Kim Irvine

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Verified

Kim verified their affiliation via an institutional email.

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• PhD
• Professor (Associate) at Thammasat University

Malnutrition in Cambodia is now better understood and its management is improving. However,in the NE of Cambodia’s stunting of children under five still approaches 50%. Cambodia is in aregion that is a hot spot of calcium deficiency which reflects low levels of available calcium insoils/crops and a human diet with little dairy products. Vitamin D i...

Surface water plays an important role in understanding the hydrological behaviour of a wetland and is crucial for the sustainability of wetland ecosystems. Remote sensing increasingly is used for the estimation of surface water levels in larger inland waterbodies. However, there are few investigations that have employed multi-sourced remote sensing...

The expansion of cities and land use changes have led to the emergence of peri-urban areas representing a transition between fully urbanized and agricultural regions in Southeast Asia. Peri-urban communities provide essential ecosystem services but are vulnerable to climate-related disruptions and socioeconomic challenges. Utilizing their unique ch...

Building information modeling (BIM) has been used by the architectural and engineering disciplines to streamline the building design, construction, and management process, but there has been much more limited experience in extending the application to landscape design and implementation. This study integrated BIM software (Autodesk InfraWorks 2024....

Urbanization contributes to an increase in flood frequency and intensity, which is exacerbated by climate change. This is a phenomenon observed in both developing and industrialized countries, including Malaysia and Thailand. It is possible to lessen the devastation that natural catastrophes cause as a result of climate change by making timely and...

Cambodia has made progress towards addressing Sustainable Development Goal 6.1. “By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all”, but challenges remain in fully realizing this target. We begin this paper by reviewing current country-wide access to safe and affordable water and subsequently report on th...

Nature-based Solution (NbS) designs increasingly are being implemented to reduce environmental impacts of urban development and enhance community resiliency to disruptions ranging from floods to climate change to Covid-19. But, the question remains, how do we assess the ecosystem service benefits provided by competing NbS designs in order to optimi...

Floating wetland systems potentially can provide a diverse set of ecosystem services that collectively improve urban resilience. Despite the growing studies and use of floating wetlands in temperate and subtropical climates, the design of floating wetlands in tropical climates is still understudied. This paper therefore aims to identify the researc...

A Research through Designing approach was used to explore nature-based solutions (NbS) for flood management at the fluvial (regional) and pluvial (local) scales as part of a Smart District visioning study in a peri-urban area north of Bangkok, Thailand. The NbS visions were informed by community surveys (total n = 770) as well as in-depth, semi-str...

Urbanization continues to increase in countries with tropical climates and this trend, combined with the likely increasing frequency of extreme rainfall events due to a changing climate, places such development at risk and in need of resiliency assessment. Conceptual models to assess runoff dynamics can be an important component of resiliency asses...

Landscape architecture and urban design are central components to re-imaging and remediation of a degraded environment that must iteratively and interactively inform and be informed by the technical (engineering) and societal elements of a project. Despite the call for increased multidisciplinary interaction and a holistic approach to landscape des...

Purpose The objective of this paper is to review nature-based solution (NbS) research and design practices and identify knowledge gaps that may create barriers to effective NbS implementation for management of particle-bound metals. Methods A case study of two constructed wetlands in residential areas of Geelong, Australia, is presented with an ex...

Compound flooding refers to the complex interactions among oceanographic, inland (catchment) hydrological, and meteorological processes with anthropogenic factors such as land use changes due to urbanization. To-wit, the impact of higher tide levels, storm surge, and high intensity rainfall events over the inland catchment collectively may result i...

The application of in situ monitoring to characterize the dynamics of urban, peri-urban, and natural water environments from Southeast Asia, North America, and Australia is explored in this chapter. Focusing on water temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, chlorophyll a, specific conductivity, and pH, important considerations in the deployment an...

The concept of “waterscapes” is examined, with a focus on applications in secondary schools and the pedagogy for undergraduate geography students. The waterscape emphasis on external flows of capital, political relations, and policy that interact with the physical watershed, as well as the hydrosocial cycle, are particularly well suited to support...

A three-dimensional hydrodynamic-ecological lake model combined with field measurements and sampling was applied to investigate the impacts of floating photovoltaic (PV) systems on hydrodynamics and water quality in a shallow tropical reservoir in Singapore. The model was validated using field data and subsequently applied to predict temperature an...

Improving crop productivity and product development in agricultural communities is critical in strengthening their resilience to natural and economic hazards or disruptions. However, a semi-systematic literature review revealed that there is limited research on the linkage between design thinking and community development. Therefore, the objective...

Students in a Landscape Architecture studio at Thammasat University and an Environmental Engineering class at Asian Institute of Technology joined to develop and assess Nature-based Solution designs for a pond/wetland system in peri-urban Bangkok. The Landscape Architecture class first developed their design visions and subsequently their designs w...

In urban areas of Thailand, and especially in Bangkok, recent flash floods have caused severe damage and prompted a renewed focus to manage their impacts. The development of a real-time warning system could provide timely information to initiate flood management protocols, thereby reducing impacts. Therefore, we developed an innovative real-time fl...

The wind field over an urban lake may exhibit considerable variability resulting from wind-shielding effects from surrounding structures. Field measurements at an urban reservoir in Singapore were augmented by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model results to develop a wind model over the reservoir surface via a data assimilation approach. The fi...

Reintroduction of Phnom Penh’s City Bus in 2014 has encountered challenges related to active ridership and costs, which have raised concerns over future viability of the system. A successful public transportation system is an essential component of a liveable, smart, and sustainable city, but what are the barriers to improved performance of Phnom P...

This study was conducted in the Klong 3 local pandan farming community of Pathum Thani (approximately 53 km north of Bangkok), focusing on a collective of 37 peri-urban farming families. The primary objectives of the study were fourfold: I. Identify challenges faced in undertaking peri-urban agriculture as they address Thailand’s food security, par...

A “Smart City” framework was used to investigate and develop visions of alternative futures for a peri-urban superblock north of Bangkok, Thailand. The Smart City framework considers seven smart pillars: environment, economy, energy, mobility, people, living, and governance, with a focus on community wellbeing that is supported by information and c...

Rainfall-derived infiltration and inflow (RDII), the subsurface flow that enters a drainage system during and sometimes long after cessation of rainfall, may negatively impact system performance and cost. Accounting for RDII, however, is subject to a number of uncertainties, of which land use land cover (LULC) constitutes a major factor. One of the...

This chapter shares efforts to conceptualize, develop, and implement two signature labs to support Humanities education in Singapore—the Historian’s Lab and the Sustainability Learning Lab. In particular, we focus on lessons learned in innovation (e.g., the necessity of creative and collaborative synergies among disciplinary experts, curriculum spe...

The illegal trade of wildlife in SE Asia has been identified as the likely cause of the COVID-19 pandemic. We reviewed 198 papers on the current COVID pandemic in Cambodia, diseases such as avian influenza and Nipah virus, most likely to develop into a new pandemic in Cambodia, and common features of disease that require mitigation. Artisanal goldm...

The concept of “waterscapes” is examined, with a focus on applications in secondary schools and the pedagogy for undergraduate geography students. The waterscape emphasis on external flows of capital, political relations, and policy that interact with the physical watershed, as well as the hydrosocial cycle, are particularly well suited to support...

Using a case study approach from past projects in Singapore, Australia, Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam, we examine the benefits, but also some of the challenges, to implementing green space in urban design. Green space can have multiple physical and psychological wellbeing benefits, as well as environmental benefits, including urban runoff quantity...

Shortwave radiation, longwave radiation, photovoltaic (PV) panel, air and near-surface water temperature data were measured for a floating PV system installed in a shallow tropical reservoir. Similar air and water temperature measurements were conducted in open water (ambient condition) for comparison. The data indicate that shortwave radiation is...

A combination of discrete sampling using autosamplers triggered by area-velocity meters and continuous water quality monitoring using YSI datasondes enabled us to evaluate the dynamics of both stormwater runoff and dry weather water quality associated with an urban park and WSUD treatment train in Singapore. The WSUD treatment train consisted of a...

This research investigates a storytelling strategy that has the aim of expanding the market share of drinking water kiosks in Bangkok and other urban communities in Thailand. The strategy is used to narratively communicate a message to consumers that helps them better understand the health, economic, and environmental benefits of using a kiosk. The...

Increasing urbanization and population growth in Thailand has altered the natural urban environment and waterways, requiring the metropolitan Bangkok and surrounding areas to develop a more sustainable and effective stormwater management plan. Pluvial flooding has become a particular challenge for these areas, especially due to frequent, high inten...

This study applied the waterscapes framework to investigate the socio-political contestations associated with water use patterns and community–environment interactions in District 12, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. In particular, groundwater resources were investigated via a mixed-method study combining water sampling, social surveys, a Groundwater Qua...

Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) features increasingly are used for urban water management, green urban design, and improved community liveability, but relatively less data are available on the ecosystem services that WSUD provides. We used hedonic pricing, supported by qualitative surveys, in Geelong, Australia and Singapore, to evaluate benefi...

The abilities of Long short-term memory (LSTM), Gated recurrent units (GRU), Adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), Artificial neural networks (ANN), and Group method of data handling (GMDH) in predicting water quality time series associated with a cleansing biotope were evaluated. We examined continuous monitoring time series of ch...

Boeng Cheung Aek is a large peri-urban wetland in south Phnom Penh, Cambodia that provides multiple ecosystem services, but increasing urban development has initiated an ambitious program of in-filling. In an effort to demonstrate the importance of the wetland to city planners, we have undertaken this research to document and value the ecosystem se...

Ecosystem Services (ES), a pro-conservation paradigm often linked to a Western planning and development approach, has been applied in Asia but has yet to be mainstreamed by policy-makers and practitioners for decision-making within the region. In this chapter, we explore notable achievements, as well as barriers, to mainstreaming ES within the envi...

Background. In parts of Cambodia and in many other parts of the world, irrigation of rice with groundwater results in arsenic (As) accumulation in soil and rice, leading to health concerns associated with rice consumption. At times, some As is present as relatively nontoxic, non-regulated, dimethylarsinic acid (DMA). Low levels of zinc (Zn) have be...

This qualitative study examines the influence of teachers’ subject identities on how four secondary school teachers in Singapore conduct field-based enquiry about water quality in geography. Given the complex interactions noted in the literature among teachers’ academic and school training, their academic subject specialisms and their practice, it...

This version contains the same material as the version already submitted to IDRC and posted on Researchgate. It varies mostly in that the format is now in A4 which is more appropriate for Cambodians than letter format.

This version contains the same material as the version already submitted to IDRC and posted on Researchgate. It varies mostly in that the format is now in A4 which is more appropriate for Cambodians than letter format.

This version contains the same material as the version already submitted to IDRC and posted on Researchgate. It varies mostly in that the format is now in A4 which is more appropriate for Cambodians than letter format.

This version contains the same material as the version already submitted to IDRC and posted on Researchgate. It varies mostly in that the format is now in A4 which is more appropriate for Cambodians than letter format.

Environmental and Health Implications of the Correlation Between Arsenic and Zinc in Rice from an Arsenic-Rich Zone in Cambodia, Management Version in Khmer language.

This version of the full paper is designed for translation to Khmer language. It focuses on the management of the deficiency of zinc in rice grown in the arsenic zone of Cambodia.

Journal cover

An approach to model the effect of weather conditions on tree stability is presented, where the weather conditions include wind, rainfall, temperature, humidity and solar radiation. The weather conditions could affect the rainwater infiltration and evapotranspiration, hence change the water content in the soil and influence the soil properties such...

Background. In parts of Cambodia, irrigation of rice with groundwater results in arsenic accumulation in soils and rice, leading to health concerns associated with rice consumption. In Bangladesh and China, low zinc levels in rice have been found in regions where arsenic levels in rice are high. Furthermore, there have been claims that zinc deficie...

ABSTRACT: Using a case study approach from past projects in Thailand, Vietnam, Singapore, Cambodia, and Australia, we examine the benefits, but also some of the challenges to including green space in urban design. Green space can have multiple physical and psychological well-being benefits, as well as environmental benefits, including urban runoff...

For school geography in Singapore, geographical inquiry is identified as a “signature pedagogy” (Shulman 2005a) that can socialize students into the distinctive practices, concepts, and values of the discipline of geography. This article explores how field-based inquiry is applied across four secondary schools in Singapore to develop an understandi...

Blow flies of the subfamily Luciliinae (Diptera: Calliphoridae) are one of the main forensically important subfamilies globally. In addition to being used to estimate the minimum post-mortem interval (PMImin), assuming colonization occurred after death, blow fly specimens found infesting a human corpse are used to determine if the corpse was reloca...

Background. Arsenic bioaccumulation in rice is a global concern afecting food security and public health. Objective. The present study examined arsenic species in rice in Cambodia to characterize health risks with rice consumption and to clarify uncertainties with Codex guidelines. Methods. The present study collected 61 well water samples, 105 ri...

Background. In parts of Cambodia, irrigation with groundwater results in arsenic accumulation in soils and rice, leading to health concerns associated with rice consumption. A high concentration of iron in groundwater can precipitate arsenic and reduce its bioavailability, however high concentrations of arsenic and iron can also reduce rice product...

Interview form to review the farming methods by the farmers.

Blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) are carrion-breeding flies that are commonly used as evidence in forensic investigation. An adequate knowledge of ecological and geographical data of blow fly has a direct application in forensic science, as far as estimating time of colonization or corpse relocation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occ...

School geography curricula have been evolving in keeping abreast with the issues that affect humankind in a fast-changing world. Key elements of this evolution include increased focus on topics such as environmental change and globalisation. Furthermore, there is a more explicit articulation on the modes of instruction in curricula documents, often...

The chapter provides a summary of the various perspectives presented in this edited book volume and provides some additional concluding thoughts. The theoretical perspectives and contemporary issues and research on the topics of teaching and learning using ICT will be reiterated and explored further in the context of NIE and Singapore. There are al...

This book provides a collection of critical pieces that support the idea that good teaching and learning of geography in fieldwork and using technology should consider the dimensions of curriculum design, instructional design and resource provision, as well as assessment for such learning activities. Further, it clearly describes the thinking, expe...

The drag coefficients of one mature Khaya Senegalensis tree and one Eugenia Grandis tree in Singapore were analysed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling and validated with field measurements. For the numerical method, an innovative laser scanning approach was used to generate the tree geometries and to calculate the three-dimensional...

This project provided the first speciation analysis of arsenic in rice grown in Cambodia. Unlike in Bangladesh, the rice with the highest total arsenic concentrations in Cambodia has mostly organic arsenic, dimethylarsinic acid (DMA). We found that storing groundwater in ditches removes > 95% arsenic from groundwater prior to irrigation. The rice p...

With one exception, the arsenic content of inorganic fertilizers complied with international guidelines. Moreover, cadmium, lead and other toxic metals did not exceed guidelines. Our studies of 11 chemical fertilizers indicated that about half of the fertilizers had <50% less phosphorus than labelled. The farmers belief that counterfeit fertilizers...

The highest total arsenic measured in soil was 95 mg/kg. The concentration of arsenic in the rice paddy soils was highly variable and was generally higher near the irrigation wells. We demonstrated that even in the areas where groundwater irrigation was most commonly practiced with water rich in arsenic (Preak Russey), the use of rainwater water st...

This project provided the first speciation of arsenic in rice grown in Cambodia. Unlike in Bangladesh, the rice with the most total arsenic in Cambodia has mostly organic arsenic, dimethylarsinic acid (DMA). DMA is 1/66 th the toxicity of inorganic arsenic and DMA is not regulated by Codex, the global guidelines for rice export established by FAO a...

Too often, taxonomies treat cultural aspects of Ecosystem Services (ES) as a broadly labeled, residual category after accounting for other utilitarian benefits. Such an approach overlooks several important inter-relationships among the largely different integrated components of cultural ES, i.e. recreational, spiritual, education concerns, etc. In...

Washoff behavior in the tropics is expected to behave differently from temperate areas due to differences in rainfall characteristics. In this study, rainfall, runoff and total suspended solids (TSS) were monitored from 9 catchments distinguished by different types of land use, in Singapore. The catchments ranged in size from 5.7ha to 85.2ha. Over...

The objectives of this study were twofold: (i) assess the bioaccumulation characteristics of a suite of metals associated with several different species of Odonata and (ii) examine Odonata species richness as a reflection of ecosystem health in two ecologically important wetlands of southwestern Iran, the Shadegan and Hawr Al Azim wetlands. Levels...

Water quality around Cha-Am, Thailand is of prime concern because of its extensive oceanfront beach area. Cha-Am uses an aerated lagoon system consisting of three ponds and a natural wetland to treat the municipal wastewater. A personal computer version of the storm water management model, PCSWMM, was used to simulate the effluent quality of the tr...

Ecosystem economic valuation has been proposed as an appropriate approach to account for natural resources. More specifically, the tangible and intangible values of ecosystem services (ES) associated with specific land uses/land covers have been appreciated by practitioners both in academia and policy arenas as useful accounting means for land use...

Background: The existence of lead-contaminated consumer products is a global issue. Toys and low-cost jewelry may contain toxic metals and Cambodia is known to have consumer products with toxic metals. Objectives: It is important to inform Cambodians about sources of toxic metals so that they can reduce their exposure risk, particularly for childr...

The Shadegan and Hawr Al Azim wetlands are important natural resources in southwestern Iran, yet relatively little work has been done to assess ecosystem health of the wetlands. Bed sediment from both wetlands was sampled in individual months between October, 2011 and December, 2012 and analyzed for As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb, and Zn using...

Aims: The objective of this study is twofold: i) explore a simple, empirical relationship based on freely available, remotely sensed data and the water levels recorded at Prek Kdam (one week prior) to predict total inundated area of the Tonle Sap flood plain; and ii) use the relationship to provide a preliminary demarcation of flood risk zones arou...

Background. In Cambodia, there is widespread use of skin-whitening creams containing levels of mercury that exceed Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) guidelines by up to 35,000 times. Mercury in skin-whitening creams threatens to compromise the health of Cambodians. Objectives. It is important to provide essential information on sources...

Background Lead is a heavy metal that is well known to pose a threat to human health. Although the sale and use of lead paint has been banned in much of the developed world, lead is still commonly used in enamel paints in the developing world, including Cambodia. As Cambodia’s economy grows, this may increase the purchase and use of lead-based pain...