Kirsten Svenja Wiebe

SINTEF | Stiftelsen for industriell og teknisk forskning · Department of Sustainable Energy Technology - Operations Research and Economics

The amount of carbon embedded in the final consumption of goods and services in a country or region depends on the amount of goods and services consumed and the emission intensity of the production processes along global production chains. A reduction of consumption-based emissions can be achieved from both sides, a reduction in total consumption a...

The global resource accounting model (GRAM), which is based on OECD input–output and bilateral trade data, is a multi-regional input–output model covering 53 countries and 2 regions. What differentiates GRAM from other state-of-the-art models in this field is that it does not use a matrix balancing technique, such as RAS, after the initial construc...

Production in emerging economies, such as Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, and Argentina (BRICSA), increased substantially over the past two decades. This is, on the one hand, due to growing domestic demand within these countries, and, on the other hand, due to a deepened international division of work. Global trade linkages have become...

This paper introduces the renewable power generation module, which complements large scale macro-econometric input–output models by introducing technological change endogenously into the model. So far, technological change in renewable power generation technologies is either set exogenously (autonomous energy improving technological change) or pric...

This paper brings together the debate on economic impacts of renewable energy (RE) deployment and the discussion on modelling endogenous technological change on the global markets for the different renewable power generation technologies. Economic impacts of RE deployment are still mostly discussed on national level, where different effects have be...

This paper responds to recent calls to address the indivisible nature of the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) framework and the related knowledge gap on how SDG targets interlink with each other. It examines how SDG targets interact in the context of a specific technology, point of care (PoC) microfluidics, and how this relates to the concept of...

The growing attention to the political goal of achieving net-zero emissions by mid-century reflects past failures to alter the trajectory of GHG emissions. As a consequence the world now needs to decarbonize all economic sectors at unprecedented pace. This commentary discusses how the net-zero challenge presents transition scholarship with four enh...

A more circular economy aims to reduce global material consumption, make the most out of our resources, and create a more sustainable economic system. In this paper, we analyze how different circular economy actions in Norway affect indicators in the three pillars of sustainable development: economic prosperity (measured by value added), social equ...

This viewpoint identifies three interrelated transition imperatives to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050 – increasing the speed, scope and level of decarbonization. First, the urgency of climate action places temporality and radically accelerated sociotechnical change at the heart of the net-zero 2050 challenge. Second, the net-zero challenge impl...

The objective of this study is to investigate the value creation potential and the employment effects for the offshore wind engineering, procurement, construction and installation (EPCI) sector in Norway up to 2030 considering multiple scenarios. We perform our analysis using a macro-econometric input-output model that allows to observe how changes...

Trade is appreciated as a powerful path toward economic growth and poverty alleviation. However, it can also provide a loophole that displaces emissions and climate mitigation. This Voices asks, where are the opportunities to close the carbon loophole and facilitate sustainable and fair trade?

The recently proposed Green Deals and ‘building back better’ plans have affirmed the importance to make green transitions inclusive. This is particularly related to the labour market, which may witness significant changes. Empirically, this issue has until now received limited attention. The links between poverty and climate change are explored mai...

The scale and patterns of household consumption are important determinants of environmental impacts. Whilst affluence has been shown to have a strong correlation with environmental impact, they do not necessarily grow at the same rate. Given the apparent contradiction between the sustainable development goals of economic growth and environmental pr...

Multiregional input–output (MRIO) databases are used to analyze the impact of resource use and environmental impacts along global supply chains. To accurately account for pressures and impacts that are highly concentrated in specific sectors or regions of the world, such as agricultural and land-use-related impacts, MRIO databases are being fueled...

Free download (first 50 in 2019): https://pubs.acs.org/articlesonrequest/AOR-NSPjwduNHHycjc9f3uU9 In a resource-constrained world of an estimated 10 billion people in 2050 with the same material aspirations of today’s high-income nations there is no question: The future economy will need to be circular. From a policy perspective, the question is...

Résumé L'Accord de Paris fixe pour objectif de limiter le réchauffement climatique à 2 °C. Il faudra pour cela accroître la part des énergies renouvelables et améliorer l'efficacité énergétique. Une telle transition énergétique aura des répercussions sur l'ensemble de l'économie, y compris en matière d'emploi. Les auteurs cherchent à mesurer cet ef...

Resumen El Acuerdo de París establece el objetivo de mantener el calentamiento global por debajo de los 2 °C a partir de los niveles preindustriales. Ello puede lograrse aumentando la proporción de energías renovables y la eficiencia energética, lo que implica una transformación del sector energético que tendrá un efecto en cadena en otros sectores...

The Paris Agreement lays out the objective of keeping global warming below 2 °C. The goal can be achieved by increasing both the share of renewables in the energy mix and energy efficiency. Such action entails a transformation of the energy sector, which, given its linkages with the rest of the economy, will have a knock‐on effect on other sectors....

The environmental and social consequences of clearing tropical forests for palm oil and soybean monoculture have been analyzed in a number of studies and are widely recognized. Some initiatives and studies have examined portions of the supply chain from the perspective of individual companies and stages in the supply chain. We complement this work...

The Swedish generational goal is a unique initiative governing all Swedish environmental policy, aiming at solving all major domestic environmental problems for the next generation without increasing environmental damage abroad. Without a good understanding of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from Swedish consumption, the formulation of efficient and...

After the publication of various multi-regional input–output (MRIO) databases over the past years and related environmental and socio-economic footprint analyses, the interest in these global value chain analyses is ever increasing. In order to provide forward-looking analysis of policy impacts, it is necessary to take MRIO data one step further, p...

(Accepted for publication at Journal of Cleaner Production) Data on consumption-based CO2 emissions has become increasingly available over the past years. These data raise the awareness of the link between final goods and the environmental pollution caused by upstream production processes. Consumers of final products learn where in the world CO2 wa...

Abstract Using multi-regional input-output analysis, this chapter shows that the OECD countries would only need to spend about 0.36% more on final demand to ensure all workers’ earnings are at least as high as the international poverty line. Due to missing data for about 70 countries and the fact that the data only covers the workers and not their...

Poster showing combined results from Wiebe and Lutz (2016) Endogenous technological change and the policy mix in renewable power generation, 2016, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews Wiebe (2016) The impact of renewable energy diffusion on European consumption-based emissions, Economic Systems Research

Two major approaches for calculating consumption-based carbon emissions can be distinguished: top-down approaches, in the form of multi-regional input-output (MRIO) models, and bottom-up approaches, in the form of life cycle assessment (LCA). Both approaches have pros and cons and are very data-intensive. Several MRIO databases have been developed...

Ökonomische Simulations- und Prognosemodelle werden in vielfältiger Weise zur Wirkungsanalyse auch im Umwelt- und Energiebereich eingesetzt. Sowohl bei der Wirkungsabschätzung einzelner Instrumente, etwa einer Steuer oder eines Fördermechanismus, als auch für die Abschätzung der Auswirkung von Ereignissen wie Material- und Ressourcenknappheiten kom...

This paper brings together the debate on economic impacts of renewable energy (RE) deployment and the discussion on modelling endogenous technological change on the global markets for the different renewable power generation technologies. Economic impacts of RE deployment are still mostly discussed on national level, where different effects have be...

Assuming that global oil production peaked, this paper uses scenario analysis to show the economic effects of a possible supply shortage and corresponding rise in oil prices in the next decade on different sectors in Germany and other major economies such as the US, Japan, China, the OPEC or Russia. Due to the price-inelasticity of oil demand the s...

Production and consumption activities in industrialized countries are increasingly dependent on material and energy resources from other world regions and imply significant economic and environmental consequences in other regions around the world. The substitution of domestic material extraction and processing through imports is also shifting envir...

Sustainable development is multi-dimensional in multiple dimensions: time, location and aspects of life. This work has developed and applied di�fferent quantitative economic methods to comprehensively analyze the interdependencies between different aspects of development: living standards/income, education and health. The short answer to the main r...

The Global Resource Accounting Model (GRAM) is an environmentally-extended multi-regional input–output model, covering 48 sectors in 53 countries and two regions. Next to CO2 emissions, GRAM also includes different resource categories. Using GRAM, we are able to estimate the amount of carbon emissions embodied in international trade for each year b...

Science-based policy analysis becomes increasingly important in the globalised world. Complex economic and social structures need to be thoroughly analysed and direct and indirect effects of policy measures should be identified and, if possible, quantified. Economic policy modelling has a long tradition (Almon, 1991) and economic models have over t...

ETRs have been implemented in several of the old EU member states, such as Denmark, Germany, Finland, Netherlands, Sweden, and the UK. This chapter very briefly identifies the key characteristics of these green tax reform packages, with a special focus on Germany and the UK. Recent years have seen a growth in support for ETRs in the new EU member s...

The paper at hand presents results of a model-based scenario analysis on the economic implications in the next decade of an oil peak today and significantly decreasing oil production in the coming years. For that the extraction paths of oil and other fossil fuels given in LBST (2010) are implemented in the global macroeconomic model GINFORS. Additi...

Two events currently preoccupy global news: the political unrest in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and the earthquake, tsunami and nuclear catastrophe in Japan. Both events are very different in its nature and location, but they not only affect economic developments within these countries but also across the world. In the current paper, th...

Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are a major cause of climate change. Policies in the OECD countries aimed at the reduction of nationally produced CO2 emissions may result in the relocation of emission intensive industries into countries with less stringent policies. This relocation often not only leads to a simple relocation of emissions, bu...

The problem whether resource productive sectors perform better than other sectors is similar but not the exact same problem as the one underlying the Porter hypothesis. One could say that it is the second step in the Porter argumentation, since for being resource productive the innovations following (environmental) regulations must already have sta...

This paper applies the CORR method of complementarity/substitutability theory from rm productivity analysis to complementarities between dierent Millen- nium Development Goals (MDG) indicators. For that we use data for eight MDG indicators from the 15 Southern African Development Community countries. We nd that there are signicant complementarities...

This paper analyzes world-wide macroeconomic implications of different post-Kyoto agreements and participation in emission trading schemes (ETS). The policy scenarios are based on the Copenhagen Accord, assuming that the EU completely implements its climate and energy package until 2020. For this, a detailed optimization model of European power gen...

Large-scale economic models for analyzing climate change mitigation policies still lack a common concept of adequately addressing technological change, which is one major driver for differences in results. Price instruments fall into the category of policy measures that induce technical change. However, in these models revenues from environmental t...