Kimberly L Ray

University of Texas at Austin | UT · Department of Psychology

An increasingly large number of neuroimaging studies have investigated functionally connected networks during rest, providing insight into human brain architecture. Assessment of the functional qualities of resting state networks has been limited by the task-independent state, which results in an inability to relate these networks to specific menta...

Independent component analysis (ICA) has become a widely used method for extracting functional networks in the brain during rest and task. Historically, preferred ICA dimensionality has widely varied within the neuroimaging community, but typically varies between 20 and 100 components. This can be problematic when comparing results across multiple...

Cognitive control is a cognitive and neural mechanism that contributes to managing the complex demands of day-to-day life. Studies have suggested that functional impairments in cognitive control associated brain circuitry contribute to a broad range of higher cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. To examine this issue, we assessed functional connect...

Higher cognitive functioning is supported by adaptive reconfiguration of large-scale functional brain networks. Cognitive control (CC), which plays a vital role in flexibly guiding cognition and behavior in accordance with our goals, supports a range of executive functions via distributed brain networks. These networks process information dynamical...

Cognitive control (CC) is a set of processes that organize, plan, and inhibit actions through mental operations congruent with internal goals. Previous Meta-analysis (Niendam et al., 2012) supports the existence of a superordinate cognitive control network (CCN) comprised of the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), anterior cingulate cortex (A...

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide and affects up to twenty percent of children and adolescents. Having a mother with Major Depressive Disorder is one of the strongest predictors of depression in late adolescence and early adulthood. Neuroimaging studies consistently report MDD associated dysfunction within t...

Neural substrates of fatigue in traumatic brain injury (TBI) are not well understood despite the considerable burden of fatigue on return to productivity. Fatigue is associated with diminishing performance under conditions of high cognitive demand, sense of effort, or need for motivation, all of which are associated with cognitive control brain net...

Individuals with remitted depression are at greater risk for subsequent depression and therefore may provide a unique opportunity to understand the neurophysiological correlates underlying the risk of depression. Research has identified abnormal resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) power metrics and functional connectivity patterns associated...

Research on the biological basis of reinforcement-learning has focused on how brain regions track expected value based on average reward. However, recent work suggests that humans are more attuned to reward frequency. Furthermore, older adults are less likely to use expected values to guide choice than younger adults. This raises the question of wh...

Brain-based deception research began only two decades ago and has since included a wide variety of contexts and response modalities for deception paradigms. Investigations of this sort serve to better our neuroscientific and legal knowledge of the ways in which individuals deceive others. To this end, we conducted activation likelihood estimation (...

Brain-based deception research began only two decades ago and has since included a wide variety of contexts and response modalities for deception paradigms. Investigations of this sort serve to better our neuroscientific and legal knowledge of the ways in which individuals deceive others. To this end, we conducted activation likelihood estimation (...

Over 100 million Americans suffer from chronic pain (CP), which causes more disability than any other medical condition in the U.S. at a cost of $560-$635 billion per year (IOM, 2011). Opioid analgesics are frequently used to treat CP. However, long term use of opioids can cause brain changes such as opioid-induced hyperalgesia that, over time, inc...

Chronic musculoskeletal pain is a costly and prevalent condition that affects the lives of over 50 million individuals in the United States. Chronic pain leads to functional brain changes in those suffering from the condition. Not only does the primary pain network transform as the condition changes from acute to persistent pain, a state of hyper-c...

Research on the biological basis of reinforcement-learning has focused on how brain regions track expected value based on average reward. However, recent work suggests that humans are more attuned to reward frequency. Furthermore, older adults are less likely to use expected values to guide choice than younger adults. This raises the question of wh...

Research on the biological basis of reinforcement-learning has focused on how brain regions track expected value based on average reward. However, recent work suggests that humans are more attuned to reward frequency. Furthermore, older adults are less likely to use expected values to guide choice than younger adults. This raises the question of wh...

Chronic musculoskeletal pain affects the lives of over 50 million individuals in the United States, at a cost of more than $550 billion each year. Chronic pain leads to functional brain changes within those suffering from the condition. Not only does the primary pain network transform as the condition changes from acute to persistent pain, a state...

Over 100 million Americans suffer from chronic pain (CP), which causes more disability than any other medical condition in the U.S. at a cost of $560-$635 billion per year (IOM, 2011). Opioid analgesics are frequently used to treat CP. However, long term use of opioids can cause brain changes such as opioid-induced hyperalgesia that, over time, inc...

Higher cognitive functioning is supported by adaptive reconfiguration of large-scale functional brain networks. Cognitive control (CC), which plays a vital role in flexibly guiding cognition and behavior in accordance with our goals, supports a range of executive functions via distributed brain networks. These networks process information dynamical...

Older adults had widespread decreased functional connectivity at a whole brain level, and decreased functional connectivity within default mode and frontoparietal networks. Older adults also showed lower global efficiency at a whole brain level compared to young adults. Within the frontoparietal network, older adults had greater efficiency. Great...

Theoretical models and empirical research point to negatively biased attention as a maintaining factor in depression. Although preliminary studies suggest experimentally modifying attentional biases (i.e., attentional bias modification; ABM) reduces depression symptoms and depression risk, relatively few rigorous studies with clinical samples have...

Theoretical models and empirical research point to negatively biased attention as a maintaining factor in depression. Although preliminary studies suggest experimentally modifying attentional biases (i.e., attentional bias modification; ABM) reduces depression symptoms and depression risk, relatively few rigorous studies with clinical samples have...

Meta-analytic techniques for mining the neuroimaging literature continue to exert an impact on our conceptualization of functional brain networks contributing to human emotion and cognition. Traditional theories regarding the neurobiological substrates contributing to affective processing are shifting from regional- towards more network-based heuri...

Lagging behind rapid changes to state laws, societal views, and medical practice is the scientific investigation of cannabis's impact on the human brain. While several brain imaging studies have contributed important insight into neurobiological alterations linked with cannabis use, our understanding remains limited. Here, we sought to delineate th...

Computational cognitive neuroimaging approaches can be leveraged to characterize the hierarchical organization of distributed, functionally specialized networks in the human brain. To this end, we performed large-scale mining across the BrainMap database of coordinate-based activation locations from over 10,000 task-based experiments. Meta-analytic...

We present a novel strategy for deriving a classification system of functional neuroimaging paradigms that relies on hierarchical clustering of experiments archived in the BrainMap database. The goal of our proof-of-concept application was to examine the underlying neural architecture of the face perception literature from a meta-analytic perspecti...

Background. Adolescent marijuana use is associated with structural and functional differences in forebrain regions while performing memory and attention tasks. In the present study, we investigated neural processing in adolescent marijuana users experiencing rewards and losses. Fourteen adolescents with frequent marijuana use (>5 uses per week) and...

The Supplementary Material provide additional information on the analytical steps involved with the unified structural equation modeling analysis. S Table 1 reports model fits when Controls and Users data were tested on the reversed models. S Table 2 reports Controls and Users data fits to the hybrid model. S Table 3 reports Controls and User data...

Background: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists augment cognition among cigarette smokers and nonsmokers, yet the systems-level neurobiological mechanisms underlying such improvements are not fully understood. Aggregating neuroimaging results regarding nAChR agonists provides a means to identify common functional brain changes that m...

Voice control is critical to communication. To date, studies have used behavioral, electrophysiological and functional data to investigate the neural correlates of voice control using perturbation tasks, but have yet to examine the interactions of these neural regions. The goal of this study was to use structural equation modeling of functional neu...

Introduction: This study aims to model connectivity of neural regions involved in voice control. Here, we used structural equation modeling on a published dataset that employed the pitch shift paradigm. We hypothesized that our models would confirm differences in connectivity related to superior temporal gyrus during error processing of vocalizatio...

The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is implicated in a broad range of behaviors and neuropsychiatric disorders. Anatomical tracing studies in nonhuman primates reveal differences in connectivity across subregions of the OFC, but data on the connectivity of the human OFC remain limited. We applied meta-analytic connectivity modeling in order to examine w...

Classic cognitive theory conceptualizes executive functions as involving multiple specific domains, including initiation, inhibition, working memory, flexibility, planning, and vigilance. Lesion and neuroimaging experiments over the past two decades have suggested that both common and unique processes contribute to executive functions during higher...

ABSTRACT: Neuroimaging researchers have developed rigorous community data and metadata standards that encourage meta-analysis as a method for establishing robust and meaningful convergence of knowledge of human brain structure and function. Capitalizing on these standards, the BrainMap project offers databases, software applications, and other asso...

BrainMap Scribe Software Manual. This file describes the features of the Scribe desktop application for creating BrainMap database entries.

BrainMap GingerALE Software Manual. This file describes the features of the GingerALE desktop application for performing activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analyses on coordinate-based neuroimaging data.

BrainMap Sleuth Software Manual. This file describes the features of the Sleuth desktop application for searching, retrieving, and visualizing data archived in the BrainMap databases.

BrainMap GingerALE Coordinate File. This file is an example of a BrainMap-formatted text file of coordinates that can be read and analyzed using GingerALE.

Gzipped NIfTI Image File of the Left Amygdala for Arbitrary-Shaped ROI Search in Sleuth. This file is an example of a BrainMap-formatted image file that can be used for arbitrary-shaped ROI searches in Sleuth.

Assessing network stability while querying functional image data for independent components. D. Reese McKay1, Peter T. Fox1, Kimberly L. Ray1, P. Mickle Fox1, Christian F. Beckmann2, Steven M. Smith2, Angela R. Laird1 1Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, TX, USA 2Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain,...

Spatial normalization of neuroimaging data is a standard step when assessing group effects. As a result of divergent analysis procedures due to different normalization algorithms or templates, not all published coordinates refer to the same neuroanatomical region. Specifically, the literature is populated with results in the form of MNI or Talairac...

Recently there has been an interest in the day-to-night variations in the duration of non-specular meteor trails or Range Spread Trail Echoes (RSTE). The reported differences between the day and night durations of meteor trails have been used to arrive at conclusions on the role played by background plasma concentration and background electric fiel...