Khuzaimah Arifin

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia | ukm · Fuel Cell Institute

Photocatalytic water splitting reaction has been considered an ideal method for hydrogen generation. In this study, a composite of TiO2/CoS photocatalyst prepared by hydrothermal synthesis method assisted by ball milling crushing process was used. The TiO2/CoS composites prepared with three variation compositions of 90/10, 80/20, and 70/30 were nam...

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a promising method that involves a direct route to produce green hydrogen (H2). An efficient semiconductor photoelectrode that has a suitable band gap between the valence and conduction band is stable in an aqueous solution and cost-effective. Efficient charge transfer and outstanding light absorption a...

Hydrogen (H2) generation through photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a promising approach to reducing energy crises and associated environmental problems. Among currently available semiconductors, 2D nanostructured metal oxides have attracted wide interest in PEC applications because of their low‐cost synthesis routes, stability in aqueou...

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting, that could directly turn sunlight into hydrogen energy, is one of the effective ways for utilising solar energy. Two-dimensional (2D) graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have become effective materials for the advancement of photocatalyst due to their different thermal, electrical, optic...

Graphene, a two-dimensional (2D) carbon material that has a zero bandgap with a symmetric band structure, has drawn extensive attention, owing to its exceptional electrical, mechanical, thermal and electron mobility properties. However, 2D graphene sheets encounter an aggregation and restacking issues, which affect the electron transport and charge...

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been extensively studied for photocatalytic water splitting applications for more than 50 years because of its advantages, such as its low cost, abundance, good chemical stability, nontoxicity, and sufficient energy potential to oxidize and reduce water molecules. On the other hand, TiO2 has its own set of limitations, n...

Cobalt oxide thin films were successfully grown directly on fluorine-doped tin oxide glass substrates through a simple, green, and low-cost hydrothermal method. An investigation into the physicochemical characteristics and photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties of the developed cobalt oxide thin film was comprehensively performed. At various anneali...

Hydrogen (H2) is considered an alternative energy carrier for future clean energy systems in many applications. The three-dimensional (3D) graphene is one of the promising candidates for various applications especially in photocatalytic H2 production due to its high electron conductivity, mechanical stability, fast electron transfer, and large surf...

This work aims to study the effect of gold (Au) loading on the photoelectrochemical behavior of tungsten trioxide (WO3) photoelectrodes. The WO3 film has been fabricated via electrodeposition method with constant potential on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrate. The Au nanoparticle loading on WO3 films surface was also prepared by consta...

This study aimed to synthesize and characterize cobalt sulfide deposited on FTO by hydrothermal method and investigate its photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting performance. Cobalt sulfide thin films were produced by annealing at two different temperatures, namely, 400 and 500 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform Raman spectroscop...

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is an ideal method to produce clean hydrogen. Developing photoelectrodes that fulfill the PEC water-splitting criteria has become the greatest challenge for commercialization of this technology. Titanium dioxide, the first material used for this application, remain appealing due to its one-dimensional nano...

Two-dimensional materials have attracted intensive attention recently due to their unique optical and electronic properties and their promising applications in water splitting and solar cells. As a representative layer-structured of transition metal dichalcogenides, MoS2has attracted considerable devotion owing to its exceptional photo and electro...

In this study, two different highly scalable hierarchical structured photocathodes of Cu2O nanowire (NW) and microyarn (MY), were prepared and evaluated for their photoelectrochemical (PEC) reduction of CO2 (PECRC) to methanol activity. Notably, Cu2O NW showed a considerably higher photoactivity than Cu2O MY, and the highest ever reported in terms...

This study investigated the best phases of cobalt oxide for the photochemical and photoelectrochemical (PEC) water-splitting reaction. Cobalt oxide was produced via a hydrothermal process of cobalt nitrate hexahydrate and then annealed at different temperatures from 450 °C to 950 °C. The Co3O4 phase was produced during pre-annealing and annealing a...

Copper oxide (CuxO) photocathode has received an enormous amount of attention for photoelectrochemical (PEC) green fuel generation, such as hydrogen, methane, ethane, methanol, and ethanol. Although CuxO is highly photoactive, it is limited by the mismatched charge diffusional length and light absorption depth near the band gap. Recent progress on...

Recently, perovskites have been intensively studied for effective hydrogen production through photocatalytic water splitting reactions. The unique properties of perovskite materials are their tunable bandgap and high photocorrosion stability. Titanate-based perovskites are the most widely studied perovskites for activation under visible light and i...

Hydrogen production through photoelectrochemical (PEC) water-splitting process has drawn significant research attention because it is a promising clean source of energy for improving earth climate in the future. Two-dimensional (2D) graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), as the core of the system, have become versatile materials for...

Aroylthiourea ligands, 1-aroyl-3-cyclohexyl-3-methylthiourea (HL1), 1-(2-chloroaroyl)-3-cyclohexyl-3-methylthiourea (HL2), 1-(3-chloroaroyl)-3-cyclohexyl-3-methylthiourea (HL3) and 1-(4-chloroaroyl)-3-cyclohexyl-3-methylthiourea (HL4) were synthesized through a condensation reaction of methylcyclohexylamine and aroylisothiocyanate with a general fo...

Herein we present a plasmonic sandwich photoelectrode design utilizing Au nanoparticles and WO3 for the photoelectrochemical process. The plasmonic layer of Au nanoparticles was electrodeposited onto WO3 photoanodes in different configurations to enhance the photocurrent generation of the WO3 photoanodes during photoelectrochemical reaction. The ph...

The development of titanium dioxide-based semiconductors has been widely studied due to the efficiency of this material in photoelectrochemical water splitting. However, the large band gap of titanium dioxide can only absorb UV light, thus reducing its performance in photoelectrochemical applications. Moreover, the recombination of electron-hole pa...

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a very promising green method to produce solar fuel. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been widely used as photocatalyst for this type of reaction. Improving the performance of TiO2 for PEC water splitting has been ongoing and addition of sacrificial donor especially from waste is an attractive option to achi...

Ru(II) bipyridyl photocatalyst with the formula, [Ru(bpy)2(o-CH3-bzpypz)](PF6)2] (Ru01) and [Ru(bpy)2(o-Cl-bzpypz)](PF6)2] (Ru02), where bpy = 2,2’-bipyridyl, o-CH3-bzpypz = (3-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)(o-tolyl)methanone and o-Cl-bzpypz = (2-chlorophenyl)(3-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methanone, has been successfully synthesized and charac...

Bis(dithiolene) tungsten carbonyl complex, W(S2C2Ph2)2(CO)2 was successfully synthesized and the structure, frontier molecular orbital and optical properties of the complex were investigated theoretically using density functional theory calculations. The investigation started with a molecular structure construction, followed by an optimization of t...

A new homoleptic dithiolene tungsten complex, tris-{1,2-bis(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1,2-ethylenodithiolene-S,S'}tungsten, was successfully synthesized via a reaction of the thiophosphate ester and sodium tungstate. The thiophosphate ester was prepared from 3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde via benzoin condensation to produce the intermediate 1,2-bis-(3,5-dime...

Optical and photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties of a TiO2 thin film electrode doped with a new variation of ruthenium–(4,4′dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine)–isothiocyanato–tungsten[bis-(phenyl-1,2-ethilenodithiolenic)] bimetallic complex (BM) were investigated. Physical adsorption process was used to immobilise the BM on the TiO2 thin film. Crystalline s...

Artificial photosynthesis technology is a solar energy conversion technology that mimics natural photosynthesis mainly for hydrogen production. There are two systems in artificial photosynthesis technology: (i) Homogeneous system that mimics the electron transfer steps of water (via manganese) in natural photosynthesis and (ii) Heterogeneous system...