Ki Joon Kim

City University of Hong Kong | CityU · Department of Media and Communication

Cyberbullying often occurs in the presence of bystanders, and these individuals play an influential role in easing negative outcomes of cyberbullying by engaging in intervening behavior. This study identifies and examines adult bystanders’ personal victimization experiences with cyberbullying as well as gender and empathic distress as key predictor...

In group decision-making, the behavior of each member is sensitive to the social influence of other majority members. Research on majority influence has shown that multiple non-human agents with anthropomorphic cues can exert normative pressure on a lone human decision-maker. However, how individuals perceive and respond to minority influence exert...

Drawing upon the social identity model of deindividuation effects, this study investigated the effects of intergroup relations and discursive quality on individuals’ responses to comments that challenge their existing beliefs on news websites. A two-session online experiment with a 2 (group membership: in-group vs. out-group) × 2 (comment tone: civ...

In an online experiment, 1,500 adult residents from the United States, Hong Kong, and China were exposed to four variations of a dilemma that required a driver in an autonomous vehicle or the vehicle itself to make a passenger-protective (i.e., protecting the vehicle passenger by sacrificing a pedestrian) or a pedestrian-protective (i.e., protectin...

This study explored the relationships between three types of Internet use (i.e. educational, socialising, and entertainment) and externalising behaviours in early adolescents. Using a representative sample of early adolescents in China (N = 819, Mage = 11.76), the result revealed that the indirect effect of educational Internet use on externalising...

In avatar-mediated communications, users often cannot identify how others’ avatars are created, which is one of the important information they need to evaluate others. Thus, we tested a social virtual world that is transparent about others’ avatar-creation methods and investigated how knowing about others’ avatar-creation methods shapes users’ perc...

Instead of telling the whole truth, doctors sometimes resort to prosocial lies when diagnosing illness to protect patients from psychological harm. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have introduced AI doctors capable of telling prosocial lies in a medical setting. Accordingly, this study conducted a 3 (full truth vs. partial prosocial...

Research on media bias has been primarily conducted a number of times of news outlets referred on political news articles, but nonpolitical articles can still convey media bias that indicates the political orientation of the news outlet. Using manual human evaluation and computational approaches, we developed and publicly released the Implicit Medi...

This study proposed a novel typology that categorized online trolling into proactive and reactive types and conducted two studies employing qualitative and quantitative approaches to better understand the motivations behind these two types of trolling. Study 1 surveyed participants who had engaged in trolling (N = 90) and identified four motivation...

The growing prevalence of conversational artificial intelligence (CAI), digital agents that talk and respond socially to users, has increased the likelihood of over-dependency on this new technology. Drawing on the interaction of person-affect-cognition-execution model, this study examined how social anxiety, loneliness, and rumination contribute t...

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been increasingly integrated into content moderation to detect and remove hate speech on social media. An online experiment (N = 478) was conducted to examine how moderation agents (AI vs. human vs. human–AI collaboration) and removal explanations (with vs. without) affect users' perceptions and acceptance of remova...

The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized user experience with objects. Things can perform social roles and convey persuasive messages to users, posing an important research question for communication and human-computer interaction researchers: What are the factors and underlying mechanisms that...

Artificial intelligence (AI) has started to play social roles in making moral choices, and the research and debates over "moral machines" (Awad et al., 2018) have brought extensive attention and controversy. However, most prior research investigated this issue only in the dyadic interaction situation. Considering that the social nature of decision-...

The advent of Internet of Things (IoT) technology has revolutionized both the roles and functions of everyday objects and how users interact with them. Using artificial intelligence (AI) and an advanced capacity for communication, smart objects can now function as communication sources and deliver persuasive messages. This study investigates how di...

Purpose Guided by the frameworks of the technology acceptance model, uses and gratifications theory and the information systems success model, this study develops and validates an adoption model for the Internet of Things (IoT). Design/methodology/approach The measurement and research models are statistically validated via a confirmatory factor an...

Purpose: Social networking services (SNSs) have been praised for their social capital (SC) benefits. However, the time displacement hypothesis in Internet research may challenge such an optimistic view. In response to this challenge, this study aimed to develop a theoretical model that uncovers the transformation rather than displacement among onli...

With the rapid development of s-commerce and CGI technology, the concept of “virtual influencer” has emerged and is rapidly growing in popularity in social media and network service (e.g., Instagram). This paper investigated the effects of the number and types of social actors in the contents of Instagram on users' reactions. To identify this, we c...

An online survey was conducted to examine how nostalgias associated with Hayao Miyazaki's animations motivate tourists to visit a theme park inspired by the director's works. A structural equation modeling of the collected data revealed that the survey respondents who felt nostalgic about the characters, narratives, aesthetics , cultures, and tradi...

A between-subjects experiment was conducted to explore how users manage their privacy when the Internet of Things (IoT) provides either user-tailored or system-tailored services. The results indicated that users created multiple privacy boundaries to contain highly private information in the innermost boundary and less sensitive information in the...

An online experiment was conducted to examine how the presumed effects of uncivil news comments on other users would influence perceivers’ intention to engage in restrictive or corrective counteractive measures. The results showed that exposure to uncivil comments reduced social desirability and heightened the presumed impact of the comments on oth...

Purpose: In the context of celebrity endorsement, this study aims to demonstrate that the ways in which consumers adopt moral reasoning strategies (i.e. rationalization, decoupling and coupling) are largely dependent on the severity (i.e. high vs low) of celebrity transgressions and the degree to which they personally identify with the celebrity....

In human-IoT interaction, both users and smart objects can exercise agency. This study examines how the relationship between the locus of agency (user vs. object) and interaction outcomes is mediated through sense of connectedness and how this mediated relationship is moderated by anthropomorphic cues. Results from a lab experiment (N = 94) indicat...

This study proposes design, uniqueness, and screen size as the key components of aesthetic appeal and investigates their role in influencing the use behaviour of current smartwatch users and purchase intentions of potential users. Hypotheses were tested using SmartPLS to analyze data collected from 377 current smartwatch users and 361 potential use...

Given the importance of customer loyalty in the sustainability and success of the service industry, this study develops a loyalty‐enhancement model that integrates corporate social responsibility, service quality, customer satisfaction, and trust and applies the model to the case of South Korean mobile telecommunication service companies in order t...

In human-IoT interaction, both users and smart objects can exercise agency. This study examines how the relationship between the locus of agency (user vs. object) and interaction outcomes is mediated through perceived connectedness and how this mediated relationship is moderated by anthropomorphic cues. Experiment results indicated that users perce...

This study analyzes publications in the field of wearable technologies (WTs) recorded in the Scopus database during the period 2000 to 2016. Using bibliometric analysis, we probe into the current status and direction of research on WT. In addition, we use cluster analysis to reveal keywords with highest frequency and to identify technology trends o...

An online survey of 785 binge-watchers was conducted to identify motivations for binge-watching TV drama series and to explore the moderating effects of sensation seeking and need for cognition on binge-watching behavior. The results of a principal component analysis on data collected from these binge-watchers demonstrate that individuals perceive...

This study aims to deepen our understanding of the underlying factors affecting the intention to continue using increasingly popular wearable technology. A new theoretical model is developed and validated to extend traditional technology acceptance theories by identifying several value drivers of the continuous intention and actual usage of wearabl...

This study aims to explore students' motivations for playing educational games. The structural equation modeling of data from 591 students in university history classes revealed that perceived enjoyment and satisfaction are significantly associated with students' acceptance and behavioral intention to play educational games, consistent with the pre...

Two experiments were conducted in order to investigate the effects of screen-size (3.5" vs. 7" vs. 10.1") on efficiency of mobile learning (m-learning) over time (immediate vs. delayed). Experiment 1 (N=141) revealed that students who took a mobile learning course on a large screen scored higher on a test administered immediately after the completi...

As mobile devices, such as e-book readers and tablet computers, have emerged as alternatives to traditional printed media, they are also being increasingly employed as survey administration equipment. However, the question arises as to whether mobile devices are actually more effective than paper for survey administration. To address this question,...

Although automobile navigation systems have conventionally utilised visual and auditory modalities to deliver information, recent advancement in tactile technology has introduced the possibility of integrating tactile actuators into navigation systems. To empirically test the effect of tactile navigational cues, we conducted simulated driving exper...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the motivational factors that help shape user perceptions of and attitudes toward car-sharing services and develop a research model that integrates these factors with the technology acceptance model to explicate car sharing’s adoption pattern. Design/methodology/approach An online survey was admin...

[The first two authors, Eunil Park and Ki Joon Kim, contributed equally to this study] Factors promoting loyalty are of great interest to both academics and practitioners because consumer loyalty is a notable predictor of business success. This study identifies the congruency between consumer values and the goals of corporate social responsibility...

This study explicates nomophobia by developing a research model that identifies several determinants of smartphone separation anxiety and by conducting semantic network analyses on smartphone users' verbal descriptions of the meaning of their smartphones. Structural equation modeling of the proposed model indicates that personal memories evoked by...

This study investigates how variations in the screen shape (round vs. square) and screen size (large vs. small) of smartwatches affect their hedonic and pragmatic qualities and the evaluation of transmitted information. Results from a between-subjects experiment (N = 160) indicate that large screens positively influence information quality by simul...

Wearable devices, including smartwatches, smart glasses, and fitness trackers, are becoming increasingly popular, and greater emphasis is being placed on their health-related functions. In light of this new development, this study explores the role of smartwatches as mobile health communication tools and proposes information tailoring (personalizat...

While environmental and energy concerns have become global issues, the government of South Korea has made notable efforts and formulated plans for the diffusion of renewable energy generation facilities for the nation's public and governmental institutions. Accordingly, Jeju Island has become one of the most promising locations for utilizing renewa...

Using a robot designed for senior citizens in a retirement home setting, an experiment (N=51) was conducted to investigate whether variations in the role (companion vs. assistant) and social demeanor (playful vs. serious) of a robot influence senior citizens’ perceptions of the robot's social attractiveness, intelligence, anxiety, and eeriness. Res...

Background: This study identifies the key motivational factors in enhancing economic performance and increasing new job opportunities for information and communication technology ventures (ICTVs) in South Korea and examines their potential causal relationships through structural equation modeling analysis on data collected from over 200 ICTVs loca...

This study explores whether screen shape influences smartwatch adoption by proposing an extended technology acceptance model that integrates an empirical comparison between round and square screens with utilitarian and hedonic motivations for higher usage intention. To verify the statistical validity of the proposed model, a structural equation mod...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify motivational factors for using wearable healthcare devices and examine the process by which these factors are integrated with the technology acceptance model (TAM) and contribute to the adoption of the devices. Design/methodology/approach – An online survey assessed the proposed motivational facto...

This study investigates the theoretical mechanisms by which the variations in source attribution (multiple sources vs. single source) and specialization (multifunctionality vs. single functionality) of Internet of Things (IoT) devices influence the quality of human–IoT interaction. Results from a between-subjects experiment (N = 100) indicate that...

Because of increased interactions between new advanced technologies and societies, there is a growing interest in biomedical technology and its applications. This study introduces an integrated research model to investigate public intentions to use biomedical technology and its applications that employs six factors that influence public intentions...

The metropolitan cities of developed countries comprise more than 50% of the global population and consume over 60% of the world's energy. Many governments plan to enhance their energy infrastructure and the electricity supply-demand reliability of their energy sources. Among them, South Korea's government has developed electricity generation facil...

This study identifies the environmental, social, economic and ethical responsibilities of a firm as key components of successful sustainable management, and investigates how these corporate responsibilities contribute to enhancing competiveness and customer satisfaction. A structural equation modelling analysis was conducted on data collected from...

Guided by the Modality, Agency, Interactivity, and Navigability (MAIN) model of technology effects and the heuristic–systematic model (HSM) of information processing, this study explicates underlying mechanisms by which variations in screen size (large vs. small) and presentation mode (video vs. text) contribute to user perceptions of media content...

This study explores the psychological effects of information tailoring, locational congruity, and product involvement on user attitudes toward location-based advertising (LBA) on mobile devices. Results from a 2 (type of information tailoring: personalization vs. customization) × 2 (level of locational congruity: high vs. low) × 2 (level of product...

This study proposes an acceptance model for curved-screen smartphones, and explores how the sense of coolness induced by attractiveness, originality, subcultural appeal, and the utility of the curved screen promotes smartphone adoption. The results of structural equation modeling analyses (N = 246) show that these components of coolness (except uti...

This study explicates the process in which heuristics triggered by technological features of digital communication media affect persuasive outcomes and demonstrates the actual operation of a heuristic by validating the “priming plus unrelated tasks” procedure and the moderated mediation analysis strategy proposed by Bellur and Sundar (2014) for mea...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the key psychological determinants of smart watch adoption (i.e. affective quality (AQ), relative advantage (RA), mobility (MB), availability (AV), subcultural appeal) and develops an extended technology acceptance model (TAM) that integrates the findings into the original TAM constructs. Design/m...

[The first two authors, Jae-Gil Lee and Ki Joon Kim, contributed equally to this study] Although autonomous vehicles are increasingly becoming a reality, eliminating human intervention from driving may imply significant safety and trust-related concerns. To address this issue from a psychological perspective, this study applies layers of anthropom...

This study identifies perceived mobility, security, connectedness, system and service quality, usefulness, attitude, and flow experience as key motivational factors for using social networking services (SNSs), and develops a theoretical model that explicates the process in which users adopt Facebook and Twitter by integrating these factors with the...

Based on the Computers Are Social Actors (CASA) paradigm, this study extends the expectations regarding the superiority of specialists over generalists to mobile technology by examining whether the specialization of a hardware agent (i.e., a smartphone) and a software agent (i.e., an application) has psychological effects on smartphone users who ar...

The South Korean government has long been attempting to reduce the nation's heavy reliance on fossil fuels and increase environmental safety by developing and installing renewable power generation infrastructures and implementing policies for promoting the green growth of Korea's energy industry. This study focuses on the use of independent renewab...

As touch screens have become one of the most prevalent means of navigating mobile devices, various types of touch screen panels, including resistive overlay, capacitive overlay, surface acoustic wave, and infrared beam panels, have been developed to meet users’ increasing need for a more intuitive and interactive touch-based experience. This study...

This study identifies and investigates a number of cognitive factors that contribute to shaping user perceptions of and attitude toward mobile cloud computing services by integrating these factors with the technology acceptance model. A structural equation modeling analysis is employed on data collected from 1099 survey samples, and results reveal...

Abstract This study explores the psychological effects of screen size on smartphone adoption by proposing an extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) that integrates an empirical comparison between large and small screens with perceived control, affective quality, and the original TAM constructs. A structural equation modeling analysis was conduc...

By utilizing and extending the technology acceptance model, this study introduces a new integrated model that analyzes driver acceptance of car navigation systems. The current study conducts in-depth interviews and explores psychological factors that may be significantly related to the usability of car navigation systems. Data collected from 1,181...

To examine drivers’ perceptions of and attitudes toward car navigation systems, the present study integrated perceived satisfaction and perceived locational accuracy into a modified technology acceptance model, and investigated hypothesized causal paths proposed by the research model with data collected from an online survey (N = 1,204). Results fr...

This study investigates whether assigning a caregiving role to a robot or to its human interactant has psychological effects on the quality of human–robot interaction (HRI). College students interacted with a social robot in a between-subjects experiment (N = 60) with two manipulated conditions: one where the robot played the role of an ophthalmolo...

Abstract Aggressiveness attributed to violent video game play is typically studied as a function of the content features of the game. However, can interface features of the game also affect aggression? Guided by the General Aggression Model (GAM), we examine the controller type (gun replica vs. mouse) and screen size (large vs. small) as key techno...

Purpose The aim of this paper is to propose an integrated path model in order to explore user acceptance of long‐term evolution (LTE) services by examining potential causal relationships between key psychological factors and user intention to use the services. Design/methodology/approach Online survey data collected from 1,344 users are analysed w...

Although various types of electronic mobility aids for visually impaired persons have been developed as alternatives to the conventional white cane, users still have much doubt on the effectiveness and usability of these newly introduced aids. To identify ways to improve usability and effectiveness of electronic cane, a task performance study was c...

The present study examines the efficiency of the back-and-forth method and boundary sweep method used for complete coverage path planning (CCPP). After identifying limitations of these existing methods, the present study develops and proposes a new, alternative CCCP method that can be used for designing more efficient vacuum cleaning robots.

The present study conducted structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses on data collected from 1,011 participants in order to examine the role of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) in predicting mobile map service users’ attitudes toward the service. Results from the analyses indicated that perceived mobility and perceived locational accuracy signif...

Do individual differences in dispositional behavioral tendencies, such as immersive tendency and need to belong, play a significant role in human-robot interaction? To answer this question, the present study conducted a 2 x 2 between-subjects experiment to examine the effects of immersive tendency (high vs. low) and need to belong (high vs. low) on...

A 2 x 2 between-subjects experiment was conducted to examine the effects of the type of artificial agent (robot vs. computer) and the role of the agent (ally vs. enemy) on people's perceptions and evaluations of the agent when playing a video game. Participants perceived that playing the game with a robot was more enjoyable and easier than playing...

As robots enter the realm of caregiving, at least two role conceptions emerge: robots as caretakers of humans and humans as ostensible caregivers to robots (with the often unstated objective of improving their own health). Does this difference in roles affect the quality of human-robot relationships? To answer this and related questions, we manipul...

The present study investigates whether adults and children exhibit different eye-fixation patterns when they look at human faces, machinelike robotic faces, and humanlike robotic faces. The results from two betweensubject experiments showed that children and adults did have different facial recognition patterns; children tended to fixate more on th...

As various interactive input devices for computers have become available, the role of multimodal feedbacks generated by the devices has gained an increasing emphasis in recent years, with debates surrounding the relative efficiency of different feedback types of input devices. To address this and related issues, the present study conducted a 4 (typ...

The present study conducted a 2x2 between-subjects experiment and examined whether users' viewing and reading experience are affected by the type of display panels (i.e., IPS, AMOLED) that they are exposed to when watching videos and reading text. Despite panel manufacturers' claims, results from the experiment revealed that users' oculomotor comfo...

Is repeated exposure to banner ads more effective in facilitating interactions between consumers and advertised products? Does it work for everyone? To answer these questions, the present study conducted a 2 x 2 between-subjects experiment, and examined the relationship between ad exposure frequency and product knowledge as well as their effects on...

As robots are now being widely used as educational aids and assistants, it is crucial to understand the effects of robotic teaching assistants in classroom and how attraction and acceptance towards the robot are shaped. A 2 (type of instructor: human vs. robot) x 3 (feedback style: positive vs. negative vs. neutral) between-subjects experiment with...

A 2 (face type: robot face vs. human face) × 2 (participants’ age: adults vs. children) between-subjects experiment with four conditions was conducted to explore whether adults and children view robotic faces differently. Participants were presented with a series of pictures including human or robotic faces while their eye movements were being reco...

Can playing a video game with a robot be more enjoyable than playing with a human? Should a robot be my teammate or opponent when playing a video game? Will the gaming result affect how I feel about my gaming partner? To address these questions, the present study conducted a 2 (playing game with: human vs. robot) × 2 (played game as: teammate vs. o...

Stylus pen is often used in documentation for a touchscreen. However, little work has been focused on stylus features to improve usability; no work has examined the effect of the full-length of stylus in creating document. In this paper, we found the satisfaction and efficiency of various stylus lengths' in creating document. Our experiment had two...

As computer-based devices become the primary media via which users view movies and play interactive games, display technologies (e.g., LCD monitors) have focused increasingly on quality of video fidelity, with much debate surrounding the relative efficacy of different panel types of LCD monitors. A 3 (S-IPS panel vs. S-PVA panel vs. TN panel) × 2 (...

The present study explored the effects of robots’ gender and gesture on human perception. Although we can find many robots around us in the real world, most people view them as machine-based robots instead of human-like robots. Therefore, the present study focused on a particular interaction environment in which the effects of robots’ gender and ge...

Does mobility matter in handheld devices used for assessing and delivering information? With a rapid advancement in mobile technologies in recent years, various types of mobile devices are now available to users. Although many studies have examined the importance of readability using fixed monitors, little emphasis has been given to the effects of...

With expansion of social robots’ use, we can find various types of HRI (human-robot interaction). In this paper, we used a social interactive robot as a teaching-robot in classroom situation. Our study was designed to find a possibility and complements of current teaching-robot, which was conducted in an educational situation such as a classroom of...

Does screen-size matter in mobile devices? There appears to be a move toward larger screens, with recent launches of Apple's iPad and Samsung's Galaxy Tab, but do these devices undercut the perceived mobility and affect user attitudes toward the technology? To answer these and related questions, the present study examines the effects of screen-size...

A 2 (gun replica vs. mouse) x 2 (experience in real gun vs. no experience in real gun) between-subjects experiment was conducted to examine the effects of realistic controller and real-life exposure to gun on violent video game players' perceived degree of presence and state of aggression. The present study found that participants who played a viol...

Stylus pen is a popular input device for electronic documentation. However, little work has focused on the pen’s hardware features although they are key improving usability; no work has examined the effects of length of stylus in creating electronic documents. A within-subject experiment with ten conditions (length of stylus pen: 7cm vs. 9cm vs. 11...