Khandker Nurul Habib

University of Toronto | U of T · Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering

This paper investigates the use of an elicited consideration set in a mathematical model of choice and consideration set formation. It proposes an econometric formulation by allowing unrestricted correlations among alternatives in the consideration set formation and a flexible substitution pattern in the choice model. Data from a stated preference...

This study investigates the roles of the socio-economic, land use, built environment, and weather factors in shaping up the demand for bicycle-sharing trips during the COVID-19 pandemic in Toronto. It uses “Bike Share Toronto” ridership data of 2019 and 2020 and a two-stage methodology. First, multilevel modelling is used to analyze how the factors...

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected activity-travel behavior in cities across the world, and in particular, travel mode choices. Studies on the topic have attributed shifts in modal preferences to the changes in attitudes toward different modes of travel that resulted from the pandemic. A common theme is that attitudes toward so-called...

This paper examines individuals' choice of in-store and online grocery shopping channels using stated preference (SP) choice experiments. The study uses 1,391 records from a stated preference choice experiment in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), Canada. It applies a Semi-Compensatory Independent Availability Logit (SCIAL) Model with latent variables...

Complete information in decision-making has been a common assumption in discrete choice modelling in practice. Such an assumption can be deemed valid for a limited information environment when the choice-maker can reasonably scrutinize all information. With the rise of the internet and social media, which provide a universal platform allowing anyon...

Household travel surveys collect core datasets for modelling passenger travel demand. However, decline in survey completion rate is becoming a concern in recent years. One major cause is the transition from computer-assisted telephone interviews (CATI) to computer-assisted web interviews (CAWI) surveys, where respondents need to self-complete the s...

The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on travel mode choices in cities across the world. Driven by perceptions of risk and the fear of infection, the pandemic resulted in an increased preference for private vehicles and active modes and a reduced preference for public transit and ride-sourcing. As travel behavior and modal preferences evol...

An important aspect of post-secondary student travel behaviour is their commute mode usage frequencies. How frequently students use different transportation modes for their daily travel directly characterizes their habits, routines, and predispositions, which can ultimately affect long-term social welfare of the region, congestion of the transporta...

This paper presents a data fusion method to infer the origin and destination zones of transit trips from smart card data. The fusion framework has disaggregate mixed multinomial logit models at its core that predict the most probable origin and destination zones of individual transit trips using smart card transaction records, land use data, and tr...

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spreads globally, disrupting every aspect of everyday activities. Countermeasures during the pandemic, such as remote working and learning, proliferated tele-activities worldwide during the COVID −19 pandemic. The prevalence of telecommuting could lead to new activity-travel patterns. It is in the...

Integrated urban models (IUM) typically rely on a measure of accessibility or travel time to form the link between the transportation and land use systems. Such integration does not fully capture the tradeoffs made by households in how they spend their limited temporal and monetary budgets. We propose a microeconomic foundation for transportation a...

The COVID-19 pandemic dramatically catalyzed the proliferation of e-shopping. The dramatic growth of e-shopping will undoubtedly cause significant impacts on travel demand. As a result, transportation modeller's ability to model e-shopping demand is becoming increasingly important. This study developed models to predict household' weekly home deliv...

The COVID-19 pandemic has altered travel patterns in cities across the world. Previous studies have found that travel choices during the pandemic are affected by attitudes and perceptions of risk in addition to transportation system level-of-service attributes. However, traditional travel demand models often rely on household travel survey data, wh...

COVID-19 had an unprecedented impact on transit demand and usage. Stiff and vigilant hygiene safety requirements changed travellers’ mode choice preferences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, transit modal share is radically impacted. Therefore, quantitative measurements on transit demand impact are urgently needed to facilitate evidence-b...

The COVID-19 lockdown provided many individuals an opportunity to explore changes in their daily routines, particularly when considered in combination with an ever-changing Information and Communication Technology (ICT) landscape. These new routines and alternative activities have the potential to be continued in the post-COVID era. Transportation...

Social distancing strategies and strict hygiene adherence during the pandemic have added an extra dimension to the safety requirements of transit usage. Thus, travelers’ altered safety perceptions, which can affect transit usage, need to be assessed for effective policy decisions for the post-pandemic period. This study examined the interaction bet...

Ride-hailing (RH) services have been growing rapidly and gaining popularity worldwide. However, many transit agencies are experiencing ridership stagnation or even decline. Understanding the correlation between RH trips and transit ridership has become an urgently important matter for transit agencies. This study aimed to explore the relationship b...

Automated fare collection (AFC) systems such as smart cards are becoming increasingly popular among transit agencies worldwide. Two main configurations of AFC systems can be found, characterized by whether users are required to scan their cards at the beginning of their trips (i.e., entry-only system) or both at the beginning and end of their trips...

This paper investigates the changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on households’ perceived utility of the accessibility of their residence in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA). The paper considers several neighborhood and dwelling attributes and fuses those with property price data from mid-March 2019 to mid-March 2021 to analyze chang...

This study investigates the factors influencing university student’s living arrangement choice, the distance between home and the university, and mode choice. A closed-form probabilistic choice modelling formulation is developed to model three choices jointly: student’s living arrangement choice, the distance between home and the university, and st...

Gentrification is being experienced by cities around the world. Its drivers and characteristic features are complex and diverse, ranging from the displacement of low-income households to the redevelopment of commercial districts. This paper combines multiple data sources to explore the coevolution of gentrification in the residential market and dev...

Data are important components of any research; however, it is often the case that the required data are not readily available. Researchers often fuse multiple datasets to obtain the data required to complete their work. In urban simulation, spatially referencing data is of paramount importance to capture local variations in travel and preferences....

The COVID-19 pandemic had an unprecedented impact on transit usage, primarily owing to the fear of infection. Social distancing measures, moreover, could alter habitual travel behavior, for example, using transit for commuting. This study explored the relationships among pandemic fear, the adoption of protective measures, changes in travel behavior...

This is the pre-print version. If you have any questions regarding the paper, please contact the corresponding author listed in the manuscript. Thank you.

The efficient adaptive choice experiment design is a real-time design method for tailoring choice experiments based on respondent's taste. ‎‎‎‎‎ ‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎...

As the widespread usage of autonomous vehicles is closer to becoming a reality, substantial consideration should be paid to the extent to which individuals choose vehicular mobility tools. The purpose of this study is to examine vehicle ownership models to better understand the adoption of vehicles by considering some factors such as liability issu...

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has fundamentally changed the nature of day-to-day life in cities worldwide. In the transportation sector, COVID-19 appears to have impacted modal preferences. In particular, people seem to be less willing to use modes where they may encounter strangers (such as public transit) and modes that involve coming into contac...

In this paper, we provide a comparison of implementations of Bayesian estimation of mixed multinomial logit (MMNL) models. Our objective is to provide a systematic comparison of the runtime, efficiency, and model implementation details associated with several alternative workflows. The analysis is based on three case studies. We argue that previous...

Home location choice is based on both the characteristics of the dwelling (e.g., size, style, number of bedrooms) and the location (e.g., proximity to work, quality of schools, accessibility). Recent years have seen a steep increase in the price of housing in many major cities. In this research, we examine how these price increases are affecting th...

Given the limitations of traditional methods of data collection and the increased use of smartphones, there is growing attention given to using smartphone apps for activity-travel surveys. Smartphones, through their location-logging capability, allow for the collection of high-quality data on the travel patterns of individuals over multiple days wh...

The paper employed a latent segmentation discrete choice model with endogenous social interaction effects to investigate the role of gender and age-cohort-specific peer influences on the choice of owning a bicycle by university students in Toronto. The empirical investigation used a dataset collected through a survey of students on seven campuses o...

Urban travel demand analysis efforts predominantly use household travel surveys for data supports, especially in North America. However, proxy-biases and under-representations are two dominant issues looming over the practice of using household travel surveys. Proxy biases arise from the fact that one household member reports travel diaries on beha...

The continued growth and utilization of ride-sourcing services have reshaped traditional perceptions of urban mobility. As the popularity of this relatively novel mode of travel has continued to grow, there has been a greater focus on the effect that the adoption and use of ride-sourcing have on the utilization of more traditional modes of transpor...

The spread of the novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) since early in 2020 has affected every aspect of daily life, including urban passenger travel patterns. Lockdowns to control the spread of COVID-19 created unprecedented travel demand contexts that have never been seen in modern history. So, it is essential to benchmark trends of travel be...

Smartphones with embedded Global Positioning System (GPS) technology provide an opportunity to passively collect individuals’ travel trajectory data, which can be utilized to identify critical aspects of travel behavior such as transport modes. This paper presents a mode detection algorithm developed to infer modes from smartphone GPS data. The alg...

The paper presents an application of the choice-based sample to explain the choice of non-chosen alternatives. It uses a passenger survey of GO rail transit of the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA) to investigate the factors that may affect the potential mode switching of the current GO rail users. It used a hybrid Generalized Extreme Value...

This paper presents a large-scale integrated modelling framework that can capture the relationships between travel mode choice, departure time choice and route choices simultaneously. Conventional transportation models have typically been applied to small scale networks to avoid the complexity of the large-scale simulation. While there are differen...

This paper investigates the effects of the built environment and weather on the demands for transportation network companies (TNC) in Toronto. The research is based on a historical dataset of Uber trips from September 2016 to September 2018 in Toronto. A wide range of built environments, sociodemographic, and weather data are generated at the disse...

This paper presents a closed-form Latent Class Model (LCM) of joint mode and departure time choices. The proposed LCM offers compound substitution patterns between the two choices. The class-specific choice models are of two opposing nesting structures, each of which provides expected maximum utility feedback to the corresponding class membership m...

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has drastically altered daily life in cities across the world. To slow the spread of COVID-19, many countries have introduced mobility restrictions, ordered the temporary closure of businesses, and encouraged social distancing. These policies have directly and indirectly influenced travel behaviour, particularly modal...

Departure time choice model is used to investigate how travelers change their trip schedule in response to changes in transportation system performance or other factors. Both discrete and continuous choice models can be used to model departure time choices. However, it is defined by the option of whether or not the time-of-the-day needs to be discr...

The household travel survey (HTS) is the most widely used passenger travel data collection method, and web-based HTS is currently the most dominant survey mode. However, there is a lack of proper understanding on how much the web-based approach can be used without over-burdening respondents. This study investigates methods to improve web-based HTS...

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are around the corner, and adopting this technology will create a revolution in our transportation system. Mass adoption of AVs might have both positive and negative impacts to travel demand and the transportation system. How we adopt, matters. Several studies show that private AVs might lead to more travel demand and disp...

This paper presents a data fusion methodology for inferring trip purposes from GPS trajectories of ride-hailing services in Toronto. The methodology has a discrete choice model at its core that predicts the most probable purpose distributions using only basic trip-related information such as approximate pick-up and drop-off locations, trip start ti...

The continued growth of ride-hailing usage creates the need for policymakers to understand the factors that affect the adoption and utilization of ride-hailing services. Attitudinal and perceptual factors are of particular importance, both because ride-hailing services are still evolving, and a relatively small number of studies have examined the r...

The COVID-19 outbreak created a context that was not previously considered by most urban transportation planners and modellers. It created a complete halt of the urban lifestyle and resulted in a total disruption of travel behaviour. While we are still not out of the thick of it, it is of great importance that we take a detailed approach to capture...

The COVID-19 pandemic has altered day-to-day life worldwide, including the perceived risks associated with travel. Ride-sourcing can augment the mobility of those without access to private vehicles and who are reluctant to use public transit. Using data from a web-based survey, this study investigates the influence of the first wave of the pandemic...

Home location choice is based on both the characteristics of the dwelling (e.g., size, style, number of bedrooms) and the location (e.g., proximity to work, quality of schools, accessibility). Recent years have seen a steep increase in the price of housing in many major cities. In this research, we examine how these price increases are affecting th...

Data are important components of any research; however, it is often the case that the required data are not readily available. Researchers must often fuse multiple datasets to obtain the data required to complete their work. In some cases, researchers must also synthesize the necessary data. In this paper, we address both these problems and propose...

The paper presents a model of location choices of business establishments in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). The model is of latent auction model, where the price and utility are jointly modelled in a random utility maximizing framework. Structural relationships between establishments by their industry classification and type (i.e. headquarters, su...

Transportation demand analysis can be said to be based on discerning the relationship between activity generation for individuals and the time to travel between those activities. Land use, often measured by population density, has been shown to have a significant effect on the length and frequency of travel. We present amenity consumption as an alt...

The cost of mobility is an unresolved question in transportation economics literature. The advent of ride-hailing services and the emergence of mobility as a service (MaaS) place increased pressure on the research community to develop methods to consider this question. We provide one of the first efforts to quantify the cost of mobility using a con...

This paper investigates the factors influencing the physical health condition and the trip distance of e-bike users’ in Toronto, Canada. The research is based on a survey of e-bike and bicycle users' health condition and travel behaviour in Toronto. A Bivariate Ordered Probit model is used to draw links between different factors that affect the hea...

In North American cities, the growing use of ride-hailing services, such as Uber and Lyft, has occurred at a time when public transit ridership has either stagnated or declined. Previous studies on the topic have found that the relationship between ride-hailing and public transit services tends to be context-specific in nature. In some cases, ride-...

The evolving relationship between public transit and transportation network companies (TNCs), such as Uber and Lyft, is of great interest to government agencies and has seen much critical attention in the academic literature. In this paper, we focus on the demand for TNC trips (also known as ride-hailing trips) during the disruption of the subway s...

Two dynamic, gap-based activity scheduling models are tested by applying a short-run microsimulation approach to replicate workers’ travel/activity patterns over a 1-week time period. In the first model, a two-level work episode scheduling model is applied to schedule weekly work episodes (Dianat et al. in Transp Res Rec 2664:59–68, 2017. https://d...

The paper presents a dynamic discrete–continuous modelling approach to capture individuals’ tour-based mode choices and continuous time expenditure choices tradeoffs in a 24-h time frame. The analysis of traditional activity-based models are typically limited to activity-type, location and time expenditure choices. Besides, mode choice is often sim...

Peak–car is characterised by slower rates of growth, levelling off, or a reduction in car travel. Researchers have paid much attention to this topic recently. However, a consensus on possible explanations of the phenomenon remains elusive. Questions remain whether the drivers of travel demand are changing and projection methods need to be revised,...

In many places, streets are still primarily designed for the convenience of motorists, considering mobility function as the principal design goal. There is a scarcity of empirical evidence on the relationship between the design of a street and how it is experienced by pedestrians who use it. This work focuses on quantifying pedestrians’ perception...

The relationship between travel distance and land use factors has been extensively studied in recent years. It is clear that land use policy influences the distance we must travel to reach the locations of our daily activities. Disentangling individual contributions to travel distance continues to be an active field of research, with advances in ec...

Continuous household travel surveys have been identified as a potential replacement for traditional one-off cross-sectional surveys. Many regions around the world have either replaced their traditional cross-sectional survey with its continuous counterpart or are weighing the option of doing so. The main claimed advantage of continuous surveys is t...

The evolving relationship between public transit and transportation network companies (TNC), such as Uber and Lyft, is of great interest to government agencies and has seen much critical attention in the academic literature. In this paper, we focus on the demand for TNC trips (also known as ride-haling trips) during the disruption of subway service...

The landline sample frame has been the method for recruiting participants for household travel surveys for many years. However, more recently, the representativeness of populations has declined with the reduction of household landline use and the rise of cellphone use. As a result, interest has turned to construct the survey sample frame using mult...

Smartphones offer a potential alternative to collect high-quality information on the travel patterns of individuals without burdening the respondents with reporting every detail of their travel. Smartphone apps have recently become a common tool for travel survey data collection around the world, especially for multiday surveys. However, there stil...