases cis -MUFA, but also increases milk tran...
Article
Agriculture-based reformulation initiatives, including oleic acid–rich lipid supplementation of the dairy cow diet, provide a novel means for reducing intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) at a population level. In a blinded manner, this study evaluated the consumer acceptance of SFA-reduced, monounsaturated fatty acid–enriched (modified) milk, Che...
Article
Impact of chronic consumption of dairy products varying in fatty acid composition on postprandial lipid responses: preliminary insights from the RESET study - Volume 76 Issue OCE2 - O. Markey, D. Vasilopoulou, C.C. Fagan, K.E. Kliem, S. Todd, D.J. Humphries, K.G. Jackson, D.I. Givens, J.A. Lovegrove
Article
The objective of this study was to investigate whether higher lucerne (Medicago sativa; alfalfa) silage inclusion rate and longer lucerne chop length improves rumen function through increased provision of physically effective fiber, when included in a maize and lucerne silage-based total mixed ration. Diets were formulated to contain a 50:50 forage...
Article
Full-text available
Background Dairy products are a major contributor to dietary SFA. Partial replacement of milk SFA with unsaturated fatty acids (FAs) is possible through oleic-acid rich supplementation of the dairy cow diet. To assess adherence to the intervention of SFA-reduced, MUFA-enriched dairy product consumption in the RESET (REplacement of SaturatEd fat in...
Article
\textbf{Background:}$ Dairy products are a major contributor to dietary SFA. Partial replacement of milk SFA with unsaturated fatty acids (FAs) is possible through oleic-acid rich supplementation of the dairy cow diet. To assess adherence to the intervention of SFA-reduced, MUFA-enriched dairy product consumption in the RESET (REplacement of Satura...
Article
div class="title">Chronic consumption of conventional and saturated-fat reduced dairy products have differential effects on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in adults at moderate cardiovascular disease risk - Volume 75 Issue OCE3 - D. Vasilopoulou, O. Markey, C.C. Fagan, K.E. Kliem, D.J. Humphries, K.G. Jackson, S. Todd, D.I. Givens, J.A....
Article
Full-text available
div class="title">Impact of fatty acid-modified dairy product consumption on arterial stiffness and ambulatory blood pressure: results from the RESET study - Volume 75 Issue OCE3 - O. Markey, D. Vasilopoulou, C.C. Fagan, K.E. Kliem, S. Todd, D.J. Humphries, K.G. Jackson, D.I. Givens, J.A. Lovegrove
Article
Full-text available
The vitamin D content of eggs from three retail outlets was measured over five months to examine the effects of production system (organic vs. free range vs. indoor), supermarket and purchase date on the concentration of vitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. Results demonstrated a higher vitamin D3 concentration in free range (57.2±3.1 μg/kg) and or...
Article
Full-text available
Supplementing dairy cow diets with oilseed preparations has been shown to replace milk saturated fatty acids (SFA) with mono- and/or polyunsaturated fatty acids (MUFA, PUFA), which may reduce risk factors associated with cardio-metabolic diseases in humans consuming milk and dairy products. Previous studies demonstrating this are largely detailed,...
Article
Public health policies recommend a population wide decrease in the consumption of saturated fatty acids (SFA) to lower the incidence of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. In most developed countries, milk and dairy products are the major source of SFA in the human diet. Altering milk fat composition offers the opportunity to lower the consumpti...
Research
Full-text available
The recommendation to reduce saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake to <10% of total energy is a key public health strategy aimed at reducing the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Since this dietary target is still exceeded by the majority of the UK population, there is an urgent need to find novel approaches for reducing SFA intake. Natural alter...
Article
This study compared fat and fatty acids in cooked retail chicken meat from conventional and organic systems. Fat contents were 1.7, 5.2, 7.1 and 12.9g/100g cooked weight in skinless breast, breast with skin, skinless leg and leg with skin respectively, with organic meat containing less fat overall (P<0.01). Meat was rich in cis-monounsaturated fatt...
Article
Full-text available
There is an urgent need to focus on modifiable risk factors for CVD, including a high intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA). Milk and dairy products (excluding butter) contribute 22–25% of mean daily intake of SFA in UK adults (1). One strategy for reducing SFA intake is removal or reduction of dairy intake. However, manipulation of the fatty acid...
Article
Full-text available
Replacing dietary grass silage (GS) with maize silage (MS) and dietary fat supplements may reduce milk concentration of specific saturated fatty acids (SFA) and can reduce methane production by dairy cows. The present study investigated the effect of feeding an extruded linseed supplement on milk fatty acid (FA) composition and methane production o...
Article
Full-text available
In most Western countries, saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake exceeds recommended levels, which is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). As milk and dairy products are major contributors to SFA intake in many countries, recent research has focused on sustainable methods of producing milk with a lower saturated fat concentration...
Article
Full-text available
Based on potential benefits to human health, there is increasing interest in altering the composition of ruminant-derived foods. Including rapeseeds in the dairy cow diet is an effective strategy for replacing medium-chain saturated fatty acids (SFA) with cis-monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in bovine milk, but there is limited information on the...
Article
Full-text available
Milk is a complex and complete food containing an array of essential nutrients that contribute toward a healthy, balanced diet. Numerous epidemiological studies have revealed that high consumption of milk and dairy products may have protective effects against coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, diabetes, certain cancers (such as colorectal and bl...
Article
This chapter compares the risks of chronic disease, and cardiovascular disease in particular, associated with consumption of different saturated fatty acids. Emphasis is placed on the effects of stearic acid as this has potential to replace trans fatty acids in certain manufactured food products. The chapter first reviews the effects of individual...
Article
Effects of feeding Chrysanthemum coronarium flowers to lactating dairy cows on milk fatty acid composition - Volume 1 Issue 1 - D J Humphries, R J Wallace, K J Shingfield, K E Kliem, C K Reynolds
Article
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Clinical and biomedical studies have provided evidence for the critical role of n-3 fatty acids on the reduction of chronic disease risk in humans, including cardiovascular disease. In the current experiment, the potential to enhance milk n-3 content in two breeds with inherent genetic differences in mammary lipogenesis and de novo fatty acid synth...
Article
Epidemiological evidence suggests high milk consumption protects against certain chronic diseases, and yet the high saturated fatty acid (SFA) concentration of milk fat has lead to research into reducing SFA and trans- fatty acid content, and enhancing conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content. The most successful method of reducing SFA content is by...
Article
Full-text available
Inclusion of rapeseed feeds in dairy cow diets has the potential to reduce milk fat saturated fatty acid (SFA) and increase cis-monounsaturated fatty acid (cis-MUFA) content, but effectiveness may depend on the form in which the rapeseed is presented. Four mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows were allocated to four maize silage-based dietary treatment...
Article
A total of 133 samples (53 fermented unprocessed, 18 fermented processed, 62 urea-treated processed) of whole crop wheat (WCW) and 16 samples (five fermented unprocessed, six fermented processed, five urea-treated processed) of whole crop barley (WCB) were collected from commercial farms over two consecutive years (2003/2004 and 2004/2005). Disrupt...
Article
Full-text available
Even though extensive research has examined the role of nutrition on milk fat composition, there is less information on the impact of forages on milk fatty acid (FA) composition. In the current study, the effect of replacing grass silage (GS) with maize silage (MS) as part of a total mixed ration on animal performance and milk FA composition was ex...
Article
Agricultural policy liberalisation, concern about unhealthy diets and growing recognition of the importance of sustainable land use have fostered interest in the development of competitive food chains based around products that are beneficial to the rural environment. We review the potential for foods with enhanced health attributes based on altern...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Concern over diet-health relationships has moved to the forefront of public health concerns in the UK and much of the developed world. It has been estimated, for example, that obesity costs the UK National Health Service up to £6b per year (Rayner and Scarborough, 2005), but if all consumers were to follow recommended healthy eating guidelines ther...
Article
It is considered that consumption of very long chain (VLC, carbon chain length ⩾20) n-3 PUFAs in most Western populations is sub-optimal and benefits in relation to chronic disease would be gained from increased consumption. This review examines the current contribution that meat makes to dietary intake of VLC n-3 PUFA and given its current low con...
Article
This review considers microbial inocula used in in vitro systems from the perspective of their ability to degrade or ferment a particular substrate, rather than the microbial species that it contains. By necessity, this required an examination of bacterial, protozoal and fungal populations of the rumen and hindgut with respect to factors influencin...
Article
The requirement to rapidly and efficiently evaluate ruminant feedstuffs places increased emphasis on in vitro systems. However, despite the developmental work undertaken and widespread application of such techniques, little attention has been paid to the incubation medium. Considerable research using in vitro systems is conducted in resource-poor d...
Article
Current gas-based in vitro evaluation systems are extremely powerful research techniques. However they have the potential to generate a great deal more than simple fermentation dynamics. Details from four experiments are presented in which adaptation, and novel application, of an in vitro system allowed widely differing objectives to be examined. I...
Article
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The present study investigated whether consuming dairy products naturally enriched in cis-9, trans-11 (c9,t11) conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) by modification of cattle feed increases the concentration of this isomer in plasma and cellular lipids in healthy men. The study had a double-blind cross-over design. Subjects aged 34-60 years consumed dairy...
Article
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Milk from dairy cows never known to have had an intramammary infection with Streptococcus uberis can inhibit growth of Str. uberis for up to 7 h. This inhibition is abolished if milk is heated to 80 degrees C. Inhibition appears not to be related to immune defences as it occurs in skimmed milk (cell free), is unrelated to the concentration of immun...
Article
Full-text available
Antibiotic regimens (intramammary antibiotic, penicillin-based parenteral treatment) and intramuscular oxytocin were tested for effectiveness against experimental infection by Streptococcus uberis with the following results from 54 animals: a) no treatment led to deterioration of infected quarters, requiring intervention within 48 h for cow health;...

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